Iyini ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yomhlaba wonke lesakhamuzi saseRussian Federation. Ukudalwa kwebalazwe le-electronic jikelele eRussia

Ezamabonakude, ulwazi olwethulwe uhlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamakhadi e-electronic jikelele ngamabhange luvele luvame kaningi. Kodwa-ke, amaRussia akafisi ukuba abanikazi bale nqubo esikahle ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi bayaphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwabo. Isizathu salokhu senzakalo ukuthi abaningi ngisho abazi izinzuzo zayo. Iyini ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yonke (i-UEC)? Ngabe kunenjongo edingekayo nokuthi ungayithola kanjani? Ngingayinqabela? Ake sibone.

Ukudalwa kwebalazwe le-electronic jikelele eRussia

Umlando wesistimu yokukhokha yaseRussia uqala ngo-2010. NgoJulayi kulonyaka, uMthetho we-Federal on the Provision of State and Municipal Services No. 210 wangena ukusebenza. Lo mbhalo uqukethe ulwazi ngenqubo yokusetshenziswa kwe-UEC. Ekuqaleni, umthetho wawuvalile ukuvinjelwa kokuthengwa kwemali kumakhadi angaphandle kweRussia. Lesi sinyathelo singabangela ukubhujiswa kwezinhlelo zokukhokha "Visa" ne "MasterCard". Nokho, ngemva kokuxoxisana okude, ukuvinjelwa kwaphakanyiswa.

Ngo-2011, uHulumeni waseRussia Federation wanquma ukwakha i-UEC. Ikakhulukazi kulawa makhadi, uhlelo lokukhokha "PRO100" lwakhiwe kanye nayo yonke ingqalasizinda edingekayo. Noma kunjalo, lesi sinyathelo asisekelwe amabhange nabantu. Ngakho-ke, i-UEC yeka ukunikeza igunya.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2012, ezindaweni eziningana zaseRussia, kwenziwa iphrojekthi yokwethulwa kwamamephu amasha. Ngenxa yalonyaka, iningi le-UEC lagcwaliswa eRiphabhlikhi yaseKomi.

Kusukela ngo-2014, i-UEK ikhishwe kubo bonke abaseRussia. Kodwa-ke, wonke umuntu unelungelo lokwenqaba ikhadi.

Iyini ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yonke

Esemqoka, i-UEK iyinhlanganisela yekhadi lebhange, i-SNILS, inqubomgomo yomshuwalense wezempilo, kanye nomqulu wesazisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungangena ulwazi mayelana nethikithi, ukudlula, ilayisensi yokushayela. Ikhadi ine-microchip eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, egcina lonke ulwazi mayelana nezicelo ezihlukahlukene ze-elekthronikhi.

Iphrojekthi ye-UEC iningi kakhulu kunendlela yokukhokha evamile. Ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yomhlaba jikelele lesakhamuzi saseRussian Federation linikeza ithuba lokusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zomasipala, izinsizakalo zombuso nezentengiselwano. Njengoba bethi kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-UEC, ngosizo lwala makhadi, abaseRussia bazokwazi ukusebenzisa kude ezinye izinsizakalo ezingazange zitholakale ngaphambilini kulokhu. Sikhuluma ngokufaka izicelo nokulungiselela amadokhumende ahlukahlukene.

Ukubukeka

Umklamo wangaphandle we-UEC uhambisana nomklamo wekhadi leplastiki yasebhange elivamile. Insizakalo kuyo yenziwa kuma-terminals okukhokha, ama-ATM, izindawo zokuthengisa, kanye naku-intanethi. Isicelo esivumelekile nesingaxhunyiwe.

Ku-UEC ngokwayo kufanele kube nolwazi olulandelayo:

• Igama, igama negama lomnikazi womnikazi;
• Isithombe;
• Inombolo;
• Isikhathi sokusebenza;
• Ulwazi lokuxhumana lwezinhlangano ezigunyaziwe.

Ikhadi aliqukethe ibhakhodi.

Ubani ongathola

Ngokusho komthetho, i-UEC (ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yomhlaba wonke isakhamuzi saseRussia Federation (Russia)) ikhishwa kuzo zonke izakhamizi zezwe lakithi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyiminyaka yobudala. Ngaphambili, isisekelo sokukhishwa kwayo sasitatimende esithunyelwe enhlanganweni egunyaziwe. Manje ukususwa akudingi isicelo esikhethekile.

