Isosha esihlatshelelwayo izinkondlo Pushkin sika Freedom abathanda

Russia bangaziqhayisa wamathalenta lobukhulu kunabo bonkhe bekutsi bazalelwa emhlabathini waso. Omunye ubuntu ezifana esiyingqayizivele, ogama lakhe yaziwa, kubonakala, cishe wonke umuntu emhlabeni, mhlawumbe kwasinda abantu lisaphila izimo zazingavumi kahle - kuyinto Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin. Lo muntu - imbongi omkhulu Russian, ngubani empilweni yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane kodwa abakhaliphile ongasibekela ingcebo eningi kufakwe umlando izincwadi Russian.

Freedom abathanda amazwi Pushkin

Alexander Sergeyevich uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi imbongi inkululeko. Baningi imiqondo le nkululeko ihambisana ngokusebenzisa izinkondlo zakhe. Ubizwa kufanele waqaphela njengoba umsunguli okwangempela ngolimi Russian nezincwadi. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, usinikeza umfundi aqonda umqondo inkululeko, okuyinto uthola ukunkenketha ezinhliziyweni nezigidi zabafundi. Nokho, isihloko inkululeko zabhekana izinguquko eziningi e umsebenzi imbongi omkhulu. Njalo Russian kufanele nakanjani ukuqaphela lesi sici esibalulekile indodana olukhulu eRussia. Yingakho ezikoleni Russian isihloko ehlukile "amazwi Pushkin Freedom abathanda" - isifundo kule grade 9, ngokuvamile akhokhe eningi ukunakwa ngoba ehilelekile kumiswa isizukulwane esisha kwezimiso nesimo sengqondo.

Kuyini inkululeko Pushkin sika?

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka imisebenzi Alexander Pushkin, zama ukuthola ukuthi lisho ukuthini igama elithi ngayo amazwi anjengokuthi "inkululeko" futhi "inkululeko" yena.

Eqinisweni, nenkululeko Pushkin - liyinani ayisisekelo wonke umphefumulo wakhe. Kuyinto a khulula ukuziqaphela ayengakwenza. Kusukela esemncane wayazi ukunambitheka kanye ubumnandi ukuzimela, ungase uqhathanise ahlukene yokuphila komuntu, okuyinto bukaJehova kubonakala emisebenzini yakhe eziqoqiwe. Noma kunjalo, imbongi kwaba fatalist, futhi wayekholelwa vicissitudes wokuphila, ethi bonke abantu ezandleni zakhe. Ngakho-ke, isiphetho umugqa emsebenzini wakhe ababethi a imibala emnyama futhi udangele. Nokho, lapho engena ray sethemba inkululeko, wonke umsebenzi sengathi zikhanyiswa ukukhanya okukhulu ongabonakali okuletha injabulo nokuthula abafundi. Yingakho, uma umfundi efuna ukuqonda ukuthi kukhona inkululeko abathanda isosha esihlatshelelwayo amavesi Pushkin sika - kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwazi lokhu.

Imisebenzi ekuseni

Isihloko inkululeko bubonakala ngokucacile kusukela eminyakeni bokuqala imbongi omkhulu. Lyceum emkhathini lapho Alexander wachitha iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe, kakhulu kuthonywa ekuqaleni kumiswa yonke umsebenzi wakhe. Kukulo muzi lapho wabeka singene umphefumulo kakhulu umqondo wenkululeko, amandla nokubaluleka ukuphila kwakhe kobuntu, izimiso eliphakeme zokuphila. Kukulo muzi lapho e 1815 wabhala indzaba inkululeko-umusa wakhe wokuqala "Licinius". Kulesi inkondlo emfushane wambula umugqa indaba, okuyinto isuka isiphetho eRoma. umlando sidilizwa ubelokhu abanesifiso imbongi, futhi ikakhulukazi indaba ephathwayo intando ekuthunjweni, owawungumnyaka efanele ikakhulukazi ezikhathini zasendulo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi ekuqaleni ka Pushkin waphawula ODE "Liberty", eyabhalwa kuye ngo-1817, eminyakeni engaba yikhulu ngaphambi Russian Revolution. Kakade lapha kwaba ikakhulukazi eligcwele lenkululeko abathanda amazwi Pushkin. Indzaba "Liberty" - lokhu kuphikisa kulo lonke izwe, ucingo inkululeko, ukulingana kanye ithimba labantu abanentshisekelo. Ulila ngokuthi izwe abahlala uyaqhubeka ukuya ngendlela engafanele kanye nokungalungile, futhi ikhuthaza bonke abantu ukuba ngilidlulisele inkululeko, ukuqala ukuphila ngendlela ehlukile.

