Kuyini emotweni: idayagramu kanye nencazelo

Kukhona bashayeli abangafuni ukuthobela ukushayela izimoto zabo, kodwa engazi ukuthi lokho kuyinto emotweni. Mhlawumbe-ke akudingekile ukuba wazi konke butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthela ukusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi mshini, kodwa amaphuzu ayinhloko okusadingeka kakwaziwe yibo bonke abantu. Phela, lokhu kungase kuxhomeke ukuphila kokubili umshayeli nabanye abantu. Enkabeni yalo, ifomu lula umshini inezingxenye ezintathu:

• injini;
• chassis;
• Umzimba.

Kulesi sihloko sibheka kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini izingxenye imoto futhi kanjani they ukusebenza imoto iyonke.

Lokho kuyinto emotweni: isikimu

idivayisi imoto kanje.

Ezimweni eziningi imishini efakwe yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini. Njengoba bengaphelele, bashaywa futhi isakhiwa ngu kokusungulwa izinjini ezintsha. Ngokwesibonelo, muva nje ethunywe nezimoto motors kagesi, okuyinto kwanele ukushaja ezithengisa evamile. edume kakhulu kwaba imoto kagesi "Tesla". Nokho, kokuziphatha enkulu yale mishini, yebo, kuze kube kusasekuseni ukuqagula ukuthi lokhu.

I chassis, esikhundleni salokho, liqukethe:

• ukudluliswa noma amandla ukudluliswa;
• chassis;
• Isiphathi imoto indlela.

Umzimba yakhelwe ukuze kuhlaliswe abagibeli emotweni futhi ukunyakaza ukhululekile. Izinhlobo ezinkulu emzimbeni kuze kube yilezi:

• sedan;
• hatchback;
• convertible;
• inqola;
• Limousine;
• kanye nabanye.

ICE: Izinhlobo

Noma yimuphi umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi ukwehluleka in motor bangaba yingozi empilweni yomuntu futhi ukuphila. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke ukuba nazi ukuthi liyini e zemoto.

Enguqulweni ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin kusho injini "ukushayela". Umshini yidivayisi ngaphansi kwayo, esiklanyelwe ukuguqula eyodwa hlobo luni lwamandla ku lokukhanda.

omlilo izinjini Yangaphakathi zitholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningana:

• uphethiloli;
• udizili;
• igesi.

Abaningi basebenzisa likaphethiloli kanye diesel ezahlukeneyo.

Esimweni sokuqala, njengoba leli gama lisikisela, uphethiloli kuyinto uphethiloli. Ngemva kokudlula ezikhungweni ngokusebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile, engena ezininginingi eyanele noma carburetor. Khona-ke atomized lapho ingxube ehlanganisa izinhlayiya kakade emoyeni engena amasilinda, le pistons onomfutho futhi lokhelwa nge inhlansi kusukela plugs inhlansi.

Uphethiloli izinjini kukhona zikaphethiloli injector izinhlobo. Eyokuqala cishe ayisetshenziswa. Uhlelo umjovo we izinjini kukhona yena, mechanical (asebenzisa iziyisikhombisa mechanical njengoba dispenser kokuba ikhono ulungise ingxube nomphumela) nange-elekthronikhi (lapho ukulungiselela nophethiloli umjovo wenziwa ngokuphelele ikhompyutha - i control unit electronic). Kusukela injector isebenza eduze kakhudlwana, imikhiqizo yayo amandla omlilo ayiyona ingozi uma kuqhathaniswa ngophethiloli.

Ukuze diesel izinjini zisebenzisa i-diesel ekhethekile. Lokhu motor ayinakho uhlelo ukuthungela lapho ukuxuba fuel ingena uMbhalo, ke ashaye up uqobo ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa nokucindezelwa izinkomba wathola ngenxa piston.

Negesi izinjini usebenzisa kuncibilike, onomfutho igesi generator. Lokhu fuel lilondolozwe amasilinda lapho aphuthelwe reducer ngokusebenzisa evaporator futhi ngaleyo ndlela ilahlekelwa ingcindezi. kuchutjekwe neluhlelo lwekwenta iyafana motor umjovo. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi lo evaporator asisebenzi.

umsebenzi motor

, Kusukela ngalo ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi isimiso sisebenza, kubalulekile ukuba ingenzele imininingwane imoto.

Leli bhokisi kuyinto block isilinda. Ngaphakathi kuwo kukhona iziteshi, ayaphola bese Athambisa motor.

I piston - Kayisilutho ngaphandle nomgodi metallic ingilazi, phezulu okuyizinto izindandatho inkatho.

Amasongo piston zitholakala ezansi, valve, futhi phezulu - kokucindezelwa. Lesi sakamuva ukunikeza kokucindezelwa ezinhle futhi kokucindezelwa ingxube emoyeni-nophethiloli. Asetshenziswa njengezitolo ukufeza yobunzima egumbini amandla omlilo, kanye nezimvu zamanzi ukuvimbela ingress i uwoyela.

