Izifo eziningi, izakhi zofuzo nokusabalalisa

Izifo ze-Genetic ziyizigaba zezifo ezithintekayo ngokwemibonakaliso yemitholampilo, ebangelwa ukuguqulwa kwesimo segesi. Ngokuhlukile, kufanele sicabange iqembu lezifo zegciwane lesandulela-ngculazi ezivela futhi zithuthukise ngokumelene nesizinda sokwehluleka kwezixhobo zamalungu amangqamuzana kanye nomthelela wezinto ezingathandekayo zezwe elizungezile.

Ziyini izifo eziningi ezithinta izifo?

Ngokucacile, leli qembu lezifo linemifucu eyodwa ehlukile kwezifo zofuzo. Izifo eziningi ziqala ukuvela ngezimo ezingathandeki zendawo yangaphandle. Abanye ososayensi bakhombisa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zingase zingabonakali ngaphandle uma kuvela izici ezizungezile.

I-etiology kanye nezakhi zofuzo zezifo eziningi ze-multipletifactorial ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, imvelaphi inesakhiwo esikhulu futhi ingahluka uma kwenzeka ngesifo ngasinye.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-pathologies

Izifo ezithinta izifo eziningi zemizimba zingahlukaniswa zibe:

• Amaphutha amancane yentuthuko;
• Ukugula kwengqondo nokwesaba;
• Izifo ezihlobene nobudala.

Ngokuya kwenani lezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekuguleni, hlukanisa:

• Izifo ze-monogenic - zinegciwane elilodwa eliguquguqukayo, elidala umuntu ngesifo esithile. Ukuze lesi sifo sithuthuke kulokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuthonye isici esisodwa sezemvelo. Lokhu kungaba umphumela womzimba, wamakhemikhali, wemvelo noma wezokwelapha. Uma isici esithile singavuki, ngisho noma isakhi segciwane esishukumisayo sisekhona, lesi sifo ngeke siphume. Uma umuntu engenayo ifulethi ye-pathogenic, kodwa evezwe engxenyeni yangaphandle yemvelo, lesi sifo asibuye siphakamise.
• Izifo ze-polygenic zezifo noma izifo eziningi ezenziwe ngezifo zithathwa yizifo eziningi zegciwane. Isenzo sezimpawu eziningi zingasuswa noma siqhubeke. Kodwa noma yiziphi izifo zingase zivele kuphela ngokuxhumana kwamagciwane amaningi we-pathogenic kanye nezimo zemvelo. Izici ezivamile zomuntu, ezifana nokuhlakanipha, ukuphakama, isisindo, umbala wesikhumba, izici eziningi eziqhubekayo. Ukukhubazeka okubangelwa ukuzalwa kwangasese ( isifo somlomo nesifo somlomo), isifo senhliziyo esibangelwayo, izifo ezincane ze-neural, i-polistorenosis, i-hypertension, i-peptic ulcer nezinye izinto ezinezimo eziphakeme kakhulu ezihlotsheni ezidlula kunabantu abaningi. Izifo eziningi, izibonelo zazo okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, ziyizibonakaliso eziningi "eziphakathi".

Ukuxilonga kwe-MFZ

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zocwaningo zisiza ukuxilonga izifo eziningi ze-multifactorial kanye nendima yokuzalwa kofuzo. Isibonelo, isifundo somndeni, ngenxa yokuthi umqondo wokuthi "umndeni oncological" wabonakala odokotela, okuwukuthi, lapho iziguli eziphindaphindiwe zezifo ezibulalayo zenzeka emndenini owodwa phakathi kwezihlobo.

Odokotela bavame ukuhlala befunda amawele. Le ndlela, njengeyodwa, isivumela ukuthi sisebenze ngemininingwane ethembekile mayelana nesimo esiyilungelo lesi sifo.

Ukufunda izifo ezihlukahlukene, ososayensi banakekelwa kakhulu ekuhloleni izixhumanisi phakathi kwesifo kanye nesistimu yezofuzo, kanye nokuhlaziywa kozalo.

I-criteria ye-Characteristic ye-MFZ

• Izinga lokuhlolisana ngokuqondile liyakuthinta amathuba okubonakaliswa kwesifo kwezihlobo, okungukuthi, isondlo esiseduze nesiguli (ohlelweni lwezofuzo), amathuba okuba nesifo.
• Inani leziguli emndenini lithinta ingozi yezifo ezihlotsheni zesiguli.
• Ubukhulu bokugula kwesihlobo esithintekile kuthinta ukubikezelwa kwezesayensi.

Izifo ezihlobene ne-multifactorial

Izifo eziningi zihlanganisa:

- I-asthma ye-Bronchial isifo esekelwe ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwe-bronchi. Kuhambisana nokungahlambuluki kwamapayipi kanye nokuvela kwesikhashana kokuphefumula okuphefumula noma ukuqubuka komzimba.

