Iziphi izici ukuhlukanisa umdwebo Russian kwekhulu XX?

Ekhulwini XX kwafika isikhathi lapho bonke art waphendukela avant-garde. Futhi uma ukubuza, yini izici ukuhlukanisa ubuciko Russian yenkathi yalo kwamanye amazwe, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi bonke abaculi unentshiseko avant-garde, okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka izindlela French "le vanguard".

Umlando uyazi izibonelo eziningi izikhathi, ibaluleke kakhulu, lapho kukhona ukushintshwa kwezinkathi, indlela abantu yokudala aqale ukudala ukunyakaza olukhulu eklanyelwe sihlole izenzakalo ngaphansi nezibhebhe ezahlukene. Nokho, ikhulu XX kwaba kulokhu isenzakalo esibalulekile.

Ukuqala avant-garde

Izinyathelo zokuqala abamele Russian avant-garde asehlele 1907, lapho sidalwe art inhlangano "Blue Rose", umbuthano amakhosi wavuma ka-neo-primitivism kanye afanekiselayo. Lezi izitayela nobuciko kwavula kwebhuloho ku-isiqondiso ngokuyinhloko entsha e art - avant-garde. Lobuciko abameleli lokuqala elikhanyayo bale nhlangano kwaba Kazimir Malevich, Larionov futhi Goncharov, ukuthi imisebenzi kabani eMoscow Museum of Modern Art.

Iziphi izici ukuhlukanisa umdwebo Russian kwekhulu XX? Kukulo muzi lapho kuqala owaqamba igama elithi "avant-garde" - wanika emhlabeni Benoit ngokumangalisayo echaza umsebenzi abaculi ebudlelwaneni yokudala "Jack Diamonds", okuyinto ngo-1910 eyethulwe izethameli embukisweni "Abaculi 'Union" emisha wokuqala kusukela iphuzu lobuchwepheshe umbono esithombeni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi buye bamukeleka ukuthi zonke izinto ezintsha kule nsimu ese-okuyinhloko Russian shayela.

Abameleli beNdikimba Russian avant-garde

Izici yokudweba Russian kwekhulu lama-20. yokuthi owasungula avant-garde ngumqondo ebanzi nokuthi ngesisekelo salokhu azalelwa ezingasho isiqondiso entsha yesitayela. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, abaculi abaningi Russian emsebenzini wakhe bamsukela isiko yesimanjemanje European: Cubism, Suprematism, Constructivism, nemishayo, nemibundu, Fauvism futhi Futurism. Laba bameleli be-esivelele kunazo zonke Russian avant-garde ukunyakaza babe Kandinsky futhi Malevich. Kwaphela eside isikhathi bemi umsuka ukuvela lesi simanga yehlukene kaningi okubalwa kwezobuciko futhi baye baba "izinto" ukuzalwa brainchild yakhe - abstractionism.

ubuciko abstract kuyikhono abstract, lapho umdwebi usebenzisa ukumela kuphela bazibheka associative engokoqobo, ukugwema izimiso umdwebo we-classic. The main isici bokubeka isitayela - umbala, esiza ukunikeza amakhosi Blade imizwa.

Eyokuqala ngubani nitinikele ku ukuhlola okufanayo kwaba Kandinsky. umqondo wayo global kwakufanele adlulisele esintwini ukuthi kungenziwa shi ku-canvas umculo, it has nombala ohlukile futhi ine ifomu angawodwa.

Kusukela abstract ukuze Suprematism

Umdwebo Russian owayelashwa umdlavuza izinguquko asebenzayo ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Kwake kwathi ngo-1909, Kandinsky owethulwa okokuqala kuya baxgeki ubuyekeze umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala abstract, kwaba wayezijwayele Kazimir Malevich, ngubani, nakuba uJesu ayengumuntu umlandeli omkhulu we noma yini entsha, kodwa, nokho, baqhubeka ukuhlala ngaphansi kwethonya Impressionism. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke umsebenzi umculi isiqala ayaguquka, okuyinto ngo-1913 wambonisa njengoba kummeleli Cubo-Futurism.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Malevich waphinda waveza nalokho ekufuze izici ukuhlukanisa ubuciko Russian kwekhulu XX - kwaba umsunguli ohlangothini olusha yesitayela ngokuthi Suprematism. I lolwehlukanisa lo mkhuba kwakuwukuthi bobunjwa unxande ziyafakwa esikhathini esiyinhlanganisela umsebenzi isisekelo. Eqinisweni, Suprematism - olunye uhlobo Abstraction, njengoba inezici ayo efanayo:

• pointlessness;
• uleka umthamo;
• Jomethri (ayimihle Kungaletha iyiphi ukuma yejeyomethri, kodwa ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi isithombe isikwele);
• asymmetry.

Malevich babekholelwa ukuthi Suprematism kuyinto indiza entsha yobuciko, okuyinto ukuqonda kufinyeleleke yohlobo entsha abaculi ukuthi bakwazile ukusinda ekubandlululweni esidlule. Iziphi izici ukuhlukanisa umdwebo Russian ngalezo zinsuku? Ngokusho abamele Suprematism yikhono ukuqonda ezingeni eliphakeme yobuciko, ukufunda Dynamics kanye statics isikhala by ukunciphisa isikhala.