Ngesikhathi sokuthola ikhadi labantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-14, abameli bawo kuphela abangasayina isicelo sokukhishwa kwezimali. Isicelo sebhange asikwazi ukuxhumeka kumephu kulokhu. Izingane ezineminyaka engu-14 zingakwazi ukuyixhuma kuphela ngemvume yabazali bazo.

I-UEC ikhishwe kuphi futhi kanjani

Ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yomhlaba jikelele lesakhamuzi saseRussia Federation ikhishwa ezinhlanganweni ezivunyelwe ngabanye esifundeni ngasinye. Njengomthetho, amabhange nezikhungo eziningi zibhekana nokukhishwa.

Ukukhipha ikhadi, udinga ukuveza amadokhumenti alandelayo:

• Ipasipoti jikelele (yezingane - isitifiketi sokuzalwa);
• Isitifiketi sepensheni;
• Inqubomgomo yomshuwalense wezempilo;
• Isithombe kwi-carrier yenethiwekhi.

Akudingekile ukuletha isithombe. Lapho uthola ikhadi, uzothathwa isithombe. Isicelo kumele sicacise ibhange elizosetshenziselwa uhlelo lokukhokha. Ungakhetha kuphela inhlangano engumlingani walolu hlelo. Isikhathi sokwenza ikhadi asikho ezinsukwini ezingama-20. Uma uthola ipasipoti jikelele liyadingeka.

Izinsizakalo

Amathuba amaningi avulelwe abanikazi be-UEK. Ikhadi le-universal linikeza izakhamizi zaseRussia? Ngosizo lwayo kungenzeka ukuthola izinsizakalo zezinhlangano zikahulumeni neminyango ehlukahlukene - intela, inkonzo yokufuduka, ikamelo lokubhalisa, amaphoyisa omgwaqo kanye nabanye. Isibonelo, ungakwazi ukukhokhela izinsizakusebenza, amathikithi ezokuthutha zomphakathi, ukuthenga ezitolo, izintela, imisebenzi yombuso, ukuthunyelwa kwemali, ukubhalisela odokotela, abakwa-kindergartens, ukuthola imiyalelo yemishini yemithi, ukugcina idayari yekhompyutha, ukukhokhela ukudla kwezemfundo Izikhungo. Uhlu lwezinsizakalo ezitholakalayo ze-UEC kanye nezinketho ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa kwalo kancane kancane.

Izinzuzo

Ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yomhlaba wonke eliyisakhamuzi saseRussia (UEC) linamathuba amaningi:

• Compact - leli khadi lishintsha amadokhumenti amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa;
• Ukutholakala kwamukelwa okukude kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi nganoma isiphi isikhathi nanoma kuphi;
• Inqubo yokufaka isicelo ezikhungweni zikahulumeni nezomasipala ithatha isikhathi esincane, ngoba ukungena kwedatha kusuka ekhadini kwenziwa kwimodi evamile;
• Ikhadi inesignesha yedijithali yedijithali evumela ukuthi abanikazi basebenzise izinsiza zabahlinzeki bezebhizinisi;
• Ukukwazi ukuxhuma ikhadi kwi-akhawunti ethize ebhange;
• Ikhono lokusebenzisa njengethikithi, kanye nokukhokha izimpahla namasevisi.

Ukuziphendulela

Ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yomhlaba wonke eliyisakhamuzi saseRussia Federation (UEC) akuyona imvume kubo bonke izakhamizi. Ngokomthetho, wonke umuntu angayenqaba ngokubhala isicelo esifanele. Ungakwenza lokhu noma kunini lapho uthanda khona. Ngemuva kokubuyekeza uhlelo lokusebenza, ikhadi lizokhanselwa. Ukuphika kusuka ku-UEK kungaba kuze kube nguJanuwari 1 olandelayo (2017). Uhlu lwamaphuzu okumukelwa luyatholakala kwiwebhusayithi ye-UEC.

