Igama elithi "inkumbulo flash" manje ezindebeni wonke umuntu. Igama elithi "flash drive" ngisho lokuqala ibanga engxoxweni livame ukusetshenziswa. Lobu buchwepheshe ngesivinini Amazing kwakuqala ukwanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlaziyi abaningi babikezela ukuthi esikhathini esiseduze inkumbulo flash esizayo uzothatha indawo ka idivayisi yokulondoloza esekelwe amadiski kazibuthe. What uhlala kuyinto kuphela iqiniso bethuthuka ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenzuzo yayo. Ngokumangalisayo, abaningi, ukukhuluma kwalo mkhiqizo omusha, cishe engazi ukuthi inkumbulo flash ezinjalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umsebenzisi kudingeka idivayisi esebenza, futhi sisebenza kanjani imisebenzi yayo - ngezinto eziwubala. Nokho, okungenani nolwazi oluyisisekelo oludingekayo ukuze wonke umuntu ufundile.
Kuyini inkumbulo flash?
Njengoba wazi, amakhompyutha abe izinhlobo eziningana idivayisi yokulondoloza: inkumbulo amamojuli, hard drive, kanye ngemoto optical. Eminyakeni emibili - kungcono izixazululo electromechanical. Kodwa-RAM - ngokugcwele isisetjenziswa se-elektroniki. Ingabe iqoqo transistors ku-chip ababebuthene chip ekhethekile. engavamile yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi idatha egcinwe njengoba nje electrode ayehlala kuwo lapho ekuleso ikhi ngayinye control nginomdlandla. Okwamanje thina kamuva sihlolisise. inkumbulo Flash akububonisi lokhu yokusilela. ukushaja inkinga isitoreji ngaphandle koxhumano voltage zangaphandle ixazululwe usebenzisa elintantayo esangweni transistors. In the ukungabikho zangaphandle ithonya icala leli thuluzi ingagcinwa yisikhathi ngokwanele eside (okungenani iminyaka engu-10). Ukuchaza Umgomo we operation, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngobakhamuzi electronics.
Kanjani a Transistor?
Lezi zici sezikujwayele kabanzi ukuze ezingavamile, lapho azisetshenziswa. Ngisho banal ukukhanya switch ngezinye izikhathi usethe okhiye enophephela. akazange le Transistor zakudala ahlelwe kanjani? Kusekelwe ezimbili Semiconductor impahla, omunye elithatha conductivity electronic (n), kanye nezinye imbobo (p). Ukuze uthole Transistor elula, kubalulekile ukuba sihlanganise izinto, ezifana npn futhi ngamunye block ipulaki electrode. Ngesinye electrode kakhulu (emitter) voltage sisetshenziswa. Bona zingalawulwa ngokushintsha ubukhulu bale nebangomuso okukhipha isilinganiso (isizinda). Ukususwa kwenzeka ku ngalendoda - eyesithathu contact kakhulu. Kusobala ukuthi nge ukunyamalala base voltage bayobuyela esimweni hlangothi. Kodwa Transistor idivayisi elintantayo esangweni fleshek ecashile ukuhluka: ngaphambili impahla base Semiconductor ibekwe ungqimba ezondile Kwe-dielectric Heating futhi isango elintantayo - ngokuhlangana akha ngakho ngokuthi "ephaketheni". Lapho usebenzisa voltage yokuhlanganisa kumila Transistor ukuba angavulwa ngidlula zamanje oluhambisana bacabanga zero. Kodwa uma esangweni ukubeka olulodwa icala (electron), ensimini yayo neutralizes umphumela base-isakhiwo - idivayisi ngeke senqabe avaliwe (iyunithi okunengqondo). Ngu ekukaleni voltage phakathi emitter futhi ngalendoda lungacacisa khona (noma ukungabi khona) we icala ku esangweni elintantayo. Ukubeka icala ku esangweni ngokusebenzisa emhubheni umphumela (Fowler - Nordheim). Ukuze ususe isidingo sokwenza icala okusezingeni eliphezulu (9) ku-voltage engemihle futhi isisekelo esihle ukuze emitter. Icala izohamba esangweni. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe luhlala lukhula, liye ezihlongozwayo ukuhlanganisa samuntu kanye Transistor ezivamile esangweni elintantayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abazalwane "ukusula" bakhokhiswe voltage low futhi ukukhiqiza idivayisi emfishane (asikho isidingo ukuhlukanisa). USB imemori Flash lisebenzisa lesi simiso (NAND Sakhiwo).
Ngakho, ngokuhlanganisa la transistors emabhulokini, kwakunokwenzeka ukwakha inkumbulo lapho idatha aqoshiwe kwakuthiwa agcinwayo ngaphandle ushintsho amashumi eminyaka. Mhlawumbe kuphela ethile flash oshayelayo yesimanje - isibalo bhala imijikelezo mkhawulo.