Isimo sezwe - kunzima ukuhambisa endaweni

Isimo sezwe - iyingxenye ebusweni Earth nabantu izimo nzima ukuhamba. Isihloko, Uma unganakile, singahlangabezani kwencazelo, noma akazange ngokunembile elichaza insimu enjalo. Mazombezombe Igama elithi isetshenziswa lapha elisho "ukuzwe" ka komhlaba nge izimila ezehlukene. Zakha semfene, futhi lokhu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi sekhefu. Lezi zokwakheka kungaba usuke ngaphezu komhlabathi.

Village: definition kanye izakhiwo

Emifuleni, emachibini, emagqumeni nasezintabeni, kwamahlathi namaxhaphozi - konke lokhu kushintsha ukuma komhlaba. Isimo sezwe - umqondo wokuthi ngokunembile ephawula endaweni efanayo. Isichazamazwi isenzo esithi "isiphambano" bubonisa ukuthi le nkulumo isetshenziswa ukubaluleka determinant zekhwalithi noma izakhiwo endaweni ethile. Ngenye indlela, singasho ukuthi kule ndawo komhlaba inqanyulwa up by izakhi ezihlukahlukene impumuzo.

Isimo sezwe kusho ukuthi le ndawo 20% noma izinhlobo ezingaphezu izithiyo, ngandlela-thile ziphazamise ukunyakaza lula ezahlukene. Zingase zemvelo noma eyayenziwe wadala izinto. Uma izithiyo ezinjalo ngaphansi kuka-20%, kuyisiko ukupha abashadayo ukhulume crossovers encane.

Imigwaqo, overpasses, iziteshi nemizana Akhiwa indoda, futhi ezindaweni izifundo. Futhi konke lokho imvelo wadala, ibizwa ngokuthi impumuzo. Ukuma Isayensi study lezi zinto ngabanye, inhlanganisela yabo, kanye nezindlela ukubonisa ebalazweni.

Ngakho, ngaphansi sezwe elithile bona nge ekhona ezweni ubuso bayo semfene izinto zemvelo kanye eyayenziwe wadala (izinto). Uma kunjalo esingaphansi ngo-10%, bese le ndawo ubhekwa non-ukunquma. Bangaphezu kuka-30% - ubufakazi engu- eqinile.

Permeability - isakhiwo endaweni efuze leyo, enikeza ukuqonda mayelana kalula noma kunzima ukunyakaza kwakhe. Lapha isici main iyona khona noma ukungabi khona imigwaqo. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuba khona izigodi, imifula, amahlathi, noma amaxhaphozi kunciphisa permeability. Ukuze wandise ke, kubalulekile ukuba bafeze umsebenzi wobunjiniyela.

Ngakho-ke, yonke indawo ngaphandle umgwaqo evamile engu-. degree kwakho kuncike khona noma ukungabi khona izithiyo kuso njengoba amaphesenti. Ukwabela izingxenye Easy futhi kunzima, kanye ezindaweni lapho kungekho kungenzeka ukunyakaza.

izici

Isimo sezwe (isithombe ke posted esihlokweni) is nanulsu kuye amathuba wokubuka. Kuyinto evulekile, uma endaweni iyabonakala kalula angafika ku-75% kuzo zonke izindawo. Uma ubheka izinga kancane ukhulume ekusithekeni. Inani Lesisemkhatsini angase libhekene yokuwela ezivamile. Lunqume kulokhu khona amahlathi, izingadi, amagquma, zasemizaneni ingqalasizinda, nokukhawulela ukubonakala.

Inhlabathi nohlaza kuso bese silungisa. Kuye uhlobo ezindaweni zabo kukhona ehlane, asemaqeleni, ehlathini, emathafeni, amaxhaphozi kanye nezinhlobo zesikhashana. Indawo kungaba inamagquma, flat noma sezintaba sezwe. Ukuze uthole surface flat elinesimo ukuphakama m 300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle okunemibandela. indawo emazombezombe - kuba ikakhulukazi insimu inamagquma ngesimo sezwe nzima. Intaba izindawo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu kuye ngokuthi ezindaweni eziphakemeyo linqoba :. okuphansi - abafika kwabangu-1000 m, ngokwesilinganiso --2000 amamitha eliphezulu - amamitha angaphezu kuka-2,000 inamagquma kunqunywa awalethe ofika ku-500 m.

ngokucacile

I nendawo ezingoxingoxi kuthinta kusakhiwo nendawo lamalokishi kunethiwekhi komgwaqo. Kusukela ngezinga elithile incike izici zezulu yesifunda. Umhlabathi zalezi zindawo futhi ngokuvamile ethize. Kuthinta izimila, amazinga aphasi kanye nokwenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwabo nezidingo zobuntu futhi Imishini ekutshaleni kwamasiko.

