Izintaba Balkan: kwebalingisi ephelele

I Balkan zokhahlamba Stara Planina (Old Intaba) - ingenye enhle kunazo izinhlelo zokhahlamba zaseYurophu. Simazi izici zalo eziyisisekelo kanye nezici ehlukile.

Ukuhlola ezintabeni Old

Stara Planina (igama Serbian futhi Bulgarian kwegama indawo) - igama wesibili Balkan Izintaba aseBalkan, njengoba amaphayona ayebizwa kanjalo ngaphambili. Namuhla, igama yokugcina wanamathela bona iNhlonhlo Yamazwe AseBalkan. Ngo ezintabeni lasendulo lalibizwa ngokuthi Αἶμος, Latin - Haemus. Kubhekwe ohlelweni ngobukhulu entabeni isimo Bulgarian, ukuqhubeka entshonalanga zazo zingatholakala ensimini ka Serbia lanamuhla.

Intaba ububanzi uhlukanisa Bulgaria wesimanjemanje iNyakatho neNingizimu, ukweqa ezweni usuke entshonalanga uye empumalanga. Ngasekuqaleni Balkan Izintaba uhlukane enyakatho Moesia eningizimu eMakedoniya nase yaseThrace. Le zokhahlamba kuliragelo kwemvelo umakhelwane-Southern Carpathians emikhulu aphambana wesango lensimbi (olugcwele emlonyeni) ka elingaseMfuleni iDanube emngceleni Romania neSerbia.

Baphi Izintaba Balkan, kuba ngokushesha ecacile evela igama uhlelo entabeni - ukuthi unika igama kulo lonke nhlonhlo lapho itholakala. izixhumanisi onemininingwane: 43,2482 N, 25,0069 East. Ubude isamba zokhahlamba - 555 km. Izintaba Balkan ukuphakama ingeqi 2.376 kwamamitha - lena elinganiselwe sentaba esiphezulu Botev.

Izici Zabantu Stara Planina Ukhahlamba

Ibanga Balkan kwakheka Cainozoic okuqinisekile, sinezici eziningana esiwuphawu:

• izici Geological: Ezintabeni Balkan - kukhona parallel nomunye phezulu uma emikhulu bushelelezi. Ukwakheka wabo ngendlela elandelayo: granites Precambrian futhi Paleozoic futhi schists futhi conglomerates Mesozoic, flysch, sandstone limestone kanye Karst.
• impumuzo Incazelo: engxenyeni esenyakatho emithambekeni mnene uvezwa, okuyinto babe eduze yasehlanzeni Lower iDanube plain. Wik emikhulu, kunalokho, a emaweni futhi azimele.
• izici sezulu: izintaba ukukhonza njengephayona uhlobo odongeni-klimatorazdelom phakathi izifunda yasenyakatho naseningizimu Bulgaria. Combs wabo ukuqoqa kufika ku 800-1000 mm imvula ngonyaka; ezinyangeni ezimbalwa iziqongo ngonyaka amanga ngaphansi ofeleba iqhwa.
• Hydrography: Ezintabeni Balkan, ungathola umsuka imifula emikhulu njenge-Ogosta, Vit, Lom, Osam, Timok - kungakho embhedeni wabo amakhanda enyakatho kuya iDanube. Empumalanga Stara Planina kweqa Kamchia River valley, futhi entshonalanga - uMfula Iskar.
• Flora: I eziqongweni zezintaba - lokhu izigodi entabeni, izimfunda. Libhekene ezinomswakama emithambekeni enyakatho - a coniferous (pine amahlathi) noma beech, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, hornbeam amahlathi, njengoba ephakama 1700-1800 m ezifundeni empumalanga yezintaba Balkan embozwe ingubo obukhulu ihlathi lezihlahla, siluhlaza understory ezahlukene, inethiwekhi imivini ..
• Isizinda amaminerali: zamalahle lignite; iron, ithusi, phambili ne-zinc imikhando.