Ukuqhubeka yezindlela okudala

Lapho efunda esikoleni esiphakeme Alexander wafunda kuze 1920. Kuyo yonke iminyaka ama yokufundisa, waqhubeka ukuthatha simise imbongi-Decembrist. Kuyinto Ode to "Liberty" - ngowokuqala kakhulu inkululeko abathanda isosha esihlatshelelwayo amavesi Pushkin azihambayo ezidinga ukuba sibonise kuzo abacindezelwe ukuba avukele lwabacindezeli babo. Kulesi Ode to imbongi omkhulu uphendukela umculi enkululeko ngoba onesiphiwo ugqozi lwakhe, bese umelana kobushiqela. Uyakhumbula felukholo yizingane eziba yizisulu ezingenacala, futhi amabutho abafundi ukuthuthumela ngenxa nokungalungi okugcwele kulo mhlaba.

Ngo-1918, indodana omkhulu Russian wabhala inkondlo "Ukuze NY Plyuskovoy" elaba wasendlini udumo ka iNdlovukazi. Kulesi inkondlo emfushane, imbongi, abafundi wavula isimo sabo zezombangazwe yaleyo minyaka, okuyinto kwahluka abathanda ifilosofi. Ukhuluma inkimbinkimbi abantu isiRashiya, captivates kuye, futhi ubukhazikhazi imperial nemicikilisho, ngokuphambene nalokho, uzifihle. Uzindla izwe lakhe, nomgomo wakho zomlando, abantu ezinkulu Russian.

Inkondlo "Ukuze Chaadaev"

Lokhu inkondlo kungenye umkhiqizo eyaqala ukuvelela inkululeko abathanda amazwi Pushkin. Amazwibela encwadi ethi esifushane, kodwa capacious ngakho ngaphakathi kokuchaza le nkondlo - e ebiza enye intsha. A call nivuthulule sindiso wobusha futhi ibaduduze umoya savuka esithile senkululeko, futhi banikezele ukuphila kwabo ezweni labo. Lona ngumlayezo siqu esivela kumngane empeleni kwenzakala ukunxusa zezombusazwe. Manje Chaadayev nje umngane wobusha bakhe, ukwabelana ukuzijabulisa yakhe, bese uhlanganisa futhi umhleli.

Zonke inkondlo uphefumula ubuzwe umoya ayenawo futhi iphela ngo-inothi ukuthi ayemakhulu amathemba ababenawo: umfanekiso izinkanyezi ofufusayo elikushoyo ekunqobeni nenkululeko ekulweni ukungalingani kanye nengcindezelo.

Inkondlo "The Village"

Lokhu inkondlo Alexander wabhala ngo-1819, esafunda ezindongeni Lyceum, ngemuva kohambo oluya edolobhaneni Mikhailovskoye. Freedom abathanda amazwi Pushkin wathola reflection enkulu yalesi ezimbili inkondlo.

Ingxenye yokuqala liyavumelana kakhulu futhi uchaza ubuhle emaphandleni isiRashiya, isimo sawo futhi ububanzi. Kuyinto kulezi zindawo ikakhulukazi ephefumulelwe imbongi ngabheka ubuhle. Yonke indawo siqonde ubuhle emaphandleni, lapho imbongi achitha isikhathi esingaka. Nokho, ingxenye Inkondlo yesibili akuyona njengoba serene njengoba kuqala. Lapha-ke wathinta phezu kwabantu isiRashiya, ubugqila, serfdom nokucindezelwa. Uqhathanisa lesi sizwe ngokuthi "izacile" futhi gentility "zasendle". Banomuzwa wokuthi imbongi olukhulu umphefumulo idabukile, asikwazanga ukuthola ukuthula. "Kukhona ijoka kubuhlungu ethuneni, konke kuhilela", - lifundza string futhi ekupheleni umbuzo yahlala ingaphenduliwe: "Mina uzobona eh, ngabangane, abantu neugnetenny?"