Crank indlela obangela reciprocating amandla pistons kuya crankshaft.

Ngakho, ukwazi ukuthi yini emotweni, ikakhulukazi, injini yayo, kanjalo uyokuqonda emsebenzini isimiso. I-fuel lokuqala ingena egumbini amandla omlilo lapho ixubene emoyeni, i-plug inhlansi (e uphethiloli kanye negesi embodiments) ihlinzeka inhlansi, kwaqala ingxube, noma ingxube ngokwayo luvutha (udizili samuntu) ngaphansi isenzo ingcindezi kanye lokushisa. amagesi Kwakheka ukuphoqelela piston ukuhambisa phansi edlulisa ezinyakazayo crankshaft, ngenxa okuyinto iqala ukujikisa ukudluliswa, lapho ukunyakaza idluliselwa amasondo phambi, oluvala amasondo ezingemuva noma kokubili ngasikhathi sinye, kuncike drive. Kancane touch kamuva futhi esakhiwa isondo imoto. Kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

ukudluliswa

Sithole ukuthi yini emotweni, futhi siyazi ukuthi chassis kuhlanganisa powertrain, chassis nokulawula indlela.

Izakhi ukudluliswa yilezi ezilandelayo:

• ukudluliswa;
• bamba;
• okuyinhloko kanye driveline;
• Ukwahlukaniswa;
• driveshafts.

ukudluliswa Jobe izingxenye

The bamba ukhonza uncouple ukudluliswa (gearbox) we motor, bese ngokushelela yokuxhuma kubo lapho ukuguquguquka futhi ezihambayo off.

CP eshintsha torque ngobulili kusukela crankshaft kuya bendiza. CP iyunithi iyanqamula uxhumano nge motor drive umugqa kuze kufike kuyadingeka ngokushayela reverse.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-driveline iwukuba adlulisele torque engu kusukela gearbox ukuze igiya main ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko ukudluliswa eyinhloko ukudluliswa torque i-engela degrees ayisishiyagalolunye kusukela kushaft bendiza ngokusebenzisa umehluko ku-idrayivu imiphini kwamasondo main.

Ukwahlukaniswa uzungeza amasondo drive ngesikhathi ezahlukene cornering kanye ezimazombezombe.

chassis

Chassis imoto siqukethe luhlaka, phambili ama-ekseli amasondo ezingemuva, yokuxhuma Uhlaka ngokusebenzisa ukumiswa. Ngo izimoto eziningi zalezi zinsuku luhlaka monocoque. Tincenye kuyini ukumiswa imoto, lokhu okulandelayo:

• iziphethu;
• isilinda isiphethu;
• ukushaqeka wezinciphisi;
• amasilinda womoya.

amalungiselelo nokubusa

Lezi amadivayisi kuqukathe uhlelo ayo, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ngaphambili amasondo ayo gear kanye amabhuleki. izimoto eziningi zanamuhla ezisetshenziswa-ibhodi amakhompyutha, ngokwabo ukulawula ukuphathwa, futhi kwezinye izimo, ngisho lapho ukwethula izinguquko ezidingekayo.

Siphawula lapha ukuthi onjalo ingxenye ebalulekile njengoba ukuthi kusukela lapho imoto yakhiwa isondo. Ngaphandle kwayo, imoto nje ngeke ithathe indawo. Lena ngempela omunye ezisunguliwe enkulu lapha siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: amathaya iraba, okuyinto tube futhi tubeless, kanye disc metal.

umzimba

Ngo izimoto eziningi namuhla, umzimba isithwali esakhiwa amangqamuzana ngamanye zixhunywe Welding. namuhla umzimba zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kubhekwe uhlobo avaliwe, kokuba kunye, kubili, ezintathu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho kwezinhlu ezine izihlalo. Ungahoxisa ingxenye noma ngisho ophahleni. ngaleyo ndlela Kunzima noma soft.

Uma uphahla isuswe phakathi, kungcono targa umzimba.

esikhiphekayo ngokugcwele phezulu ezithambile liphenduka Convertible.

Kepha uma engathandi ukukuhlenga esithambile futhi kanzima, kuba hardtop Convertible.

On zenqola, efana sedan, kukhona ezinye isandiso kwelinye lamagumbi umthwalo, okuyinto uphawu.

Iveni ngeke kakade kusukela enqoleni lapho iminyango ezingemuva namawindi lalungiswa.

Lapho platform umthwalo ngemuva umzimba cab ngokuthi iveni.

Coupe - a Coupe-umnyango ezimbili.

Kungokufanayo, kodwa nge Roadster soft-phezulu ngokuthi.

Okusetshenziswayo kuzovs tailgate ezingemuva ngokuthi combi.

Limousine - uhlobo ovaliwe bulkhead eqinile nakho ngeke kusize ngemuva izihlalo eziphambili.

Kusukela sihloko sithole ukuthi yini emotweni. ukusebenza Okubalulekile eyanelisayo zonke izingxenye, futhi kangcono futhi wazizwa, uma kukhona ulwazi olufanele.