Venera Bottichelli - lizinga ubuhle. Umdwebo by Sandro Botticelli "Ukuzalwa Venus": incazelo, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

ISigungu esiphethe umbuso waseRoma unkulunkulukazi wothando nobuhle, Venus, kanye "dade" walo-Greek-Aphrodite, kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka ezihlatshelelwa izimbongi, Okugweda, abadwebi. Kunezinganekwane eziningi ngokuphathelene ezisekhona, kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yobuciko, ngalo njalo komculo irhuluphelo ubuhle isifazane. Futhi omunye yobuciko edume kakhulu, anikezelwe wakhe, yebo, iyona "Ukuzalwa Venus" ngu Sandro Botticelli. Ngakho, yini esiyaziyo lesi sithombe?

Botticelli ukuba "Venus"

Ngiyazi ukuthi lokhu akubona bonke, kodwa umsunguli we umdwebo abadumile kwabo kukhona nomuntu okwakuthiwa Alessandro Filipepi. Botticelli, wayesefile kakade ngasekupheleni, wathola isidlaliso, eyahunyushwa isuselwa izindlela Italian "le Keg", ngemva umfowabo omdala, ihlukile ukhuluphele fair. umdwebi Ikusasa omkhulu owazalwa ngo-Florence 1445 e-umshuki umndeni ekuqaleni ngafuna ukuba omunye othengisa. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka emibili engifundela ngesikhathi abakhandi wakhetha ukuya abafundi kumculi Phillippe Lippi. Ngo eshabhu lakhe, wahlala iminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba ahambe, futhi Sandro abasha baya Verrocchio.

Nokho eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1470, waqala ukusebenza ngokuzimela. Kuvulwe studio yakhe siqu, le nsizwa ngokushesha impela kwakuqala ukwanda kanye nokuqashelwa. Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo wathola inqwaba amaklayenti abanethonya, phakathi lapho kwakukhona umndeni Medici. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena uyakuthanda imibono Neo-Platonism, abe elikhulu emsebenzini wakhe. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1470 sika udumo wenza okungaphezu Botticelli Florence, futhi baya eRoma ukusebenza nemidwebo ye eSistine Chapel, eyayisanda kufika ngibe usaziwayo kulo lonke sibonga emhlabeni omunye ubuhlakani - Michelangelo. Ngaphambi kokufika umsebenzi wakhe wokuphila konke yayineminyaka emithathu kuphela.

Umdwebo umlando

"Ukuzalwa Venus" ngu Sandro Botticelli is kufanele kubhekwe ngobuciko Umdwebo emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sithombe ithwala eziningi izimfihlakalo. Okokuqala nje, akwaziwa ngubani ikhasimende yayo. Ngokusekelwe yokuthi Umdwebo lagcinwa ngesikhathi Castello villa eduze Florence, usesandleni Lorentso Di Pierfrancesco de 'Medici, a baxgeki amaningi ezisholo ukuthi ukhokhele umsebenzi. Ngokusho kwezinye izinguqulo, ikhasimende ekuqaleni kwaba umuntu ehluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa lesi sithombe, njengokuthi "Spring", okuzoxoxwa ngemva kwesikhashana, ngemva kwalokho lawela phansi Medici. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, asitholanga ubufakazi ukusekela lowo ekuqaleni ayeyalwe Umdwebo "Venus" by Botticelli.

incazelo

Painting web cishe 2 kuya ku-3 metres, yenziwa tempera upende ku-canvas. Lowo mdwebo owesifazane osemusha enqunu ukuma lolwandle e echibini futhi luyisibonakaliso Venus. Ngiya kwesobunxele zawonkulunkulu balo nezivunguvungu ngokusobala wasiza bhukuda wakhe, futhi kwesokudla - omunye umusa, washesha kuye ngengubo ebomvu ukufihla. Babalelwa ku-Venus izimbali (rose, anemones), ezansi umhlanga. Empeleni, akusiyo lokuzalwa, kodwa kunalokho ukufika unkulunkulukazi umhlaba.

kufanekisa

"Ukuzalwa Venus" - isithombe Botticelli, okuyinto zivame ukuliveza njengesibonelo, ethi mayelana nendlela abaculi ngobuciko indwangu yayo incazelo efihliwe. Kuyinto ikakhulukazi kubonisa ngokucacile ithonya nombhali Neo-Platonism - okufundisa, ngokuhlanganisa eminye imibono bobabili ubuKristu ebuqabeni. Thola abalingiswa ezilandelayo abahlukene kakhulu:

