Ithebula "Amaqembu izinambuzane" (isihloko, incazelo, izici)

Izinambuzane ikilasi of eyisinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Ngokusho ngezigaba wamanje namuhla, bona kanye centipedes, afakiwe nase-traheynodyshaschih subtype. igama Class livela egameni "ngibabhambabula". Nge "insecte" French kanye Latin "insectum" umqondo ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi njengoba "isilwane nge namantombazane." Cabangela lezi nezilwane kabanzi. ithebula "oda isinambuzane" izokwethulwa ekupheleni isihloko.

Uhlolojikelele

umzimba Insect likhona cuticle chitinous. It yakha ekoskelet. isakhiwo isinambuzane ulula. It has izigaba ezintathu: inhloko, esiswini nasesifubeni. Uma ucabangela isakhiwo izinambuzane, kukhona ezintathu ngazimbili of imilenze. Banamathele uMnyango webele. Emaqenjini amaningi, kumasegmenti lesibili nelesithathu ixhunywe nge pair of amaphiko. usayizi umzimba zokhahlamba kusuka 0.2 mm kuya cm 30 nokuningi.

Ukuguquguquka kwempilo

Kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa embryonic izinambuzane. Ibizwa ngokuthi "isigaba neqanda." Futhi secrete isikhathi nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana. Yena kuhambisana baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele. He is zezinhlobo ezimbili. Kuye nje kokukhululwa kwe-oda izinambuzane nge yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo akuphelele. Ziyakwazi izigaba amaqanda, izibungu kanye nabantu abadala. Qedela yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo libhekene izigaba ezine. Kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa izinambuzane kuhlanganisa amaqanda isigaba, izibungu, iziphungumangathi kanye omdala. Ekuqaleni izibungu zifana ngokubukeka kubantu abadala. Umehluko phakathi kwawo womabili silingana umzimba, isimo embryonic, noma ukungabi oluphelele amaphiko Izitho zangasese. Izibungu izilwane othola izigaba ezine ukuma vermiform. Kuphela abantu abadala bavele zonke izici ezidingekayo we lamabutho. In esigabeni omdala sokulungisa kwenzeka nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha. Ikilasi zinambuzane ezihlukahlukene izidalwa. Sekukonke abangaphezu kwesigidi zinhlobo kuchazwe. Basuke kubhekwa iqembu eziningi kakhulu izilwane ngokwemvelo futhi hlala esishintshashintshayo ahlukahlukene semvelo. Lapho betholakala khona kuyo yonke indawo, ngisho e-Antarctica.

yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo

Iningi izinambuzane nge ngenze ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni yayo egcina izigaba ezine. Nokho, ngokwemvelo zikhona ezehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi iphuzu Meloidae hypermetamorphosis. Usikisela izigaba ezinhlanu, eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Basuke umelwe (sokuchibiyela) izigaba ezikhethekile elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu. Esigabeni ngasinye ezifana libizwa triungulin. Omunye ngaphandle kubhekwa neoteny. Le nkulumo ibhekisela ikhono afinyelele ekuvuthweni futhi ezala esigabeni elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu. Kulokhu, izinsikazi ungadluli ngesikhathi esisodwa izigaba ezimbili: iziphungumangathi kanye nabantu abadala. Njengoba abantu besilisa, bangakwazi ukuhlakulela ku umjikelezo ovamile.

Order of izinambuzane nge yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo akuphelele

Eziningi zalezi izilwane yokuphila izibungu futhi abadala kuningi esifana. Eyokuqala emelelwa amafomu ngempela ahlukahlukene. Ochwepheshe sihlanganise ngeenqhema main. Eyokuqala siqukethe izibungu, efana abadala, okwesibili, ngokulandelana, uhlukile kubo. Okokuqala ngokuthi Nymphs, kanti owokugcina uyoba ngo - kweqiniso. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela kungase kube khona ukufana abadala kokubili imigomo yezinto eziphilayo noma yomthetho morphological. Ayevame ukuphila endaweni efanayo, ngendlela efanayo ukuze badle. Esikhathini izibungu kweqiniso zibonakala umehluko elibukhali ukubonakala imago, endaweni ukusatshalaliswa, ukudla. Ukuze babe omdala, kumelwe ibhekane esigabeni isiphungumangathi. Kwamanye isici zezintaka okubizwa ngokuthi isigaba esimaphakathi - subimago. Ngokwejwayelekile kuthatha isikhathi esingamasonto indawo ukuthuthukiswa kwe izilwane zasemanzini. Abantu kulesi sigaba kufanele izimpawu omdala, ovuthiwe ngokocansi kodwa akukafiki.

