Kungani kuyinto wekhodi jikelele kanambambili? izindlela zokuhlela

Ikhompyutha IZINHLELO semali ulwazi. amafayela alalelwayo, izithombe, umbhalo - konke ofuna ukudlala noma ukubonisa. Kungani esephepheni kanambambili iyindlela jikelele idatha izinhlelo kwanoma yimuphi imishini yezobuchwepheshe?

Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini ukubethela esephepheni?

Ngokuvamile abantu bethi welithi "esephepheni" futhi "ukubethela", lapho empeleni anezincazelo ezihlukile. Ngakho, ukubethela inqubo zokuguqula mininingwane ukuze ukusifihla. Ukuqaqa ngokuvamile can umuntu ushintshe umbhalo, noma abantu abaqeqeshiwe. Coding isetshenziselwa ngokucubungula ulwazi kanye lula ukusetshenziswa kuye. ithebula ezivamile esephepheni avame ukusetshenziswa, ajwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu. It yakhelwe ku kwikhompyutha yakho.

kanambambili esephepheni isimiso

wekhodi Binary kusekelwe Ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu ezimbili kuphela - 0 no-1 - I-ngokucubungula ulwazi esetshenziswa amadivaysi ezahlukene. Lezi izimpawu zibizwa ngokuthi amadijithi kanambambili, English - idijithi kanambambili, noma kancane. Ngamunye lwezimpawu ikhodi kanambambili ithatha inkumbulo kwekhompyutha ukuba 1 kancane. Kungani esephepheni kanambambili iyindlela jikelele zokuhlela ulwazi? Iqiniso lokuthi ikhompyutha kulula ukusingatha izinhlamvu ezimbalwa. Kule kuncike kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo PC: imisebenzi ngaphansi obusebenzayo kudingekile ukwenza idivayisi, ayanda isivinini kanye izinga lomsebenzi.

kanambambili isimiso esephepheni kutholakala hhayi kuphela izinhlelo. Nge alternation bengakhulumi futhi sigubhu lizwakalise ishaya basePolynesia adlulisele ulwazi nomunye. Isimiso esifanayo siyasebenza kule -Morse code, lapho umsindo eside futhi esifushane zisetshenziswa ukudlulisela umyalezo. "Zamagama telegram" asetshenziswa namuhla.

Lapho ukusebenzisa wekhodi kanambambili?

I kanambambili esephepheni kolwazi endaweni computer isetshenziswa yonke indawo. ifayela ngalinye, kungaba umculo noma umbhalo okufanele zahlelwa kangangokuba lungakwazi kamuva iphathwe kalula nokufunda. kanambambili uhlelo lokufaka ikhowudi kuyasiza ukusebenza izimpawu kanye nezinombolo, amafayela alalelwayo, izithombe.

wekhodi Binary izinombolo

Manje izinombolo ikhompyutha ivezwa ifomu code, engaqondakali umuntu ovamile. Ukusetshenziswa Izinombolo Arabic, njengoba sicabange, ngoba inqubo engeke asebenze. Isizathu salokhu isidingo inombolo esiyingqayizivele umlingisi ngamunye ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngezinye izikhathi akwenzeki.

Kukhona netinkhomba ezimbili: positional futhi nepozitsionnyh. uhlelo Nepozitsionnyh kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa zesi-Latin futhi ajwayelekile kithi ngesimo lezinombolo ngesiGreki. Le ndlela yokuqopha kubenzima ukuqonda, ngakho-ke, wasala kanjalo.

Positional uhlelo Inombolo esetshenziswa namuhla. Lezi zihlanganisa kanambambili, idesimali, octal futhi-hexadecimal esephepheni ngisho ulwazi.

Decimal uhlelo lokufaka ikhowudi sisebenzisa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kuyinto evamile kithi zesi-Arabhu, okuyizinto liqondwe wonke umuntu. Binary wekhodi izinombolo ahlukene usebenzisa zero futhi esisodwa kuphela.

Integers eziguqulelwa esephepheni kanambambili sokuhlukanisa kubo by 2. kwaphumela ngokwengxenye futhi yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili, kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni 0 noma 1. Ngokwesibonelo, inani 123 ₁₀ notation kanambambili kungenziwa amelwe ifomu ₂ 1111011. Kuthiwa imibhalo eminingi ye-October ₂₀ lizovela 10100 _2.

Izinkomba 10 futhi 2 okhonjiswe izinombolo ngokulandelana kanambambili futhi idesimali ka esephepheni uhlelo. uphawu kanambambili esephepheni isetshenziselwa lula ukusebenza lamanani okwethulwa inombolo izinhlelo ezahlukene.

amasu Programming izinombolo zamadesimali zisekelwe "iphuzu ezintantayo". Ukuze uthumele kahle ukubaluleka kusukela ledesimali kanambambili esephepheni uhlelo kusetshenziswa indlela N = M x QP. M - iyona mantissa (ngaphandle inkulumo nganoma yimuphi umyalo), p - oda lamanani N, futhi q - base esephepheni uhlelo (kuleli cala 2).