• Igobolondo, lapho kukhona Venus, kuba ifomu esimele esibelethweni zesifazane.
• Umoya ngesikhathi lwesokunxele isithombe (abanye ngisho siwathathe gelosi) ngesimo izibalo zamadoda nabesifazane zifanekisela ubunye nothando ngezokwenyama nezingokomoya.
• Ora Tallo (kwenye inguqulo - omunye azibeke) "wemfanelo 'entwasahlobo, okungukuthi ukuzalwa unkulunkulukazi senzeka ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka.
• Roses - uphawu baqaphela uthando.
• Cornflowers ku Izingubo azibeke - samuntu okuzala.
• Ivy futhi umbomvana emqaleni wakubonakalisa uthando nenzalo, ngokulandelana.
• Anemones ezinyaweni Grace - izimbali lonkulunkulukazi Venus, ngokuvumelana izinganekwane, iphuma izinyembezi ukuthi waletha lusizi ngemva kokufa lover wakhe Adonis.
• A umhlanga - uphawu wokuba nesizotha.
• Orange isihlahla ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla - uphawu lokuphila okuphakade.
• Ekugcineni, bobukhosi obomvu isembatho - emandleni aphezulu ukuthi pha ubuhle.

Njengoba singabona, umfanekiso lo mdwebo "Ukuzalwa Venus" ngu Sandro Botticelli iqukethe ngokwanele. Futhi lokho ongayisho eyaziguqula sibonelo main uhlamvu imidwebo?

imodeli

I kungenzeka ukhetho for indima unkulunkulukazi wothando kulokhu Simonetta Vespucci, e 1470 eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-16 ezazize kanye nomyeni wakhe ukuzokwenza Florence futhi kungakabiphi baba ubuhle yakhe yokuqala. Sandro cishe wayazi ngaphambi - kungcono oxhumana naye sekusondele nomkhaya wakhe ngoba abazali babo babehlala block ezayo. Imininingwane Qinisekile mayelana eduze kwenzeka kanjani ukuba umculi kanye imodeli, cha, kodwa ochwepheshe ngemisebenzi Botticelli bakholelwa ukuthi esikhathini bahlangana zonke Madonna futhi Venus zalotshelwa nalo.

Nokho, Simonetta wayeshadile, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, abalandeli bakhe babe izakhamuzi eziningi, kuhlanganise nethonya kakhulu. Omunye wabo - Dzhuliano Medichi, Lorenzo ungumfowabo omncane - ngisho kubhekwe lover wakhe, nakuba ubufakazi bokuthi imizwa zakhe babengekho kaPlato, akukho. Kungenzeka ukuthi usanda kushiya lady ekukhukhumaleni kwenhliziyo yakhe, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi wamukela.

Simonetta kungaba ugqozi abaculi ubuhle bayo ngaphezulu isikhathi sakhe, kodwa lapho eseneminyaka engu-23, ngo-1976, yena ebulawa isifo sofuba. Ukufa kwakhe kwaba lusizi bacishe bayifunda yonke Florence.

"Venus" by Botticelli yavela eminyakeni 9 kuphela ngemva kokufa kwakhe, futhi eqinisweni unkulunkulukazi ku wakhe fresh kangaka futhi emuhle. Umculi kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe wedwa, angikaze ngishade. Kubonakala sengathi Simonetta yakhe kuphela othandekayo wahlala, ithole ukungafi ngendwangu abadumile.

ukuphi

Okwamanje, wobuciko itholakala endaweni efanayo lapho wadala - Florence sika Uffizi Igalari. Ngokuvamile emhlabeni isithombe sonke isikhathi Sasiminyene, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi usengakwazi uthathe isikhashana cabanga kahle kokubili eduze futhi kude.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• "Spring" futhi "Venus" by Botticelli abe oqavile uhlobo olufanayo, kodwa zalotshelwa nge esingaba iminyaka engu-7.
• Lapho edala umculi Indwangu esetshenziswa ezintsha ngesikhathi sawo reception - Drobil Lapis lazuli for upende okwesibhakabhaka esetshenziswa on ngendwangu, hhayi ibhodi, unezela ukupenda ayimbijana amanoni, wahlanganisa nokwenqaba isithombe isikhuphasha egg, ukuze ifinyelele izinsuku zethu cishe yayinjalo .
• Olinganise futhi pose Venus libonisa ngokucacile ithonya ebaziwe zakudala zesiGreki, okuyinto canons babekwa Praxiteles futhi Poliklet.

ithonya kwamasiko

Umdwebo "Venus" by Botticelli - Umdwebo lokuqala esibonisa nqunu ngokuphelele sibalo zesifazane, esiqintini engasekelwa anikezelwe isono sokuqala. Futhi yena hola Lo msebenzi wobungcweti main futhi sigubha ubuhle ukuthi akudingi yini enye. Uma uqhathaniswa nezinye imisebenzi ngokuhlangenwe umculi, obuhambisana ikakhulukazi yenkolo, indaba kubonakala kuyisimanga. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka-ke, ngaphandle kule "Venus" sesilahlekelwe eziningi yobuciko emhlabeni, ngaphandle okuyinto namuhla akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucabanga umlando yobuciko.

Futhi namhlanje, "Venus" by Botticelli siyaqhubeka ugqozi abaculi, bezithombe kanye tinkhulumo. Wadala okusuke eziningi, kodwa yokuqala, owawusekelwe irhuluphelo ubuhle besifazane ingaba yinye kuphela.