I ezinothe kakhulu omnyama inhlabathi futhi kubhekwe eduze kwabo nenhlabathi onsundu. Kodwa abasibekela ewubhuqu ngenkathi ngokuchichima imvula incane efanelekayo. Okuvame kakhulu semi Sandy loam nosawoti emaxhaphozini. Kwenziwa, ngokungafani inhlabathi (evundile ungqimba phezulu) ziwusizo ukwakhiwa. Lezi bazabela zihlukaniswe enamadwala, okuxekethile ushintsho.

Objects endaweni, kuye ngenjongo, indawo, ukuma imvelaphi zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana:

• emizaneni;
• ezakhiwe ngoba izimboni, ezolimo kanye namasiko;
• imigwaqo kanye ezokuthutha nezokuxhumana;
• imigqa zokuxhumana namandla;
• nohlaza;
• izinto lokuhlola amanzi (imifula, amachibi) nezici amanzi nabo (izimbobo, marinas, zinsika).

izakhi impumuzo

Isimo sezwe - kuba engalingani, ekutholeni uhlobo kanye nohlobo komhlaba. Bona zihlukaniswe izinhlobo zosizo. Gore - kuyinto egqumeni oluyingungu noma oyindilinga. Le ngxenye engenhla kungenzeka ifomu acute (isiqongo) noma kokuba indiza (ithafa). Mount base libizwa ematheni futhi ohlangothini ubhekene - izindlovu. Uma ukuphakama kumiswa 200 m, kuyisiko ukupha abashadayo ukuyibiza egqumeni. Uma kuwukuthi ezenziwe umuntu, kungcono indunduma. awalethe eziningana wahlela kwelinye direction ukwakha yokhalo.

Ukwehlisa sezwe nge ukucindezeleka isitsha emise ngokuthi i-closed-umcengezi. Uma incane, kuba umgodi. Dell ebizwa ngokuthi wawubona ukunciphisa endaweni luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa kusobala ukucindezeleka lubonakale. Uma kumiswa okunjalo imiphetho emaweni futhi emithambekeni emaweni, ibizwa ngokuthi udonga. Phakathi iziqongo emibili elandelanayo yokhalo kujwayele ukuthi ukuwa. ukwakheka okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi i-sehhashi.

Ukuhamba ezindaweni

sezwe Complex futhi izithiyo ukuhamba kwimodi ejwayelekile asifanele kakhulu. Uma une ukuya kule ndawo, kungcono ukuba ukhethe isilwane abavelele amathrekhi, imigodi kanye netintfo ngokuphephile olele phansi. Ukuze uphakamise ekhuphuka entabeni kuhle ukusebenzisa imishini elisizayo nezinye izinsimbi. Ikakhulukazi doti kuyingozi, ngoba bangase bakuthathe akha rockfall.

Movement izingxenye owendlalekile engenziwa walinganisa ukuhamba Rhythmic noma egijima (ukugijima). Izithiyo kwenza ukubambezela azibukisise ngasezinyaweni zakhe, ukuze ukuvula ngezinyawo noma isenyelo. Ihlathi, ixhaphozi, ezihlabayo, isihlabathi noma iqhwa - konke lokhu kudinga ukuthuthukiswa izinyathelo ezithile.

Ukutholakala imithwalo ngemuva, emthambekeni noma ephoqelela ekukhuphukeni zimfuneko ezengeziwe. Ukwehla ngezinye izikhathi kuhle ukuba enze "oyinyoka". Lapho emaweni ummango umlenze agqoke zonke ngezinyawo noma ukuhlela kwabo "herringbone", esakaza amasokisi uhlangothi, futhi umzimba esitshekile kancane phambili.

gymkhana

Isimo sezwe - a indawo efanelekayo yalo mncintiswano. Bangakwazi zingahlelwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Racing on ensimini, snaring, ukugijima isudi, Ukushushuluza, amabhayisikili, izithuthuthu kanye nezimoto. Unqamule izwe ingxenye esinye sezifundo of Athletics. Umncintiswano lokuqala olusemthethweni kulo mdlalo (unqamule izwe) yayiqhutshelwa 1837. World Championship wawuba ngasekuqaleni 1973. imincintiswano Esemthethweni ngokuvamile ekwindla nasebusika emva kokuphothulwa main ithrekhi futhi ensimini isizini.

Unqamule izwe egijima kahle isebenza kuzo zonke izicubu nezinye izimiso zomzimba. Ingoma ngokuvamile sibekwa zone ihlathi noma ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ubude kungenzeka, kuncike yinkimbinkimbi kwesigaba kusuka km 3 kuya ku-12. izimo zemvelo mncintiswano ayiphazamiseki. izinhlanga ngokuvamile kwenzeke imvula, iqhwa kanye imimoya enamandla.

Unqamule izwe izitimela ngaphandle amandla kwemisipha ukukhuthazela, kuqinisa amalunga nemisipha, uphulukisa inhliziyo futhi semithambo uhlelo. Layisha at ekunqobeni izithiyo akhulule ngempumelelo ukucindezeleka futhi isenzo njengoba amandla eqinile.