Biology: amaqembu isinambuzane. Cockroach

Ummeleli ejwayelekile ye iphela abomvu. Kukholakala ukuthi ukubukeka lezi zinambuzane endlini kubonisa abanikazi budedengu. Lezi zilwane uphume ukufihla ebusuku. imikhiqizo yabo eyinhloko ukudla zigcinwa kahle. Ngo yiphela zesifazane ku ekupheleni esiswini lapho ootheca - okubizwa ngokuthi isikhwama amaqanda. Amphonsa ke kudoti. Ootheca amaqanda asathuthuka, lapho, ngokulandelana, izibungu ukuvela. Bona zihlukaniswa ngemibala mhlophe futhi zifana abadala. Ngemva kwalokho, base mnyama.

umuhlwa

Ithebula "Amaqembu izinambuzane" ephawula lezi zilwane njengendlela yomphakathi. Zihlala imindeni emikhulu kakhulu. Isici esivelele sesimiso umuhlwa esivuna zomsebenzi. Emikhayeni kukhona abesilisa, abasebenzi, amasosha, "indlovukazi" (female). Zingomiswa (isidleke isinambuzane) ongafinyelela osayizi umxhwele. Ngokwesibonelo, e Savannah Afrika ingabhekana izidleke giant 10-12 m. Le ngxenye komhlaba ongafinyelela ububanzi 60 m. Umkhiqizo main kuyinto izinkuni yokudla somuhlwa. Balimaza izakhiwo sokhuni, izitshalo. Okwamanje, echazwe oda ayizinkulungwane 2.5. Zingomiswa.

izintwala

Kulesi squad kuhlanganisiwe izimuncagazi wingless. Lezi zilwane yisinanakazana ku ezincelisayo kanye indoda. Izimpilo ikhanda intwala izinwele futhi glues kubo nit angu (amaqanda ngakho wayibiza ngokuthi). Wardrobes izinambuzane ezihlala emphethweni izingubo. amaqanda abo walala ngqo Indwangu. Okuphambili kusukela lezi izibungu musa ihluke ngokubukeka kusukela abadala. Abesifazane izintwala abhekwa kwande kakhulu. Kuyo yonke ngenyanga bakwazi ukunikeza yesizukulwane ababebalelwa izinambuzane angamakhulu amaningana. Njengoba izimuncagazi zangaphandle, izintwala ifa inombolo yezici. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemilenze izimpiko prehensile abakhona, abanayo amaphiko, ngoba akudingeki kubo. Mouthparts ukubhoboza abancela izintwala. Lezi zilwane kukhona abathwali izifo ezihlukahlukene. Omunye wabo yesifo sezintwala.

izimbungulu

Ithebula "Amaqembu izinambuzane" kuhlanganisa kulesi sigaba ezihlukahlukene kwezitshalo izinambuzane. Omunye yaziwa kubhekwe chinch. Yena sucks okuqukethwe nangangesihlabathi izitshalo wokudla. Endaweni yokuhlala zingatholakala bug-bloshitsu. Lokhu isinambuzane kudala eziningi ukungakhululeki umuntu. Ngo amanzi ahlanzekile uhlalwe skater wokulwa nezimbungulu-echibini. It udla izinambuzane awela amanzi. Kukhona phakathi amaphutha ezilwaneni eziyingozi, njengamabhubesi bug-Gladun. Yena sihlasela gazinga inhlanzi kanye ezingenamgogodla ahlukahlukene. Wonke amalungu aleli qembu elithi izinambuzane okuthiwa Hemiptera.