- Isilonda se-Peptic, esiyisifo esingalapheki sokubuyela emuva. Kubonakala ukwakhiwa kwezilonda esiswini nase-duodenum ngenxa yokwephulwa kwezinqubo ezijwayelekile kanye nezendawo zesimiso sezinzwa nezobuhle.

- I-Diabetes mellitus, inqubo eyenzekayo kokubili izimbangela zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ezibangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-carbohydrate metabolism. Ukwenzeka kwalesi sifo kuthonywa kakhulu ngabacindezeli, izifo, ukulimala, ukuhlinzwa. Izinto ezifaka ingozi zingase zibandakanye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izinto ezinobuthi, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuqina kwe-atherosclerosis nokunciphisa umzimba.

- isifo senhliziyo Ischemic - kungenxa yokuncishiswa kwegazi noma ukunciphisa ngokuphelele kwegazi. Lokhu kubangelwa izinqubo ze-pathological emikhumbi ye-coronary.

Ukuvimbela izifo eziningi

Izinhlobo zezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezivimbela ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezingenayo ifa kanye nezifo ezingenakubalwa zingaba yipulazi, eyesibili kanye nephakeme.

Uhlobo oluyinhloko lokuvimbela luhloselwe ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwengane egulayo. Kungabonakala ekuhleleni ukuzala nokuthuthukisa imvelo yabantu.

I-prophylaxis yesibili ihlose ukuqeda ukukhulelwa uma kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo esibelethweni siphakeme noma ukuxilongwa sekuvele kusungulwe. Isisekelo sesinqumo esinjalo singaba yisifo esiyinzalo. Kuvela kuphela kwemvume yowesifazane ngesikhathi.

Uhlobo oluphakeme lwe-prophylaxis yezifo ezithintekayo luhlose ukulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo ku-kakade umntwana ozelwe kanye nokubonakaliswa okukhulu. Lolu hlobo lokuvimbela lubizwa nangokuthi i-normocopying. Kuyini? Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwengane enempilo ene-pathogenic genotype. I-Normokopirovanie enezokwelapha ezifanelekayo zingenziwa ngo-utero noma ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Ukuvimbela kanye namafomu awo enhlangano

I-prophylaxis yezifo ezithinta izifo zifezwa kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo zenhlangano:

Ukululekwa ngezokwelapha ngezokwelapha kuyinkinga ekhethekile yokwelashwa. Namuhla, enye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuvimbela izifo zefa kanye nezifo zofuzo. Ukululekwa kwezokwelapha kanye nezokuzalwa ngokwemvelo kuqondiswa yi:

• Abazali abanempilo ababelethe ingane egulayo, lapho omunye womshado ephethe isifo;
• Imindeni enezingane ezinempilo enhle, kodwa ngubani onezihlobo ezinezifo ezithintekayo;
• Abazali abafuna ukubikezela impilo yabazalwane noma odadewabo bomntwana ogulayo;
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe abanengozi yokuba nengane enempilo engavamile.

Ukuxilongwa kokubeletha ngaphambi kokubeletha kuyisinqumo sokubeletha kokubeletha noma ukuzalwa kwesifo somntwana. Ngokuvamile, bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bahlolwe ukuthi bangabandakanyi i-pathology yefa. Kulokhu, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound, ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo ze-serum yabesifazane abakhulelwe kuyasetshenziswa. Izinkomba zokuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha zingabandakanya:

• Ubukhona emndenini wesifo esinezifo ezihlonishwa ngokunembile;
• Ubudala bomama budlula iminyaka engama-35;
• Ukukhipha isisu kwangaphambili kwabesifazane, ukubeletha ngezizathu ezingacacile.

Kubaluleka kokuvimbela

I-genetics yezokwelapha ithuthukiswa minyaka yonke futhi inikeza amathuba amaningi okuvimbela iningi lezifo ezifa. Yonke imindeni enezinkinga zempilo inikeza ulwazi olugcwele mayelana nokuthi bayingozi nokuthi yini abangayethemba. Ngokwandisa ukuqwashisa kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nemvelo yomphakathi jikelele, ngokukhuthaza isithombe esinempilo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila komuntu, sikwandisa amathuba okuba nesintu sibe nenzalo enempilo.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi angcolile, umoya, imikhiqizo yokudla enezinto zomshukela kanye ne- carcinogenic ukwandisa ukusabalala kwezifo eziningi. Uma impumelelo yezakhi zofuzo isetshenziswa emithi yokwelapha, khona-ke inani lezingane ezizalwa ngezifo ze-genetic ezizofa lizonciphisa, ukuxilongwa okusheshayo nokwelashwa okwanele kweziguli kuyotholakala.