Izici MFIs

Kunzima overestimate ukubaluleka credit emnothweni. Ukubolekwa kwemali unike amandla amabhizinisi ngokushesha nokuqalisa ukukhiqizwa yabo (esebenzisa loan yokuthengisa), imali eyengeziwe ukuze sesimanje ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi, njll Ngakolunye uhlangothi, loan ivumela abathengi ukuthenga izimpahla ezibizayo, eliqinile, "izimbobo ngokuchibiyela" nasezimweni ezinzima zezimali nokunye. Kafushane, credit kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho emakethe.

Eminyakeni yamuva, kusetshenziswa kakhulu okuthiwa izikhungo microfinance. Isikhathi esining impela singabona izimpawu ezitaladini izinhlangano iqhaza ekuqaliseni ukusebenza imalimboleko yesikhathi esifushane encane. Ukuze kuchazwe indima kanye nokubaluleka MFIs emnothweni kuyadingeka ukuze uhlole izici eziyinhloko umsebenzi wabo, imigomo zomthetho, kanye zamanani kanye ngemigomo yekhredithi.

Ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko uMthetho Federal of July 2, 2010 N 151-FZ "Ngo microfinance futhi microfinance izinhlangano" ngaphansi kwenhlangano microfinance kuchazwa ngokuthi "inhlangano yawo ibe esemthethweni bhalisiwe ngesimo fund, i ezizimele engenzi nzuzo izikhungo (ngaphandle izikhungo ibhajethi) okungezona zokuhweba ngokubambisana, uhlelo kwezomnotho inkampani noma ngokubambisana ekufezeni imisebenzi microfinance futhi bafakwa encwadini okubhalwa isimo izinhlangano microfinance ngendlela ezinikezwe ngumthetho. "

Ukuze uqonde incazelo microfinance inhlangano kufanele ichaze nomqondo imisebenzi microfinance. Sootvetstsvuyuschego komthetho nemikhuba microfinance izikhungo singafinyelela eziphethweni:

• microfinance umsebenzi - umsebenzi ihlose ukuhlinzeka izakhamuzi, osomabhizinisi ngabanye nezinhlangano ukubolekisa ngaphansi kwezivumelwano efanele;
• ukubolekisa ezikhungweni microfinance kumele singeqi ruble 1 million;
• ukubolekisa eside, ngonyaka ngokuvamile esingaphansi (amasonto 52).

Ukusatshalaliswa olukhethekile izikhungo microfinance wathola emva ukwamukelwa yomthetho "Ngo microfinance futhi microfinance izinhlangano", okunikeza definition imisebenzi microfinance, usungula oda imisebenzi yabo futhi izici eziyinhloko ukulawula imisebenzi yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho sihlinzekela imikhawulo eningi imisebenzi izinhlangano microfinance, ichaza ngamalungelo wabo.

Kuyacaca ukuthi microfinance (loans inani hhayi ngaphezu kwesigidi) oluyisisekelo izikhungo microfinance. Kuyinto ngenxa ukukhipha ukubolekisa kuya MFI uthola ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi inzuzo yayo.

Nokho, umthetho kanzima kuvimbela abanye imisebenzi ehlobene ukuhlinzekwa imalimboleko. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona imingcele eqinile kumiswa inhlokodolobha inkampani. Umthetho ngokucacile unqabela ukuheha izimali abantu abangekho abasunguli lenkampani (kwasinda abantu nokunikeza indlela inhlangano ngaphansi kwesivumelwano loan lemali ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1,5, noma angaphezu kwelilodwa nesivumelwano sokubolekwa nomunye umbolekisi [1]). Lokho, eqinisweni, izikhungo microfinance, ngokungafani amabhange, abavunyelwe ukuheha imali.

Enye izivimbelo engengaphansi sína kuvinjelwe umsebenzi okhokhelwayo izibambiso emakethe. Kanjalo, izinhlangano microfinance abakwazi sebenzisa waboleka futhi siqu imali utshalomali professional esitokisini, amabhondi, njll

Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi MFI Kugcwaliseka credits kohlaka izimali ezikhuliselwa abasunguli kanye capital ababolekisi. Ngokwemvelo, izinhlangano microfinance akakwazi yakha isamba okunjalo ezibucayi naleyo ebolekisayo namabhange.

Umgomo we operation kwezikhungo microfinance simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: MFIs ukunikela esincane isikhathi esifushane ngesilinganiso eliphezulu kakhulu kwezinhloso zenzuzo.