Akubona bonke izinombolo akhayo. Ukuze umuntu ahlukanise phakathi okungelula ukuziqonda, nekhompyutha ushiya indawo 1 kancane ukuze encode uphawu. Lapha zero is a plus, futhi iyunithi - lokususa.

Ukusebenzisa lesi simiso izinombolo yenza kube lula computer ukusebenza ngezinombolo. Yingakho uphawu kanambambili jikelele lapho Computing izinqubo.

wekhodi Binary kolwazi kombhalo

zamagama code lophawu Ngamunye amaqanda ayo futhi abathandekayo. Umbhalo siqukethe izinhlamvu ezahlukene: izincwadi (usonhlamvukazi kanye ezincane), izimpawu izibalo nezinye amagugu ahlukahlukene. Ukufaka ikhodi kolwazi kombhalo kudinga ukusetshenziswa amagugu eyisishiyagalombili elandelanayo kanambambili kusuka 00000000 ukuze 11111111. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuguqula ezingu-256 ehlukile.

Ukuze ugweme ukuxakeka ukufaka ikhodi umbhalo, sebenzisa ithebula ekhethekile yamanani uhlamvu ngalunye. Zinikeza kwama-alfabhethi esiLatini, izimpawu izibalo nezimpawu injongo ekhethekile (isibonelo, €, ¥, ©, njll). Izimpawu isikhawu 128-255 encode zamagama wezwe kazwelonke.

Ukuze encode izimpawu kudinga 1 8 inkumbulo kancane. Ukuze lula podstchetov 8 izingcezu ayalingana 1 ibhayithi, ngakho Imininingwane sediski ukuze uthole ulwazi umbhalo ulinganiswa amabhayithi.

amakhompyutha Iningi siqu anemisila itafula esezingeni ASCII (American Standard YaseMelika Yokunikezelana Ngolwazi). nezinye amatafula, zibuye zisetshenziswe, lapho uhlelo esephepheni yolwazi kombhalo kuyahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, umlingisi lokufaka ikhodi yokuqala eyaziwayo ngokuthi Koi-8 (YaseMelika Yokunikezelana Ngolwazi-8-bit), futhi isebenza kwi computer Unix OS. Ithebula SR1251 amakhodi nazo kabanzi wathola, obadalwa uhlelo lokusebenza le-Windows.

esephepheni Binary imisindo

Esinye isizathu esenza esephepheni kanambambili iyindlela jikelele idatha izinhlelo - kuyinto alula lapho esebenza amafayela alalelwayo. Noma yimuphi umculo kuyinto amaza omsindo amplitude kanye nokuvama oscillation obuhlukahlukene. Lezi izilungiselelo kuthinte ivolumu futhi iphimbo.

Ukuze uhlelo igagasi umsindo, nekhompyutha uhlukanisa ibe izingxenye eziningana kunemibandela, noma "amasampula". Isibalo amasampula ezinjalo kungenzeka likhulu, ngakho kukhona 65536 inhlanganisela ezahlukene amaqanda futhi abathandekayo. Ngakho, amakhompyutha zanamuhla anemisila-16-bit ikhadi umsindo lokho kusho ukusetshenziswa amadijithi kanambambili 16 ukuze encode isampula igagasi umsindo.

Ukudlala ifayela lokulalelwayo, nekhompyutha icubungula ukulandelana zahlelwa ikhodi kanambambili futhi ihlanganisa nabo zibe munye wave okuqhubekayo.

esephepheni amashadi

Imininingwane sokuqhafaza kungenziwa ethulwa ngesimo ihluzo, imidwebo, izithombe noma slideshow ku-PowerPoint. isithombe ngasinye yakhiwa amachashazi ezincane - Amaphikseli ukuthi kungenziwa zaveza ngombala ohlukile. Umbala kwe-pixel ngayinye kufakwa ikhodi eyisivikelo futhi agcinwe, futhi ekugcineni sithola umfanekiso ogcwele.

Uma isithombe omnyama nomhlophe, ikhodi ngamunye kwe-pixel kungaba iyunithi noma zero. Lapho usebenzisa i-ngemibala emine, ikhodi ngamunye wabo siqukethe izinombolo ezimbili: 00, 01, 10 noma 11. Ngokuvumelana nalesi simiso ukuhlukanisa ikhwalithi ngokucubungula isithombe. Ngezelela noma ukunciphisa ukugqama nalo ehlaselwe isibalo imibala eyayisetshenziswa. Endabeni engcono, nekhompyutha ihlukanisa cishe 16.777.216 imibala.

isiphetho

Kukhona izindlela ezehlukene kolwazi izinhlelo, kuhlanganise wekhodi kanambambili iyona ngempumelelo kakhulu. Kuphela izimpawu ezimbili - 0 no-1 - ikhompyutha ofunda kalula amafayela kakhulu. Kulokhu isivinini processing iphezulu kakhulu ingasetshenziswa kuka ngabe, isibonelo, uHlelo uhlelo ledesimali. Ukuba lula le ndlela yenza kube esisemqoka ibuphi ubuchwepheshe. Yingakho uphawu kanambambili jikelele phakathi ontanga yakhe.