Izikhungo Microfinance - kuyini? Imisebenzi ezikhungweni microfinance

Izidingo abamele umphakathi wanamuhla ngokuvamile zidinga izindleko eziphathekayo kanye nokutshalwa. Yiqiniso, akuzona zonke imali owakhileyo ezingeni eliphezulu awanele ukuhlawulela izono iyiphi izidingo ngaphandle izisetshenziswa ezingeziwe. Kulokhu, futhi kukhona langempela izikhungo microfinance. Lezi zinkampani unike amandla ukubolekisa elula fast.

Yini okufanele kuqondwe izikhungo microfinance

Kukhona izakhiwo eziningi ezahlukene, ngenhloso okuyinto ukuqaliswa ukuthengiselana ehlukahlukene yezezimali. Ukukhishwa wesikweletu noma imali-mboleko yendlu - ingenye imisebenzi ezivame kakhulu izinkampani ezinjalo. Ekuphenduleni umbuzo "microfinance inhlangano - kuyini lokho?" Kuyaphawuleka yokuthi elandelayo: imisebenzi izinhlangano ezinjalo cishe ngokuphelele efana yasebhange. Umehluko itholakala elawula uhlelo ukusebenza imithetho nokulungisa esekelwe okuyinto izinkampani ukuqhuba enjalo Ukukhishwa izindlela.

Eqinisweni, microfinance ihloselwe ukunikeza ezihlukahlukene amasevisi ezifanelekayo nosomabhizinisi ukuvula ibhizinisi labo, futhi umuntu osesilinganisweni emgwaqweni. Inzuzo izinkampani ezifana ukuthi bakwazi ukunikeza ezinye imali ngaphandle Umlando wokukhokha kwemali, futhi imihlangano eminingi ezenzekayo emabhange. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthola imali kalula ezikhungweni microfinance. Kubalulekile ukuqonda iqiniso ezilandelayo: imisebenzi nezinhlangano ezifana kusekelwa isimo, okuyinto kunomthelela oqonde ngqo kwi izinga ukwethembela kwabo. Ngakho-ke, labo ngokuzibuza imibuzo ephathelene nokuthi MFIs zinokwethenjelwa, ukuthi kuyini nokuthi ingabe kubalulekile ukusebenzisa la masevisi, ungakwazi ngokuphepha isebenza kulezi izakhiwo ngoba ezisemthethweni ngokuphelele.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokwethenjelwa

Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu ukunquma ukuthi noma cha ukuthemba inkampani ethile, wahlanganyela micro-loans - iwukuya uhlu lwezinhlangano ukuthi iphrofayela. Ungenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa izinsizakalo ejensi yokulinganisela, isibonelo, "Isazi RA". Ukwaziswa okunjalo kuyokusiza ukuba uthole ukuthi yini inkampani ngokukholwa okuhle ukufeza izibopho zayo wezimali esikuwo.

Inani lale kuhlolwa ukuthi izimele, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umgomo futhi ngenxa yalokho, ibonisa isimo sangempela. Ngakho-ke, abazidebeseleli isilinganiso ngabanye izinkampani ezisebenza micro-loans format.

Yini okufanele ukwazi townsfolk

Okokuqala, wonke inkampani iwela isigaba izinhlangano microfinance, kuyongenwa ku-Register State. Ukuze anqume ukuthi bukhona kwakuwukuthi sokubhalisa, kubalulekile ukuba uvakashele iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Bank of Russia, lapho idatha itholakala mahhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokho akusho ubuhlungu ukuyovakashela ehhovisi ethile MFI sika. Lokho kukhona kufanele ibekwe isitifiketi sokubhalisa ku-Register State.

Ulwazi olubalulekile ku nezibopho ezikhona

Eqinisweni, noma yimaphi izinhlangano microfinance uhulumeni kanye nezinkampani ezizimele banesibopho ezithile ikhasimende:

• MFI ngamunye kufanele usebenzise lapho elikhiphe ukubolekisa ifomu tabular yesivumelwano zinjalo.
• Noma yimuphi inkampani unesibophezelo ukumemezela kumakhasimende ayo izindleko egcwele credit sivunyiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isakhamuzi ngasinye unelungelo ukwazi ukuthi iphesenti ke kuyodingeka bakhokhe phakathi naso sonke isikhathi ekuvuthweni. Lolu lwazi kuyasiza kakhulu lapho ukhetha isiphakamiso ukhonkolo. Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuthi ngesikhathi ukusayina inkontileka, isibonelo, yabathengi credit, inani layo Imininingwane ayikwazi ukudlula inani eliyisilinganiso ebalwe Bank of Russia, abangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu.
• Isizathu ukwethemba MFI ethile kuba okuningi uma omunye izinhlangano enemitheshwana (ulwazi ubulungu ngokuvamile itholakala kwi-website esemthethweni inkampani).
• MFI ngamunye udinga ukunikeza amakhasimende ayo isikhathi sokunquma (izinsuku 5).

