I-UAZ 300 yamaloli: izimpawu

Imoto yomnotho kazwelonke kanye nomkhakha we-UAZ 300 iyilori elisha le-post-war elakhiwe yi-Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant ngo-1949 njengendlela eyisibonelo neyethembayo. Ukusuka kwezinye izisebenzi zaseSoviet, wayevezwa yi-design eyithakazelisayo neyinkimbinkimbi ye-cabin, isakhiwo sokuqala nokubekwa kwamaphiko namahholo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Konke okunye, imoto yaqedwa ngemininingwane eyenziwe yi-Soviet imboni yezimoto ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, iloli lombuso omusha lalinemishini yamandla kagesi ezine-cylinder, amandla angama-50 amahhashi kanye nebhobho lezinjini ezine ezinejubane, ayelizuza njengeGAZ.

Amaqiniso omlando

Ngemuva kwempi, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kwaqhutshwa ngokugcwele eMelika, kwakudingeka izimoto ukuthutha izimpahla ezihlukahlukene, izingxenye zokwakhiwa kwezigayo, imigwaqo nezakhiwo zezimboni. Ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-1 tonne yemishini efanelekayo yokukhiqizwa kwekhaya kwakungeyona. Le niche kwakufanele ithathe i-UAZ 300. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto kuhileleke iqembu lonke lokuklama, lapho ngamunye ayebhekene nesistimu ethile noma i-node.

Ukuze kuphuthumise inqubo yokwakha iloli elikhanyayo, kunqunywe ukuyibopha ngezinye izingxenye ezivela ezimotweni zokukhiqiza ezikhona. Ngenxa yalokho, imoto yayinezinjini ezivela emotweni ethi "Ukunqoba", nokumiswa kwavela engxenyeni yeJaroslavl ihlanganisa i-YaAZ-200.

Isitshalo se- Ulyanovsk asinakho imishini ecacile, evumela ukuthi amaphesenti angama-100 aqaphele imibono eyithakazelisayo yabathuthukisi be-UAZ 300. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ibhokisi legiya lahlanganiswa esitshalweni saseGorky. I-pancake yokuqala yayiyisicebo, ngoba ngenxa yokusheshisa kokulethwa kwezinto ngesikhathi, akukho abakhiqizi be-checkpoint, noma abasebenzi base-Ulyanovsk, abatholanga ama-shavings ebhokisini legiya. Ngenxa yalokho, yaqhuma, kwakudingeka idubule futhi ihlise i-node. Ukuhlolwa kabusha kwaphumelela kakhulu, futhi ngoNovemba 7, isizukulwane esisha esihle samahle-49 saya ekubonisweni.

Izici Eziyinhloko

I-UAZ 300, iloli elingangeni ekukhiqizeni okukhulu. Iqembu eliklanyelwe lahlakazwa, futhi isitshalo saqala ukukhiqiza ezinye izimoto. Imoto yayine-hood ehambisana ne-radiator, amaphiko ahlanganiswe ngokufanele ne-cabin-metal yonke ye-GAZ-51, eyathatha isikhundla se-GAZ-MM.

Izici ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe:

• Isitshalo samandla - injini yephethiloli enezingqimba ezine, in-line, carburetor.
• Amandla we-UAZ 300 (hp) - 50.
• I-gearshift ibhokisi le-gear ibhukwana lemine.
• I-unit suspension - ngaphambili nangemuva kohlobo lwentwasahlobo.
• Ukuphatha amandla (t) - kufika ku-1,5.
• Isisindo (t) - 1.
• Uhlobo lwephethiloli - uphethiloli A-66.
• Amasondo angaphambili nangemuva kohlobo olufanayo.

Ngokuphelele, izinhlobonhlobo eziyisithupha zenzelwe ukubukwa komphakathi, okuqala kokubili okwethulwa ukuguqulwa kwenguquko kaNovemba.

Ukuguqulwa

Umsunguli we-UAZ 300, ogama lakhe elivumela ukuthi lihlelwe njengamaloli alula, kungathathwa njengesampula yokuhlola UL'SIS NATI-253. Le moto yasungulwa ngo-1944. Iloli lakhiwa futhi lilungiselelwe ukukhululwa ngokuvumelana nenkontileka ephethwe yi-Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant kanye nokukhathazeka kwe-American General Motors.

