Momordica: ukutshalwa nokunakekela ekhaya, izithombe

Ezingavamile okungavamile Ifana nozibuthe edonsela balimi, abatshali kanye nabalimi. Uphayinaphu, kakhukhunathi, orange futhi kugcwele izihlahla zikalamula - konke lokhu sekuvame emakhaya ethu nezindawo zokuhlala. Kodwa, kholwa yimi, isikhathi emhlabeni izitshalo musa usukhathele kusimangaze. Nakani umvini asezindaweni ezishisayo igama engavamile "Momordica". Ukukhulela emzini Exotic kungenzeka, eqinisweni, ungathola izithelo ezimangalisayo futhi ezidliwayo. Funda isihloko ngesidingo lokhu.

uhlobo

Lolu hlelo olunesihloko esithi "Momordica" wawuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe izitshalo okuqondene Cucurbitaceae umndeni futhi kuhlanganisa mayelana 20 zilwane. Bonke bangabangasokile zisetshenziswa kanye yonyaka imivini ezishisayo likhula ese-Australia, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Etshalwayo futhi kabanzi esetshenzisiwe kubhekwe izinhlobo ezimbili: Momordica charantia futhi cochin china.

Momordica charantia

bomdabu Lonyaka umvini emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo-Asia. It is kutshalwa emhlabeni wonke ezindaweni kushisa. Lesi sitshalo sikhula kuze 4 amamitha amathathu ubude, has a 5 emaceleni stem obukhulu cirri elula anemifantu longitudinal. Ihamba ifomu zokuhlobisa laphetha, ngokujulile dissected ku obuphelele petiole 1 kuya ku-7 cm, ophuzi imbali, a-isigcebe sembali ezinhlanu. Izindlela ezihlukahlukene izithelo nge anolaka ebusweni, warts kanye imibimbi - uyinto okuyiwona zenani momordica. ekhaya Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kungenzeka nge ukudalwa izimo ezimbili eziyinhloko - izibani okuhle kanye nokushisa.

Izithelo abe ukunambitheka ababayo. Ukuze ayibulale, basuke ofakwe amahora ambalwa emanzini anosawoti. Khona-ke, nesitshulu zemifino, abilisiwe okusemathinini. It has izici ezivelele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-beta-carotene e Momordica izikhathi 2 ngaphezu kwe-broccoli.

Momordica cochin china

Ngo-Vietnam, futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i "hook". ekhuphuka Lonyaka isitshalo namahlamvu emithathu ehlukene kanye ezinkulu ifomu izithelo ellipsoid. It ngenkuthalo lisetshenziswe yendabuko imithi Oriental ngenxa yokuqukethwe eliphezulu izinto ezihlukahlukene: carotene, glycosides, lycopene, sapotoksina, tocopherol, kubalulekile fatty acid. Kuyinto 15 ngaphezulu izikhathi-beta-carotene kuka izaqathi abavamile. Simila ezindaweni eningizimu belingana umbono odlule.

momordika ezikhulayo izimo ezifanayo kuyo zemvelo, ngokwengxenye enkulu ukusungulwa kalula egumbini, emphemeni, phezu ithala, ku somculo, futhi ngisho ekhanyayo (ezindaweni eningizimu). Ngaphezu izinzuzo ezingokoqobo isithelo salowo muthi, nawe uthole injabulo yobuhle kusukela imivini enhle namahlamvu ezinkulu futhi izimbali elimnandi.

Khulisa lokhu sitshalo exotic akuyona njengoba kunzima njengoba kungase kubonakale efika kuqala, imishini yezolimo kuleli cala kufana ncamashí isihlobo salo - ithanga kanye zucchini. Okwamanje, kukhona amaphuzu ambalwa kufanele ukuba unake.

ukwelashwa imbewu

Quality zokutshala impahla kusuka nomkhiqizi okunokwethenjelwa - lena lapho kufanele uqale, kungenjalo ikhule ngemuva kokulinda isikhathi eside wayengekho momordica. Ukutshala nokunakekela ekhaya iqala ukulungiswa kanye seeding. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu ngokwanele ezinkulu (1.1-1.5 cm ubude futhi 1 cm ububanzi) kanye igobolondo obukhulu obukhulu. Ifomu imbewu ploskookrugloy ne imiphetho jagged kanye evele anolaka. Ukuze ziqhume ngempumelelo zidinga scarification, isb ezilimele udonga lwangaphandle eqinile nakho ngeke kusize athutha. Ngenxa yalesi Inibhu imbewu deda lokukhuhla, ukuze amanzi lwangena ngaphakathi ngokushesha futhi ivulekile ngokukhululekile.

Khona-ke, faka impahla ukutshala njengegazi isisombululo amnyama potassium permanganate 3-4 amahora. Lokhu ngeke kuphela disinfects, kodwa futhi kuvusa ukuhluma nokuthuthukiswa. Ngemva ukulungiselela sawdust olumanzi (engcono kakhulu yokuzisebenzisa esitsheni ngesivalo, ezifana, isibonelo, kusukela ikhekhe) nendawo kuzo imbewu zihambisana ngendwangu. Thatha endaweni efudumele (+24 ... + 25 ° C) kuze ukuhluma. Lezi zimo neqhaza cishe 100% ukuhluma. Momordica (ukutshala kanye nokugcinwa kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe ngemuva kwalokhu) kubhaklazeka ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso izinsuku 2-3.

izithombo ezikhulayo

Uma imbewu dweba, masinyane kufanele ayifake ukulungele inhlabathi ingxube. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izimbiza ahlukene nge ububanzi of mayelana 10 cm. Gcwalisa nabo umhlabathi esitolo (ungasebenzisa ekhethekile zokutshala) noma pre-okulungiselelwe ngokuzimela. Ukuze lokhu ukuxubana endaweni isilinganiso 1: 1: 1: 0.5 leaf umhlabathi, Peat, humus kanye isihlabathi ngokulandelana. ukujula zokutshala -. 1.5 cm pre-uthele inhlabathi, uwafake emphethweni ke ufafaze umhlabathi owomile. amabhodwe eziphezulu polythene eduze wafaka endaweni efudumele. Kuzothatha izinsuku ezingu-3-4 ukuze momordica lihluma. Ukukhula ekunakekeleni izithombo ku lula esikhathini esizayo.