Okunye izigaba

Homoptera izinambuzane uncamela zingadla izitshalo ayo. Kulesi sigaba, isibonelo, zihlanganisa aphid. It likhona nemvelo izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene futhi abangele umonakalo ebalulekile ukuze izitshalo. izinambuzane Homoptera abhekwa abathwali izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane yingozi izitshalo. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwabo kukhona cicadas ahlukahlukene, ongafinyelela usayizi esikhulu (kufika ku 5-6 cm). I lamabutho ka Orthoptera zihlanganisa izinambuzane ogxile herbivorous. Nokho, kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana phakathi kwabo kanye nezinto ezidla lezi. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba abameleli ngokwanele eyaziwa njenge kapustyanka, isikhonyane. Iqembu kuhlanganisiwe Orthoptera futhi intethe. Uhlala endaweni utshani, emaqeleni kanye nezimfunda. Yena sishaya, sisila eside. Kapustyanka aphinde abhukude abuyele ezinhle nezimpukane, Omba kwezinyawo zakhe. Kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kuzingxenye komhlaba izitshalo ezimila ensimini (ukhukhamba, amazambane, izaqathe, iklabishi nokunye.). Ukuze ezinye izinhlobo isikhonyane bathambekele ukukhiqizwa kabusha mass. Ezimweni ezinjalo, basuke ebuthana nemihlambi emikhulu, fly olude (kufika ku amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziningana). Ngesikhathi esifanayo endleleni, ukubhubhisa zonke izitshalo. Iqembu ugogo kuhlanganisa izinambuzane ezidla inyama. Amagama azo ngempela ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ugogo-rocker-Dozorets ugogo kanye nabanye. Basuke kubhekwe emaflaya engcono. Ziyakwazi ezikwazi kakhulu. Kwangathi hang emoyeni, abonise ukuhamba ezehlukile ukuthuthukisa okusezingeni eliphezulu (kufika ku 100 km / h) ngesivinini. yimpango yabo Bahlasela khona kanye indiza.

izimbungulu

It Coleoptera. Basuke ibhekwa njengeBhayibheli eziningi kunazo zonke emphakathini. Inombolo yabo safinyelela ayizinkulungwane 300. Species. I mabhungane atholakala ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni emachibini eliwumhlaba. Ubukhulu yomzimba ziyahlukahluka kusuka 0.3 kuya 155 mm. mabhungane abaningi izinambuzane ezibangela umonakalo omkhulu ezilimweni. Izwe abadumile, ezifana Colorado amazambane bhungane. Walethwa Russia lisuka eMelika. Kuzka umonakalo ibhungane izitshalo. I-beet Weevil kulimaza i-sugar beet. I izibungu we Meyi ibhungane umonakalo amazambane nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye izimpande zesihlahla. It is njengoba woodworm ezaziwayo. Yena igedle ku Imicu yotshani Bast kanye uqweqwe uhamba, umonakalo zilwane ezibalulekile. Amalungu amaningi oda umonakalo sokudla. Ngokwesibonelo, abanjalo bangabaphostoli ipea Weevil, ibhungane ukhaphethi ibhungane, okusanhlamvu ibhungane grindstone. I lamabutho futhi weevils samanje. Entwasahlobo ka lokhu ibhungane ndlela enquma ishidi ukuze vein main. Ingxenye ipuleti buphela futhi ilahlekelwa umswakama waso. Ibhungane uphendulela khona futhi izalela amaqanda lapho. Ngakho Uyabanakekela inzalo. Yethula phakathi mabhungane kanye izinambuzane eziwusizo. Amagama zinhlobo enjalo eqeda amandla. Ngokwesibonelo, mabhungane kanye grobariki gnoeviki. Abantu abaningi mihle kakhulu ngokubukeka, futhi ingafinyelela osayizi umxhwele. Enjalo, isibonelo, ezibhekwa njengesixhumo sezindluzele beetle nanjengendluzele ezilotshwe encwadini Red.