Ngokubona kwami, microfinance - ifomu yesimanje of usury okusemthethweni. Ngakho, amazinga zokweboleka kungaba phakathi 9-10% ngenyanga 4% ngesonto (100-200% ngonyaka). Uma kuqhathaniswa, e loan Savings Bank in inani ruble 50,000. unyaka owodwa ngaphandle yesondlo izobiza mayelana 16.5% ngonyaka. Ngo "UralSib" imali ebolekiswayo ebhange izimo ezifanayo bayovuka cishe 23% [2]

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi akukho ejenti kwezomnotho okunengqondo alivumelani izimo ngesikweletu ochithayo ezinjalo. Nokho, ukuze yibhange imali engango kuyadingeka ukunikeza iphakethe kwemibhalo kanye ibhekane novivinyo. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye amabhange ngaphezu passport kufanele uhambise isitatimende engenayo kanye namanye amadokhumenti. amasevisi yasebhange Ifanele uhlolisise ubuqiniso kwemibhalo, umlando Ikhredithi okweletayo, uhlole izingozi-credit default. Kanti futhi akusiyena wonke umuntu ofuna ukuthola loan lolu hlolo sihamba (othile usayizi enganele iholo olusemthethweni, umuntu akazange athumele amaphepha adingekayo, ezinye izinkinga umlando credit, njll). Noma ubani ohluleka ebhange ukuhlolwa, ifuna amafemu ukuthi ukukhipha ukubolekisa izimo abaqotho ngaphezulu. Lokhu amaklayenti ngokuvamile libhekisela luhlobo microfinance.

izikhungo Microfinance ungenzi nezimfuneko sina ngoba ababoleka. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlangano eziningi ngoba Ukukhishwa loan idinge kuphela ipasipoti ukuthatha isiqunto sokunikela loan ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinkampani ukuthola micro-loans ukuthi musa ngisho kudingeka uvakashele ihhovisi - izicelo ukubolekisa, kanye nezinqumo ayiswe zenziwa khona kanye ekhaya.

Njengoba singabona, MFIs usebenze ingxenye nge ingozi eliphezulu kakhulu okuzenzakalelayo. Ukuze bavale isikhala izingozi futhi ukuqinisekisa inzuzo, MFIs ukusungula ephezulu zenzalo. Umqondo lapha ilula: uma amaklayenti ezimbili (ezintathu, ezine, njll, kuye ngokuthi isimo futhi microloans emakethe ingxenye) okungenani oyedwa abuyisele ngokugcwele izikweletu ngesithakazelo, ikhomishini, okuzenzakalelayo isithakazelo futhi izinhlawulo, inkampani sizonikeza engenayo zabanikazi . Nokho, inani lenzalo ku microloans wethula umonakalo ngempela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inethiwekhi ungathola izimpendulo eziningi ongemuhle MFI ezisebenza ezweni. Ikakhulukazi, amakhasimende akhononde luhlata nabaphathi boorishness izindlela abangaphucuzekile nakancane ukuqoqwa izikweletu kusukela ababoleka, kanye nokusetshenziswa amaqhinga ahlukahlukene-non-esobala isithakazelo, ukubuyiswa kwemali ezikweletini nokunye.

Kuyacaca ukuthi mikrofinansiroanie njengoba enjalo (loans ezincane esifushane at eziphezulu zenzalo), kukhona ezweni lethu akuyona ngosuku lokuqala. Nokho, kuphela ukwamukelwa koMthetho "Ngo microfinance futhi microfinance izinhlangano" izikhungo microfinance baqala ukuvela kusukela izithunzi ukuthuthela ukusebenza kwezomthetho. Noma kunjalo, abaningi yezindlela yomsebenzi (kuhlanganise lobugebengu) wahlala ku arsenal of izikhungo microfinance. Kodwa-ke kungenzeka ukuthi inkinga yama-ukukhula nokuthuthuka MFIs njengoba isikhungo asemthethweni komnotho Russian.

Ngenxa ibhizinisi, umsebenzi microfinance kuyinto ejwayelekile. The esiphezulu zenzalo ukwenza microfinance ibhizinisi inzuzo kakhulu, naphezu kwazo zonke izingozi ezihlobene naso. Kungenjalo sasingayikuhlanganyela ukubonwa enjalo ukukhula oqinile inani izikhungo microfinance, okuyinto kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ngeso lenyama.

References:

1. uMthetho Federal of July 2, 2010 N 151-FZ "Ngo microfinance futhi microfinance izikhungo.