Umlando Nezanamuhla

Ngokokuqala ngqá igama Bulgarian-Serbian we Stara Planina Ukhahlamba sabhalwa ngo-1533. Emithambekeni esenyakatho Balkan Izintaba, izivakashi ungathola eziningi izikhumbuzo okuqondene inkathi isiBulgaria yavelonkhe yenkhululeko. Siqokomisa Freedom Isikhumbuzo. Izintaba zibuye bathole indawo yokuhlala zabo eziningi zezindela - Kremikovsky, Sokolsky nabanye.

I imithombo yamanzi amtoti yezintaba ku iNhlonhlo Yamazwe AseBalkan waba isisekelo sezinguqulo eziningi entabeni zokungcebeleka owaziwa - Ribaritsa, Varshets, Teteven, njll ezingengaphansi entabeni ethandwa futhi Steneto National Park futhi ebabazekayo sihamba :. Shipka, Petrohan, Virbishsky, Chureksky, Republic Pass kanye ensungubezini lomfula Iskar.

Western Stara Planina amumethe Karst, okwenza lezi zindawo Trekkers efuna ukujabulela amazing emihumeni Karst: Rabisha (ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana futhi bakudala idwala imidwebo), Ledenika, SYEVA-dupka nabanye.

Mount Botev

Iphuzu esiphezulu Balkan Izintaba Yumrukchalom ekuqaleni ngokuthi (ukuhumusha - Fist-entabeni). Eminyakeni emine (1942-1946) lalibizwa phezulu uFerdinand behlonipha le nkosi, yona wasukuma ukuze emvuthwandaba wako. Khona-ke aphinde iminyaka emine wayengumuntu isibhakela-entabeni, ngesikhathi 1950 akazange ukuthola ngegama lalo lamanje - nesibongo Hristo Botev, imbongi izinguquko kanye Bulgaria.

Kutholwe esiqongweni siteshi sethelevishini, umsakazo Botev, ogama amasignali ukumboza 65% wendawo isimo Bulgarian futhi esiteshini sezulu, okuyinto phakathi neMpi Yezwe II lathunjwa amaNazi futhi wasebenza ngezinhloso zabo. Namuhla, izivakashi odlule ungakhululeka bese ufihle kusukela sezulu, ukudla. Phezu kwezingange zawo abahambi unamathisele zingcwecwe mayelana okhuphukela yabo.

Izindawo Izintaba Balkan

Ngokuvamile, kuba ezintathu esifundeni Stara Planina:

• East. Kuyinto flat ingxenye, diverging ku iqhubezela ahlukene, omunye okuyinto Rig esiyingqayizivele Stara Planina. iphuzu Ezazimzungezile - kuyinto Cape Emine, iphuzu esempumalanga Balkan Mountains.
• Isilinganiso. Ephezulu kakhulu, endaweni enhle ezidumile aseBalkan, sihlukanisiwe nezinye ezimbili. umkhawulo wakhe Iron Gate (Vratnik) kanye Zlatishsky ukudlula. Kulapha vertices Botev Triglav Vejen, uphawu kukaSolomoni (Alec) Ambaritsa (Levski).
• West. It kuvela kusukela emngceleni Serbian luqhubeke kuze pass Zlatishskogo. Lapha ungajabulela phezulu Midžor.

Ezintabeni zakwa iNhlonhlo Yamazwe AseBalkan

Ngaphezu ezintabeni endala enhlonhlweni yilezi ezilandelayo izintaba zokhahlamba:

• Dinaric Alps - izifunda entshonalanga (eMontenegro, eCroatia, eBosnia naseHerzegovina).
• Pindos izintaba - eseningizimu nje edlule (Macedonia, Albania, Greece).
• Rila entabeni - enyakatho (Bulgaria), kusebenza kubo iphuzu esiphezulu Balkan Peninsula - imitha-2925 bafinyelela inani eliphakeme labangu Musala.
• Rhodope Izintaba, eseningizimu akhelene Aegean Sea.
• Pirin - izintaba ohlobo alpine.

Ngakho, Stara Planina - akulona uhlelo entabeni kuphela iNhlonhlo Yamazwe AseBalkan. Kodwa kwaba yena owanika igama yokugcina, kwaba esona kunethonya elikhulu phezu sezulu eBulgaria.