Ukufaka esikhundleni nokulahlekelwa

Ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yomhlaba wonke eliyisakhamuzi saseRussian Federation lingashintshwa kokubili uma kwenzeka ukulahleka noma ushintsho kwedatha yokufaka komnikazi. Isicelo sokukhishwa kwempinda sizohanjiswa ezinhlanganweni ezigunyaziwe kuzo zonke izifundo zaseRussia.

Isicelo sibuyekezwa kungakapheli inyanga. Ngokusekelwe kumarekhodi akwenziwe ebhalweni, i-duplicate ye-UEC ikhishwa. Ukukhishwa kwemali kwenziwa ngokuqondile yisakhamuzi ngesisekelo sobunikazi. Imali yokubuyisela ikhadi ngokulahlekelwa ihlukaniswe ngokwehlukana kunhlangano ngayinye yeqembu. Ukushintshwa kwenziwa mahhala.

Ukugxeka

Ukwakhiwa kwe-UEK kubangele ukukhathazeka komphakathi. Iqiniso liwukuthi amakhadi aqukethe idatha yomuntu siqu ephathelene nenani lemali engenayo yenyanga, impahla yabanikazi, ukuphepha komphakathi kanye nolunye ulwazi mayelana nezici ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi wesintu. Lonke ulwazi luqukethwe ebhange elilodwa lwedatha. Abaphikisi bekhadi le-elekthronikhi baphikisa ukuthi uhlelo lokuvikelwa kolwazi aluphelelanga futhi ukufinyelela ku-database kungatholakala ngabanye abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lonke ulwazi luzoqukathwa kwi-microchip.

Le phrojekthi isesezingeni lokushayela yimbangela yokunganeliseki ngamaRussia. Abangaphezu kwesithathu kwabakhamuzi baseMoscow baphikisana nokusungulwa kwe-UEK. Izicelo ezingaphezulu kuka-10 000 zithunyelwe eMoscow City Duma.

Izingxoxo eziningi kwi-intanethi zibangelwa ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yonke. Ukulawula okuphelele, ngokusho kwabamelene nesistimu, sekuyiqiniso ngempela. Phela, konke ukusebenza ngisho nomzila wokuhambisa isakhamuzi kungalandelwa. Ulwazi lokuvuza lungase luvele.

Kukhona elinye iphuzu lokubuka. Izakhamizi eziningi ziyesaba ukuthi amakhadi e-elektroniki azosebenza kahle emadolobheni lapho kwakha khona ingqalasizinda. Emadolobhaneni nasemizaneni esuka ku-UEK akufanelekile ukulinda imiphumela.

Izishoshovu zamalungelo abantu zithi ngenkathi umphakathi womphakathi usezingeni eliphansi lokuthuthukiswa, futhi ukwethulwa kwamakhadi okuzenzela wonke umuntu kungaholela ekuhlukumezweni ngokusetshenziswa kwawo nokukhwabanisa.

Uhulumeni uthi ama-e-amakhadi e-universal ahamba, kepha hhayi ukuhlanganisa ulwazi mayelana nezakhamuzi. Okusho ukuthi, ngokusebenzisa ibalazwe, ungakwazi ukukhipha ulwazi oludingekile kusuka ku-database, etholakala emnyangweni kahulumeni. Futhi, abakhiqizi be-UEK nabahleli bephrojekthi bathi wonke amakhadi avikelwe yi-hardware ne-software futhi alawulwa ngokuqondile nguhulumeni. Akudingekile ukwenza ikhadi, kuyobe kungenzeka ukuba ukhiphe ukwenqaba.

Ngakho-ke, ikhadi le-elekthronikhi yomhlaba wonke eliyisakhamuzi saseRussian Federation liyisakhi esiwusizo kakhulu sanamuhla. Ngosizo lwayo ungathola izinsizakalo zomphakathi ezihlukahlukene, wenze imisebenzi yokukhokha engekho ukheshi. Inzuzo yalo enkulu ukuthi iqukethe ulwazi mayelana namadokhumenti amaningana omnikazi wayo. Njalo isakhamuzi singathola ikhadi le-universal. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kwesimiso samamephu ahlukahlukene kwenza ukuba umuntu aphikiswe emphakathini. AmaRussia amaningi ahlukene ngokumelene nalokhu emisha. Noma kunjalo, iziphathimandla zishiya ukhetho izakhamizi - ungenqaba ikhadi.