Ngaphandle umbuzo "microfinance inhlangano -? Kuyini", Kuyasiza baqonde okushiwo a microloan. Eqinisweni, it is a loan ukuthi ingeqi 1 million. Ruble. Thola esilinganayo ngesikweletu migomo izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, osomabhizinisi ngabanye kanye nabantu.

izinhlobo microloans

Zonke ukubolekisa esinika MFI zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana. Kufanele kuqale microloan umthengi. It yenzelwe abantu abadinga ethile ukumboza izidingo zabo siqu. ukubolekisa Iningi lolu hlobo zikhishwa izinyanga kuze kufinyelele 6, nakuba kwezinye izimo ukukhokhelwa by izitolimende kanye eminyakeni engu-2.

Microloans ngamakhasimende osomabhizinisi, anqunyelwe 1 mln. Ruble abelwe izinjongo ezihlobene ukuvulwa, ukugcina nokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi abo. loan eside kuleli cala zokhahlamba kusuka 1 kuya 3 iminyaka. Isibambiso cishe ze pha, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ukwakha uhlu oluphelele imibhalo ecelwe MFI.

Kukhona futhi micro-loans, eyenzelwe ngesikhashana esifushane kakhulu, futhi zikhishwa ukuze ngabanye. Ngosizo lezi loans ziyaxazululwa nezindaba ezihlobene izindleko ezingalindelekile noma, isibonelo, ukubambezeleka iholo. Lokhu kubolekisa ngemali zikhishwa ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa banayo enkulu kunezinye.

MFIs eRussia

Manje CIS micro-credit useye waba ngaphezu ethandwa. Lokhu kungenxa amaqiniso efana okwandisa izimo stringency lapho amabhange uyavumelana umboleke, kanye nokwanda okuphawulekayo emnothweni isithunzi. ababoleka abaningi abalibheki nokubambisana olufanele emabhange ujike amathuba microcredit.

Uma banake izikhungo microfinance eRussia futhi ekuqaleni nemisebenzi yabo, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kweSikole MFI yasungulwa ngo-2010. Kuyinto lo mthetho avunyelwe ababoleka nezinhlangano wesikweletu isebenze ngokomthetho.

Umsebenzi kokwengamela MFIs e Central Bank ithoma ukusebenzisa, isicelo kubo kuphela standard 2 ukhiye: zezimali kanye capital nokwanela.

Umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ukuthi bayakufanelekela ukwazi

Ukuze uvikele amabhizinisi amancane emphakathini ubuqili, umthetho owaphasiswa obanqabelayo emisebenzini yabo microfinance izikhungo: womama dolobha asisakwazi indlela buyiselo.

Umthengi ama cooperatives futhi ithole ukuthi uzoyisebenzisa isikhathi esingakanani. Abakwazi sisebenze inhlokodolobha umzali kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi usebenze iminyaka engu-3. Izinyathelo ezinjalo nomnqopho owodwa elula - ukunciphisa iphesenti izikimu zokukhwabanisa. Abaningi MFIs womama dolobha athathwa ngokungemthetho (951 amacala). Imikhuba enjalo emthethweni kufanele akunandawo emakethe yezimali.

Labo wabikezela ukuthi izikhungo microfinance izovalwa, nakuba kudingeka sibekezelele yokuthi okuphambene - lezi zinkampani zizoqhubeka ukusebenza.

Yini enye esingayenza ukunikela MFI

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imisebenzi ezikhungweni microfinance akugcini ukuhlinzekwa imalimboleko. Kaningana, MFI ayoyiletha nezakhamuzi osomabhizinisi ithuba ukutshala izimali ayo ngaphansi kumaphesenti athile. Kodwa ngenkathi lolu hlobo utshalomali ezocatshangelwa umnikelo okungalungile. I engavamile of izimali ezinjalo kungukuthi insured isimo. Lokho, amakhasimende asikho isiqinisekiso esemthethweni izimali zabo zizogcinwa.

Ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana ngabe izikhungo microfinance sisasebenza nanamuhla, ukuthi iyini futhi iphephile kangakanani ukusebenzisa amasevisi wabo, ungaphawula umbono elandelayo: inkampani enjalo ekubeni ngokomthetho ukwazi ukunikeza izimo ngesikweletu ngokwanele ukhululekile. Njengoba sazi lokhu inzuzo, akufanele sikhohlwe mayelana imibhalo kokuhlola nokukhwabanisa kungenzeka ezihlobene dolobha kwabakhulelwe.