izimvemvane

Ziyakwazi izinambuzane lepidopteran. Lezi zilwane benezingane eziningi izici zayo. Omunye abameli eyinhloko imibala ehlukahlukene wamaphiko. Iqembu liqukethe: iklabishi, urticaria, amacimbi kasilika nabanye. EliseMpumalanga Ekude zingatholakala abameleli enkulu ngokwanele kwe-oda. Ngokuvamile, lokhu amabhu. sifinyelela namaphiko ububanzi enwetshiwe notebook. Isikali surface zabo ziyakwazi kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona yokukhanya. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba Umbala enhlobonhlobo. Butterfly izibungu zibizwa ngokuthi amacimbi. Basuke yayiphawuleka ngokuthambekela umzimba eside futhi babe apharathasi okuhlabayo. I nezindlala salivary secrete usilika ngentambo. Wabo ngaphambi pupation trailing imifece. Abadala abhekwa ezithutha impova kakhulu izitshalo. Iningi amacimbi zidla amaqabunga. Ngale ndlela benza umonakalo eside ezindaweni ezazingakaze zifinyelelwe kwamasiko. I izimuncagazi ezinkulu, isibonelo, ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto apula inundu, iklabishi butterfly ezimhlophe, dispar ringed, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, njll Ezinye ukudla amacimbi umonakalo konakalisa ufulawa. Oak kanye amacimbi ezifuywa zikhiqiza ubulembu.

Iqembu ezihlukahlukene

Hymenoptera - bee, nabagibeli, iminyovu, izinyosi, sawflies, nabanye. Zonke lezi zilwane ngendlela ehlukile yokuphila. Abanye abameleli kukhona herbivorous. izibungu zabo ezibangela umonakalo elikhulu okusanhlamvu nezinye izitshalo. Lawa isibonelo, isinkwa kanye pine sawflies. izibungu zabo bheka efana izibungu zezimvemvane. Kule ndaba, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi izibungu zamanga. Sawflies babe sisila ethize kakhulu. It yenzelwe ukusika e isitshalo kwezicubu emaphaketheni kulo owesifazane eligoqiwe amaqanda.

bumblebees

Ziyakwazi bempova ezinhle kakhulu. Lezi abhekwa Hymenoptera nomphakathi. ngemindeni yawo kwakuyilawa khona kuphela ehlobo. izidleke zabo bona ahlele emigodini, izidleke, eyizidleke. Ukwakhiwa bekulokhu zesifazane. It uzihlomisa wax amaseli laying amaqanda. In ngamunye kubo ufake isitokwe ukudla - impova, ixutshwe noju. Achanyuselwa izibungu sidla isitokwe, ngemva kwesiphepho kwaphela amasonto 2-3 ukuqala sifake imifece futhi babe iziphungumangathi. Zenza izinyosi esebenzayo, kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Lwathi luphela isizini esidulini esikhulu lingafika abantu 500. Ngu kokuwa indlovukazi ubudala, abasebenzi kanye izinyosi besilisa afe. nabesifazane Young afihle ebusika.

izinyosi

Baletha inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke yazo zonke Hymenoptera nomphakathi. Honeybees ezibhekwa ezithutha impova kakhulu. Bakha iyasiza ukudla womuntu: uju, jelly royal, ngengcina yezinyosi, propolis. Zisetshenziswa ukudla, safuna Cosmetology, imithi kanye enkulu ekwakhekeni izimonyo, upende, varnishes, nokunye. Emndenini bee wonke amalungu abasebenza eduze nomunye. Akunakwenzeka ngaphandle uhlobo ukuchuma drones kanye kwesibeletho, abantu abasebenza.

omiyane

Lokhu izinambuzane ezimbili ezinamaphiko. Hlukanisa emkhatsini omiyane abavamile futhi malarial. isici yabo esiwuphawu iyona khona eyodwa pair of amaphiko okusobala. Laba bobabili yesibili baba "halters". Habitat elula umiyane - ongahluziwe, moorland. eziningi Ikakhulukazi ziba phakathi nonyaka ka-ehlobo. It ifakwe Ukubhoboza mouthparts lezi. Ngalo, bona ibhoboze isikhumba futhi ncela igazi. Singenazo izibungu zomiyane kukhona wormlike ukuma. Bahlala khona amanzi amile. Zafika lapho, zatholana ziphenduke, udle, kancane kancane kuphenduke iziphungumangathi. Nazo ngokufanayo, futhi bahlale khona amanzi amile. Nokho, ngoba ungadla, maduze ibe abantu abadala abangabongiyo. omiyane Ordinary futhi malarial zokutshala ezahlukene. Eyokuqala igcina parallel umzimba kwamanzi lapho ke ihlala. Anopheles okusezingeni eliphezulu Uphakamisa labaqaphi elingemuva.