Inkinga emhlabeni imbongi sika

1923 waba unyaka esibucayi, imibono kanye nemibono imbongi. Noma yimuphi imisinga izinguquko kanye libertarian azizivuni amathemba akhe kanye amathemba, kuyadumaza kuye. Yingakho inkululeko abathanda amazwi Pushkin le minyaka ishintshile kakhulu. Umsebenzi wokuqala, libonise ukubukwa entsha imbongi, kwaba le nkondlo "Freedom umhlwanyeli ehlane." Kuyo, libhekisela izizwe eziye bazivumelanisa nezimo yobugqila kanye nobugqila. Futhi kule imigqa yale nkondlo ingena incazelo entsha inkululeko - okungukuthi into. Uyaqaphela ukuthi iminyaka yobudala ezinzima, "okuqukethwe abantu zokuthula 'nge okungenani izinto ezibonakalayo, futhi kuvimbela it.

Lokucindezela yokuvukela ka Decembrists futhi sithonywa kakhulu Alexander Sergeyevich. Ayemazi mathupha nge eziningi Decembrists futhi wazama ngokusebenzisa izinkondlo zakhe ukuba zigcine morale abo nokugxilisa ithemba ezinhliziyweni zabo. Ungaqonda ukuthi ukushintsha amazwi Pushkin, kafushane sagijima sigudla imigqa kulabo ezinkondlweni eziningana, eyayibonakala esibhekiswe Decembrists, bathunjwe. inkondlo yakhe "Arion" --prototype ye kuvukela, lapho-ke kuqinisekisa imibono yayo yokuzithandela. Yena okholwa ukuthi imbangela inkululeko uyosibonisa futhi "ngamaketanga asindayo uyowa."

Ukuphela eko

Alexander - walilwela ngokwemvelo, njalo nokuzindla. Esikhathini eko ngasekupheleni, ubhekisela uhlobo olusha inkululeko - nenkululeko lokusungula. Lokhu naye ezahlukweni eminye yemisebenzi yakhe. Yena kubalulekile "inkululeko enkondlo", ohlukanisa ke labo abangamazi lokhu angaqondakali. Uma ulandela "kokuphefumulelwa Muse", kungenzeka ukuba sifinyelele lo mgomo. Lo mugqa kuyabonakala enkondlweni "The Poet," "The Poet futhi isixuku."

iminyaka phakathi

Freedom abathanda amazwi Pushkin othola siphinde sihlaziye ngesikhathi ukuvuthwa imbongi. Isithombe wenkululeko e amafomu amasha - okungukuthi, inkululeko selivela yangaphakathi, siqu. Useyenqaba wangaphambili wamavukelambuso volnodumskih izinhloso, zikhetha ezolile futsi wabaniketa kuthula kwengcondvo. Ngo-1834, enkondlweni "Sekuyisikhathi, umngane wami, sekuyisikhathi!" Ubhala ukuthi emhlabeni akukho injabulo, kodwa kukhona ukuthula kanye nenkululeko. Ngo-1836, u-Alexander wabhala inkondlo "Kusukela Pindemonti", okuyinto futhi libhekisela embonweni omusha womkhakha inkululeko, okuyinto kude izimiso zangaphandle.

Ngawo lowo nyaka imbongi omkhulu wabhala inkondlo "Mina ngiyindlela wakha isikhumbuzo ngokusoka okungenziwanga ngezandla," uma wafingqa zonke ikhono lakhe lokusungula. Lo msebenzi ubhekwa itestamente lakhe kwezobuciko: ". Yini Ngizizwa okuhle olunezintambo uphapheme, Kuyini ngangami nesihluku mina adunyiswe inkululeko sa kwabawayo"

isiphetho

On isihloko "isosha esihlatshelelwayo inkululeko-onothando ka Pushkin" - kombiko abafundi ukulungele ngokuvamile amakilasi abaphezulu. Ngaphandle ulwazi impilo kanye nomsebenzi omkhulu Russian imbongi kunzima ukubiza ngokwami indoda Russian, yingakho bonke abantu kufanele bazi-mlando ezinkulu zokuphila kwakhe.

Ngokungangabazeki, u-Alexander - umshumayeli inkululeko nemibono yayo, okuyinto, nokho, iye yashintshwa eside kulo ezimibalabala yayo, kodwa ukuphila letimfishane. Lokhu kwakubangelwa izinguquko sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe, izenzakalo ezenzeka nembongi kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Asikwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi inkululeko abathanda isosha esihlatshelelwayo zezinkondlo Pushkin sika, abathandwa izigidi zabafundi uhlu imisebenzi - ifa elikhulu okudala imbongi. Futhi abantu Russian bangaziqhayisa le mfuyo. '