Jan Mayen: ezikhangayo nezithombe

Akubona bonke abahamba njengamanye amazwe afudumele. Abaningi bakhetha i-frost-iqhwa eliqhelelene nomlingiswa omkhulu we-arctic. Uma lesi sitatimende singabikwa kuwe, uhambo oluya esiqhingini saseJan Mayen luzoba yinto ethakazelisayo. Lesi siqhingi saseNorway asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi indawo efinyeleleka kalula, kodwa lapha konke kugcwele inkatho ekhethekile. Izitshalo ezizungezile, izitshalo ezikhona, izimakethe zenyoni enomsindo ziyingxenye encane yalokho okuzobonwa yizivakashi kule ndawo emangalisayo.

Ulwazi lwendawo

Igama lesiRashiya elithi Jan Mayen lihambisana negama lesiNorway elithi Jan Mayen. Lesi yisiqhingi eNyakatho Yurophu, esasemngceleni wezilwandle zaseGreenland naseNorway. Itholakala ngamakhilomitha angama-600 enyakatho ye-Iceland futhi 500 km empumalanga yeGreenland. I-Norway itholakala ku-1000 km empumalanga yesiqhingi. Kodwa uJan Mayen ungowesizwe.

Ubude bogwini lolesi siqhingi bungaphezu kuka 124 km. Ubude besiqhingi bungama-55 km. Indawo ephakeme kakhulu intaba yeHaakon VII (iNkosi yaseNorway kusukela ngo-1905 kuya ku-1957). Ukuphakama kuncane kakhulu kunezingu-2277 m. Ingqikithi iyi-volcano esebenzayo, ukuqhuma kokugcina okwenzeka ngo-1970. Igama lesibili le-volcano yi-Bierenberg. Kucatshangwa kahle ukuthi i-volcanic esebenzayo yeNyakatho yoMhlaba. Ngenxa yomsebenzi we-volcanic, indawo yesiqhingi isanda kancane. Ukuqhuma kokugcina kwanezela okungu-4 km², okungenjalo kakhulu. Indawo yonke yalesi siqhingi ingama-373 km ².

Umlando

Umtholi wokuqala welesi siqhingi ungumonakalo, ovela e-Ireland. Igama lakhe nguBradan. Umonki wafika esiqhingini esingabizwwanga igama ngekhulu le-6, kodwa akazange asungule amagama. Iqiniso liwukuthi lowo owaziwayo wayeyesaba kakhulu lapho ebona intuthu namalangabi. Wayengazi ukuthi yintoni intaba-mlilo, futhi wanquma ukuthi kwakuyindlela eya esihogweni. Sekuyisikhathi eside lesi siqhingi sasingakaze sihlelwe imephu. Kodwa ngo-1614, ngasogwini lwesiqhingi esingenamagama, umkhumbi whaling washaywa, wathola uJan Mayen. Umkhumbi wemikhumbi owaziwayo wazikwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kule ndawo kungenzeka ukuhlela iphuzu lokuthutha lama-whalers nabazingeli. Walungisa indawo yesiqhingi futhi wayichaza. Ukuhlonipha umkhumbi wamabonakude futhi wanikezwa igama likaJan Mayen.

Ngemuva kokubonakala kwezixhumanisi zesiqhingi, ukubiza kwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise noHenry Hudson, kwenziwa , kodwa kwakubhekwa njengokungacacile.

Ukunqunywa kobuzwe nobuholi

INorway yafakwa esiqhingini ngo-1930. Ngo-1995, uJan-Mayen wangena ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kokuphatha kwesifundazwe saseNorway saseNorland. Umbusi wesifundazwe ulawula ngokusemthethweni zonke izindaba zokuphatha. Emkhakheni wesiqhingi, wonke amandla okuphatha kanye nokuphathwa komphakathi athunyelwe enhloko yesiteshi samasosha i-LORAN-C.

I-archipelago yaseSpitsbergen neJan Mayen (isiqhingi) esiqenjini samazwe ngamazwe sinalo igama elivamile. Kuzwakala kanjalo uSvalbard og Jan Mayen. Ngakho-ke uSpitsbergen unesimo esikhethekile, esilawulwa umcimbi okhethekile, kanti uJan Mayen uyingxenye yesifundazwe saseNorway. Kuvela ukuthi la mazwe awunawo uxhumano lokuphatha, kodwa i-UN Statistics Division yawahlanganisela ngaphansi kwegama elifanayo: iSpitsbergen, igama lesiNorway iSvalbard noJan Mayen.

Enethiwekhi yenethiwekhi, lesi siqhingi sinikezwe isizinda esihlukile - Sj. Kodwa uhulumeni waseNorway uye wanquma ukuthi lesi sizinda sihlala siphephelo, okwamanje abangasisebenzisi.

I-Topography yesiqhingi

UJan Mayen uyisiqhingi somkhumbi ontaba-mlilo. Ingxenye yendawo yayo, cishe ngo-117 km², igcwele ama-glaciers. Lesi siqhingi sihlukaniswe yi-isthmus emaphethelweni asenyakatho naseningizimu. Ububanzi be-isthmus buyi-2.5 km. I-isthmus inamachibi amabili amakhulu. Igama labo: iNingizimu lagoon naseNyakatho lagoon. Amanzi ezinqolobaneni ahlanganiswe usawoti-fresh, njengoba agcwele imithombo emibili:

• Amanzi olwandle awela emanzini ngesikhathi sevunguvungu;
• Amanzi amasha awela emathafeni ngesikhathi kuqubuka ama-glaciers neqhwa.