Imoto yayinezinjini ezimbili ze-diesel ezinamandla angu-83. I-specimen enolwazi kufanele ihlonishwe nje kuphela ngokuklama kwendawo yokuhlala, i-hood kanye namaphiko, kodwa futhi ngokuhlelwa kwesimanje. Eqinisweni, iningi lama-aggregates nezingxenye zazivele zibolekwe ezifanisweni ezingenisiwe, ingxenye encane yezingxenye zakhiwe esitshalweni se-NATI.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-UAZ 300 yokuqala, ukuguqulwa kwenzelwe ngaphansi kwe-index 302. Amandla ayo okuphatha ayeyi-1.5 amathani. Futhi, imoto yayihlome uhlaka oluqinisiwe namasondo angemuva. Naphezu kokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo kokubili ukuhluka, lesi sitshalo sasingenawo izindawo zokukhiqiza ezanele zokuqalisa la malori kulolu chungechunge.

Isivivinyo sokuhlola

Ukuhlolwa komgwaqo u-UAZ 300 okokuqala kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-1950, kanye nomfowabo "onomthwalo" olinganiselwe ngaphansi kwe-302. Azange awele ngemuva kwabo futhi ukuhluka kwesithathu - iGAZ-MM. Zonke izinguquko zohlolo zihambisane nesithunzi. Ngonyaka olandelayo, kwakhiwa amapulani amakhulu ukuze kuqedwe ukulungiswa kokugcina kwemishini.

Kodwa imibono efinyelele kakhulu ayifuni ukugcwaliseka. Ngokwe-Nombolo 297 ka-03.07.1951 kwaphawulwa ukuthi umnyango wokuklama kwakuzohlakazwa. UMkhandlu Wezangqongqoshe WeSoviet Union wakhipha isimemezelo ngokusho ukuthi isitshalo se-Ulyanovsk sasivuselelwa kanjani ekukhiqizeni iziteshi ze-radar (iziteshi zomsakazo).

Kwakungeyona isiphetho somshini ocatshangelwe ukuthi ube yunithi ye-serial. Ngokuphathelene nesitshalo ngokwaso, emva kwesikhathi esithile sabuyela ekukhiqizeni izimoto (ngo-1954). Kodwa manje kuthuthukile ngokuphelele. Phakathi kwabo, indawo ekhethekile ihlala ngabamele abakwaGAZ-69 brand.

Iqoqo leqembu

Ithimba labathuthukisi laliholwa ngumklami omkhulu uM I. I. Kozakov. Injini ngayinye yayinesibopho sokuklama nokuthuthukiswa kwe-node ethile noma isifunda. Isibonelo, i-IF Safinov yayinesibopho sokuklama i-braking unit, ukulawulwa kokuqondisa kwakungaphansi kokuqondiswa kweenjiniyela VA Lisov. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaklami ababili ngesikhathi esisodwa basebenza ndawonye: I. Kh. Pakhter no-V. S. Menchov.

Abakhiqizi u-UAZ 300, injini eyavela emotweni ye-serial "Victory", yayifuna ukudala iloli eliyingqayizivele, elihlukile kwezinye izifaniso. Ngenxa yalokhu, imodeli yenziwa kwi-Gorky Automobile Plant ngokwayo. Nokho, ngokufanayo, bavuma ukubukeka kwangaphandle okuhlongozwa abasebenzi base-Ulyanovsk: u-Ermilov, uB Bogdanovich, iStarostin noKhlipkov. Ngemuva kokuvunywa kwephrojekthi, ithimba lokwakha kanye nabasebenzi balesi sitshalo babhekana nomsebenzi ngomoya weSoviet - ukwenza imoto ukugubha usuku lovuko.

Ukuqedela

Naphezu kwezikhathi ezilukhuni emva kwempi, abaklami bezimoto bathole izindlela nezindlela zokuthuthukisa izimoto ezintsha. Futhi, ngaleso sikhathi, benza kahle. Enye into ukuthi kwakungekho okwanele izingxenye zokungcebeleka zokuqala kanye namakhono okukhiqiza, okuphathelene nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo eziningi ezivaliwe noma eziqhwaqwe.

Ngaphambi kokuba abathuthukisi babe nomsebenzi wokuvuselela nokuthuthukisa izinga "lorry" elijwayelekile, futhi babhekana kahle nomsebenzi wabo, bethola amathuba atholakalayo. Uma siqhathanisa amandla ka-UAZ 300 (i-hp ngamayunithi angu-50), kungaphawulwa ukuthi kuloli lori kwakungenzeka ukuthutha izimpahla zomyalelo we-1000-1200 kilogram, futhi ku-version ngcono ye-UAZ 302 - kuze kube ngamathani angama-half. Ukukhiqizwa kwemiklamo yalezi zithombe kungenza umthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni umnotho kazwelonke, kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenzeke.