Izimpi eyinhloko iMpi Northern - amaphuzu turning emlandweni Russian kanye zaseYurophu

Omkhulu Northern neMpi ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII, lapho uthi eziningi enyakatho Yurophu beye bahileleka ngezinga elikhulu kuthonywa isimo geopolitical futhi ukuqhubeka lonke izwekazi. Izimpi eyinhloko iMpi Northern kwaholela ukunqotshwa okubuhlungu Empire Swedish. nokubusa State phakathi namakhulu eminyaka eScandinavia, emazweni aseBaltic kanye yonkana enyakatho yeYurophu, ungalokothi ukuba bathole amandla kabusha yayo yangaphambili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izimpi eyinhloko iMpi Northern okwaholela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili ukuvelela Empire Russian endaweni ezanele umbuso wendawo eMoscow. Ngenxa yalokhu kungaboni ngaso linye, futhi-ke, sibonga inqubomgomo umbusi wokuqala wombuso Russian emazweni aseBaltic nasengxenyeni aye aqinisa, emachwebeni of eNorth Sea futhi ngokokuqala yazuza lasolwandle enamandla. Nokho, kule mpi akuyona iyaphumelela njalo ngoba amabutho eMoscow. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigabeni sokuqala empini waphumelela kakhulu Sweden. Kodwa lapho kwakukhona khona lezi zikhathi kubalulekile? Lapho kwenzeka impi esemqoka besizukulwane seMpi Northern? Izimpendulo kulo mbuzo zingase zishintshe kakhulu. Ukuchitheka yadonsa amashumi amabili eminyaka yonke - kusukela 1700 kuya 1721. Futhi kufanele ukwaba izimpi eziningana eziye zaba nethonya elikhulu emlandweni Russia, e-Europe ne-emhlabeni wonke.

Izimpi eyinhloko iMpi Northern

Battle of Narva

Le mpi yaba Ukungqubuzana wokuqala omkhulu wamabutho Russian isiSwidi. Ngo-August 1700, uKarl XII amandla ukukatelela umaluju we azihlanganisa Russian Denmark futhi enze ukuthula naye. Ngemva kwalokhu kunqoba, amabutho Swedish baqale ukumasha elisenyakatho inqaba Russian e Narva futhi maphakathi no-November, eyonqoba. Lokhu ukunqotshwa itholé backwardness enamandla isimo Russian ngokuya ezempi kanye nezomnotho. Leli zwe on the esengozini onqobayo. Nokho, kufinyelelwe iziphetho ezinembile ethathelwe ukuthi lokho kunqotshwa wasiza ubuholi Russian isikhathi esifushane ukuze silulame ke.

Le mpi esemqoka besizukulwane seMpi Northern

Kuphi futhi nini lokho na? Kuzwe nohlelo lwethu ezikhathini ezithize, akungabazeki, kuyinto owaziwa Battle of Poltava. Ngu 1709 abaseSweden hhayi kuphela wakwazi ukuthutha kude eningizimu yezwekazi, kodwa futhi lakhishwa impi eziningi umbimbi uPetru wehlelwe yini. Okokuqala, sikhuluma Saxony nePoland. wonke Umthwalo ngeziqu zamehlo sitha esinamandla yawela emahlombe Russia. umkhankaso Swedish ezweni bendawo baqala entwasahlobo ka 1708 kungenzeka asikho isidingo ukuphinda waphinda, ukuthi yaphela Battle of Poltava. Manje sibizwa zonke wesikole. Kodwa lokho kubalulekile, sekuwumkhuba senguquko ingxabano, ngemva kwalokho ibutho Russian wakwazi ukuthutha enkundleni yemidlalo yase-impi kusukela e-Ukraine beya emazweni aseBaltic.

Gangut impi

Ngo-1714 lapho usana Russian imikhumbi wazuza ukunqoba zayo zokuqala wokugaklazeka eCape Hanko. Eqinisweni, ngemva kwalokhu ukunqotshwa, isinyathelo okuhlaselayo oke aye amabutho uPetru.

ukulwa Gregamsky

Ngo 1720, lwemikhumbi abasha Russian iwine omunye lanqoba at Greg isiqhingi. Sweden, wanqoba ngaphambili ezweni, futhi manje ngoxhaxha wahlula, waphoqeleka ukuba ukuthula. Ngakho, izimpi eyinhloko iMpi Northern okwaholela okuthiwa Nystadt Ukuthula Treaty (ngaphansi igama lomuzi lapho ngemvume), okwaphumela umusa imfucuza Russian Umkhawulo wama-Sea babeza besuka eRiga Vyborg, okuyinto yaba namandla zasolwandle.