Ukuziqhenya kwamathambile ukuthi amanzi okusawoti aphansi, futhi amanzi amasha aphezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungqimba oluphezulu lufanelekile ukuphuza.

Kukhona esinye isikebhe sesithathu esincane emaqenjini angaseningizimu esiqhingini. Igama layo ngu-Ullerenglaguna. Amanye ama-glaciers kaJan Mayen awela olwandle. Amabili azo atholakala ogwini olusempumalanga, kanti amanye amathathu afinyelela ogwini olusenyakatho-ntshonalanga.

Ososayensi banqume ukuthi iminyaka yesiqhingi idlulile eminyakeni engama-700 eyizinkulungwane. Inendawo yezintaba, iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu, njengoba seliveziwe kakade, yi-volcano yaseBeringen.

Abantu

Ayikho indawo yomdabu esiqhingini sikaJan Mayen. Bonke labo abahlala ensimini yabo bangabasebenzi besiteshi sokuhamba ngezimoto LORAN-C, isiteshi somsakazo, isiteshi sezulu kanye nenkonzo yasogwini. Inombolo yabahlali bangabantu abangu-18-20. Ehlobo, inani labahlali kabili.

Ukuhlala kuphela kwesiqhingi yi-Olonkinbuen. Kungabhekwa yini ukuthi yinhloko kaJan Mayen? Le nkinga ivulekile, ngoba ngokusemthethweni insimu ifakiwe esifundazweni (esifundazweni) u-Nurlan.

Isimo sezulu

Lesi siqhingi sisendaweni ye-polar sea. Kuneziphepho ezivame kakhulu nezinkungu ezihlala njalo. Inyanga ebanda kunazo zonke ngoFebhuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibonakaliso sesilinganiso sokushisa sehla kuya ku -6.1 ° C. Inyanga efudumele kakhulu ngo-Agasti. Ngalesi sikhathi, umoya uvuselela kufika ku-+5 ° C ngokujwayelekile. Inani eliphansi kunazo zonke eliqoshiwe esiqhingini -20 ° C, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu liyi-18 ° C.

UJan Mayen, isimo sakhe sezulu esibhekene nokushintsha okuncane phakathi kwezinga lokushisa phakathi nonyaka, sakhiwe ngaphansi kwethonya linye lamagatsha weGulf Stream efudumele.

Iziqhingi zesiqhingi

Abavakashi bafika esiqhingini kunzima kakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga imvume ekhethekile. Ukukhipha izimvume ezinjalo usuku, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngamahora amaningana. Esimweni esibucayi kakhulu, kungaba izinsuku eziningana. Lapha ungabona ama-glaciers ahlukile kanye namanzi omlilo. Kuhle kakhulu!

Lesi siqhingi sakhiwa yizinyoni eziningi zezinyoni. Iningi le-murres ne-ghar, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezingu-100 ezengeziwe. Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingu-18 zihlala zakha izidleke esiqhingini. Emanzini azungezile kunezinhlanzi eziningi. Lokhu kudonsela amahlengethwa nezimpawu. Nalapha futhi nondla ngamabhawundlu namabhawha.

Ngo-2010 iNorway yabiza ukuthi insimu yalesi siqhingi isakhiwo semvelo. Lapha bazama ukulondoloza isimo esiyingqayizivele, ngakho-ke ukungenwa okukhulu kwezivakashi akunakwenzeka. Kodwa uma unenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuthola imvume, khona-ke ukubonakala kuzohlala isikhathi eside. Yini edingekayo kuphela engozini evuleka uJan Mayen nge-cocoon ekhulu!

Kuyadingeka

Ngo-1940, iJalimane yathumela ukuhambela kwesayensi esiqhingini. U-Adolf Hitler wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi kule ndawo ungathola ubufakazi bokuma komhlaba, ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi iplanethi inombono, hhayi ibhola. AbaseBrithani bafunda mayelana nokulungiswa kwalesi sihambeli futhi beyeka iqembu lokufika, elithatha iziboshwa zesifundo.

Ngo-1961, umkhumbi wamanzi u-K-19 wabulala eduze nesiqhingi. Isisombululo asizange sisebenze, futhi ingxenye yabasebenzi yabulawa ngenxa ye-irradiation. Isitsha esiphuthumayo sakwazi ukudonsa phansi. Mayelana nalezi zenzakalo ezibuhlungu ifilimu "K-19: Ukushiya abafelokazi" kwenziwa.

Umlobi uTom Clans wakhipha inkaba ethi "The Hunt for" Okthoba Olubomvu ", ekhuluma ngesiteshi se-LORAN-C.

UJan Mayen ungumgomo we-heroine womdlalo wekhompyutha odumile uLara Croft, ofuna i-artifact - isando sika Thor.

Ungafika esiqhingini kuphela ngomkhumbi wempi noma indiza yempi. Isikhumulo sezindiza sinomgwaqo omgwaqo, futhi ngokuvamile awusebenzi ngenxa yokungena kwamanzi.