Umhlabathi kufanele kugcinwe esimeni ezimanzi, kodwa akusho ukugcwalisa. Izitshalo sokuthuthukiswa egcwele kumelwe ahlale ezingeni lokushisa okungenani +20 ° C. Ngezikhathi (izikhathi 2 ngenyanga) izithombo avundiswa necebo yezimbiwa kanye nemikhiqizo organic ngokulandelana. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngesikhathi ukukhula zikamanyolo amazinga isicelo imivini ezimweni Igumbi ubale ngokuhambisana ivolumu ikhoma zobumba. Landela umthamo ncamashi, kungenjalo ungakwazi bashise izimpande.

Momordica: ukutshalwa nokunakekela ekhaya

Guqula ukuze yisithombo imbiza Kunconywa ngokokuqala ke ifinyelela ukuphakama 25 cm. Lungiselela umthamo emikhulu kanye ukufakelwa Momordica. Ngokushesha banakekele nendawo ekahle yokuqhubela wakhe efulethini noma emphemeni. Qaphela ukuthi lesi sitshalo akakubekezeleli umthunzi, kodwa ilanga elikhanyayo ukukhanya. Lungiselela trellis kanye usekelo imivini. Nge ukuthuthukiswa efanele kanye nokukhula nesisodwa uyakwazi eluka polbalkona okungenani.

Uma umgomo wakho - ukuthola isivuno ke ukushwaqa umqhele akufanele kube. Ukuze ezingeni 50 cm ususe wonke amahlumela side, bese ushiyela stem main 2-3. Njengoba masinyane njengoba they uqale ukusetha izithelo, ithiphu kufanele prischipnut (by Isifaniso ne ukutshala ithanga). Izimbali ngesikhathi imivini kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ngakho ukwakheka esibelethweni kudinga impova. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lo msebenzi wenziwa izinambuzane e impova yokufakelwa kumele adluliselwe nge ibhulashi. Ukunisela phakathi nezinsuku ashisayo kanye nsuku zonke ophanayo, ngosuku esinamafu - njengoba kudingeka.

Izifo kanye izinambuzane

Nge ikhukhamba ngisho amakhabe momordica (ukutshala kanye nokugcinwa, isithombe umbhalo) kufana ngezindlela eziningi. Kubandakanya ukuchayeka ezifweni ezithile kanye izinambuzane, okuyilezi: powdery isikhutha, bola elimhlophe, okulimaza amagciwane aphid. Ngokuvamile imbangela emoyeni kome kakhulu. izitshalo Homeland - ezishisayo, lapho emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kuhlangene okusezingeni eliphezulu nomswakama ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo olufuthwe njalo ebusuku noma ekuseni, wagqoka emphemeni esitsheni ngamanzi, okuyinto kancane kancane ngeke shabalala. Esinye isizathu kungenzeka - the senhliziyo lokushisa ukuvimbela ke, zama ukulondoloza value nsuku zonke isilinganiso +20 ... + 25 ° C, izinga lokushisa lingaphansi 10 ° C momordika kakhulu yingozi.

Amakhemikhali izocubungulwa zisebenzisa kuyafana for ikhukhamba: "itopazi", "Quadris", "EDC", "Tiovit Jet" nabanye.

Harvest kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo

Momordica, ukutshala nokunakekela engesiyo uyinkimbinkimbi othela isithelo-like ezimangalisayo ukuma nombala wazo, futhi ukunambitheka. Ukuqoqa Kunconywa izinsuku zabo 8-10 emva ukuvela, okwamanje abazi okwamanje ukufutheka isici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhuthaza ukwakhiwa obengeziwe amaqanda. izithelo eziningi kakhulu buthakathaka simila. Harvest ingasetshenziswa ngokubona kwayo - ukupheka, sikadali, amanzi okugqumisa. Nambithani izintandokazi zihlukile, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi ufana yemifino marrows angavamile.

Izithelo kabanzi ikakhulukazi Sino-Tibetan abantu imithi ukwelapha anhlobonhlobo izifo: izifo zenhliziyo, ukusha, izilonda, isifo sikashukela, ukwehlisa cholesterol nokunye ..

Momordica: ukutshala nokunakekela Urals

Umbuzo ka-ukuthi kungenzeka zikhule njengamaqanda Exotic ezonini maphakathi kanye Urals, kuvamile. Ngokuphathelene indlela ngenhla echazwe ekhaya, khona-ke, ngomqondo obanzi esihambelana noma iyiphi indawo zezulu, uma umnotho ukushisa nokukhanya. Nokho, njengoba umkhuba nesipiliyoni abalimi, Momordica esifundeni esise-Ural zingatshalwa endle noma zokugcina izithombo.

It isetshenziswa yisithombo indlela. Ngo evulekile izitshalo emhlabathini zitshalwa at ibanga 50-70 cm kusuka komunye nomunye lapho kusungulwa ngobusuku obubodwa efudumele (ubuncane 15 ... + 17 ° C). ukunakekelwa ephakeme kuhilela ziba ngcono, okuhlanganisa kuya trellis kanye ukuthambisa avamile luningi.