Izinto Radioactive. izindawo Radioactive. radiative ukuphoqa

Ucwaningo emkhakheni izinqubo enemisebe namuhla uvumele ukuchaza ngokucacile usongo ezingase zizibangele. Ukunwetshwa bohlu izidakamizwa ethwele ingozi enemisebe, ephoqa isintu ukuba uzindle isibukezo imisebenzi yayo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Akunakwenzeka ukukhipha izinto zemvelo, okuyinto inanethonya ethize ku izicubu begazi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto ezinemisebe esakhini esithile futhi imithombo ihluke nomunye, okwenza isidingo sokuthola indlela umahluko ekutadisheni le nkinga.

Uyini Radioactive?

Zonke izici eliqukethe e isakhiwo kwayo lokuhlushwa radionuclides degree ezibucayi, angabhekwa enemisebe. amazinga ayingozi radionuclides kunqunywa amazinga emisebeni nokuphepha zenuzi. Indlela labafanelekako izikolo izingozi ezingaba khona izinsongo zamakhemikhali nezinto eziphilayo. Futhi, lunqume kungaba khona isotopes enemisebe. Iningi izinto kuleli qembu ine imvelaphi yokufakelwa, okungukuthi, atholwa ngendlela kwemiqondo. Ngenxa yalokho we ukuqoqwa chain reaction zama-athomu kungenzeka, ngenxa okuyinto ukusatshalaliswa isotopes kwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sikhungo izitshalo enuzi equkethe amanzi enemisebe noma naphakathi gaseous, ekuqaleni ukukhuluma kokupholisayo. Futhi, emisebeni ngokwayo libhekene nomsebenzi eliphezulu ezishisayo, okuyinto iyingozi ikakhulukazi inhlangano ukuthuthwa izinto radioactive.

emisebeni enemisebe

Ivula imisebenzi izinto ezinemisebe esakhini esithile livelile sibonga kokungathembeki emisebeni athize ngqo abathintekayo izinto zemvelo. Omunye ucwaningo lokuqala lolu hlobo, ikakhulukazi, wabonisa ikhono ukuze uthumele i-oksijini nosawoti yokuguga a-ozone isimo, okubangela ukuhwalala futhi kumiswa ukuqhekeka okuncane ingilazi. baphenye nzulu wembula futhi lanwetshwa uhla inqubo yemvelo esibandakanya emisebeni: ionization lomoya, odala amagagasi ukushisa, luminescence, amakhemikhali isenzo, njll Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi izinto ezinemisebe esakhini esithile ezibhekwa umthombo eqondile ingozi ... Emisebeni efanayo ithole indawo yayo enhlanganweni ekamelweni ionization, scintillation nokubala, kanye ekubhekaneni nezinkinga ezithile kwezobuchwepheshe zamagama organic. Kubuyeketa bendawo bakubheka kanjani ngokuvamile maqondana mkhuba enemisebe kwenzeka ngaphansi kwesimo lapho etadisha ngokujulile izinqubo ukuchayeka ionizing field kwezicubu begazi.

imithombo ngemisebe

Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ochwepheshe baye bathola eziningi imikhakha emithonjeni efana. Ikakhulukazi, kukhona imithombo yemvelo, zemvelo kanye emkhathini. Futhi esigabeni esiqinile zingahlanganiswa phakathi neqembu elilodwa, njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, isikhala emisebeni yelanga kuyavumelana isigaba imithombo yemvelo. Kodwa Ukuchayeka emisebeni yemvelo kuhilela sokuhlukanisa ku ngamaqembu ahlukene. Ngokuvamile, aqondakala njengoba izinqubo zobuchwepheshe, ukudalwa owawungumnyaka indoda ngokwayo, noma bayivusa umsebenzi wakhe. imithombo yemvelo enemisebe angase futhi zifakwe isigaba yemvelo, kodwa kulokhu cishe ibhekisela izinjongo imvelo. imithombo ezinjalo isotopes yokuguga isakhiwo odabuka yemvelo. Ngokuphathelene cosmic ngemisebe, walibumba is by izimbobo black, pulsars nezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene, okuyinto zenzeka Fusion izinqubo.