izimpukane

Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho izinambuzane ezimbili ezinamaphiko. Bona, omiyane ngokungafani, izimpondo iDemo. izibungu zabo asemhlophe, ngokuvamile Headless futhi legless. Sinenkosi simise wormlike. Mpukane evamile izibungu bukhoma futhi sikhule wukungcola, umquba yinqwaba, udoti ekhishini. Lapha Insikazi ibekela amaqanda. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela phambi pupation khasa aphume udoti ukuze ukungena zenhlabathi, siguqulelwa iziphungumangathi. I abadala undizisa bese ubheka ukudla. Kusukela cesspools zindiza phezu ukudla, ethwele amagciwane ayingozi futhi Amagciwane izifo emathunjini.

namanye amaqembu

Exist ngokwemvelo lacewing izinambuzane. Kuyinto elincane e izinombolo iqembu. It has ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 6. Species. izinambuzane ezifana side umzimba ezinoqwembe esithambile. umbala wabo onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe ugodo oluhlaza. Amabili namabhuzu amaphiko embozwe emithanjeni net. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa abameleli ezifana intuthwane amabhubesi, lacewings, mantipsy. Iningi lacewing - eziyingozi. Baqale uvele esikhathini Permian. Ukwakheka okwalandela leqembu zenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya izinguquko Geological futhi zezulu ku Mesozoic. dragonfly Insect kubhekwa flier ezinhle kakhulu. Lezi zilwane abe amaseli elikhulu. ikhanda wabo ezithathekayo, amehlo akhe makhulu. dragonfly Insect uhlala ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi ezisondelene nazo ezimanzi. ERussia, kwasakazeka cishe nayo yonke insimu (ngaphandle ezindaweni ezinesomiso).

uhlelo

Kwethulwa ngezansi ithebula "oda izinambuzane," uchaza kafushane izici ezinye izilwane eshiwo ngenhla.

izitha zemvelo

Lokhu ezihlukahlukene nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic, abahlukumezi futhi ezilwane ezingenamgogodla yisinanakazana. Izinambuzane futhi zidla ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo eziningi. izitha zemvelo (entomophagous) ukuze azibhubhise ngasiphi isigaba sokukhula. Namuhla, kunamabandla amagciwane lapho ukwenza njenge activators ka viral, igciwane, izifo ezehlukene izinambuzane.

Okwamanje, ezingaphezu kuka-400 zezinhlanzi echazwe isikhunta ukuthi kungabangela izifo ezithize. Iqembu ngokwanele enkulu izitha zemvelo izinambuzane ezithile zibhekwa izibungu yisinanakazana, ingqondo isifo nematode. Phakathi ezingenamgogodla abazingela izilwane umbuzo, kufanele arachnids (nawofezela izicabucabu, phalanges, izibungu, njll), Millipedes kuphawulwe. Ingozi yezilwane ezinomgogodla amelela kwezinhlobo ezahlukene izinhlanzi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni. Ngokwesibonelo, amaxoxo Ukudla elabhalwa 95% walezi zilokazane. izitha zemvelo futhi isenzo izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane ezincelisayo. Ikakhulukazi, amalulwane isinambuzane eziyingozi, aardvarks, Nesambane nabanye. Ngaphakathi kula maqembu kukhona imiphakathi yonke ukuthi ngokukhethekile kuphela lezi zilwane. Isibalo izinambuzane emhlabeni ifinyelela 90% azo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo. indima yabo ngokwemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu. izikhathi Biomass izinambuzane herbivorous eziningana ephakeme kunezinye izilwane, ezidla uhlaza. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi kudle omningi walo ekukhuleni kwezimila. izinambuzane ezidlayo futhi okuzingela abhekwa nabalawuli zemvelo kwemiphakathi kulokho njengemigoqo ugesi zabo eziyinhloko. Bona kukhona ukudla ezihlukahlukene yezilwane ezinomgogodla futhi ezilwane ezingenamgogodla izilwane.