Ukuchayeka imfucumfucu enemisebe

Exposure kungenzeka ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo kanye zofuzo. Esimweni sokuqala lubonakaliswa inqubo yokuthola yemvelo amazinga eziningana. Ikakhulukazi, ngesikhathi yeselula, sub-amaselula kanye nezicubu. Nokho ngofuzo imihlola asalile umphumela emisebeni ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo ayihambi, isimiso sezakhi zofuzo ayitsintseki Ama-chromosomes e ocansini. izilonda ezinjalo zingase ukuzibonakalisa ayephuli ukukhula, buthaka namasosha omzimba futhi ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi. umphumela bofuzo enemisebe, kunalokho, uboniswa ezingeni ezinto zofuzo, ukuthuthukisa ushintsho impahla sitholwa njengefa. Ezimweni ezinjalo zikhona ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ukuthi kuthinte ukuthuthukiswa zomzimba.

nomthelela omuhle

Ucwaningo lubonisa ngemisebe izici evumayo of umthelela kwezicubu begazi. Kwenzelwe izidingo wezokwelapha emisebeni enemisebe kusho ngemithamo sakugcina nomthelela analgesic e rheumatism kanye sifo. Kwezinye izimo, kuye wakwazi ukufeza umphumela ezinkulu zokwelapha ekwelapheni. Sekuke kwaba khona imizamo ngemisebe izixazululo emthanjeni, okuyinto yasiza ekunciphiseni isibalo leukocyte. Noma kunjalo, iningi imisebenzi ezisebenzisa izinto ezinemisebe esakhini esithile ukuthi kumane zokuhlola. Futhi imiphumela emihle ukuchayeka kuthiwa akukaqondwa kahle ukuvumela ukusabalalisa ebanzi zindlela zokwelashwa.

ukungcoliswa umphumela

Nokho yagxila ukushayisana abaphenyi ahlale inkinga ukungcoliswa ngezinto enemisebe. Umnikelo esikhulu ukuze inqubo yokwenza iziteshi ezinkulu ezisebenza okwesikhathi fuel zenuzi. amabhizinisi Nuclear kusetshenzwe kwemfucumfucu enemisebe yenuzi, ukuqinisekisa yokungcwaba yabo. Kodwa hhayi ekuqedeni ubungozi uyavuza futhi izingozi eziletha ukungcola engalawuliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, enemisebe carbon dioxide igesi ngokuvamile elisetshenziswa ophendulayo efanayo kokupholisayo. Ukusetshenziswa Its buyafaneleka futhi ngenxa yezindleko ongaphakeme, kodwa osebenzelana gaseous, njengoba enjalo, kuba yingozi kakhulu ukuqhuma lwezinto zenuzi. Okuningi nkomoni ukungcola zendawo, ukulawula ukuthi kukhona izindlela ezikhethekile decontamination.

Kuyini into enemisebe?

Ukugcina izinto ezinemisebe esakhini esithile kudinga kudalwa ingqalasizinda ekhethekile. Kuhlanganisa ngemapholigoni, ukucutshungulwa izitshalo, izindawo isitoreji nokulahlwa izakhi eziyingozi anobuthi. Lona izinto radioactive, ngokuyinhloko igxile ukusebenza imfucuza enobungozi. Kodwa iziteshi amandla enuzi zifakwe eqenjini wamabhizinisi enemisebe.

isiphetho

izinhlangano Environmental kanye umkhakha ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo ekhethekile ikambiso asebenzelana ngayo izinto ezinemisebe. Ngokwesibonelo, namuhla izindlela ezifanele izitshalo esigcwele umjikelezo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inkampani ku amakhono abo recycles imfucuza enobungozi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona yemvelo imfucumfucu enemisebe ukuthi njalo uxhumane nomuntu. Banezinhliziyo ukukhanya ngaphakathi lamanani amukelekile futhi ungameli ngokuthi ingozi yempilo. Nokho, umahluko ophakathi kwala value normative futhi esibucayi boni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngesikhathi izimboni efanayo prophylaxis zisebenzisa njalo amadivaysi sokulinganisa radioactivity. Lezi zinyathelo afakiwe ohlwini imithetho yezempilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi abasebenza.