Isifo senhliziyo - kuyini? izifo zenhliziyo azalwa naso futhi wathola, uphethwe zabo

Sitholakele "isifo senhliziyo" kusho khona yokuphazamiseka isakhiwo imisipha yenhliziyo. Kungaba noma azalwa naso noma bathenga. Esimweni sokuqala, lesi sifo ihlonzwe usunayo i usana, okwesibili ke okhula isikhathi esithile, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa liyadingeka ukwelapha ngokuphelele isifo senhliziyo.

Kuyini - azalwa naso inhliziyo isici?

isimo sokugembula kungenzeka uma ingane isivele ozalwa. Ngaphambili, kwakubhekwa njengento isifo esibulalayo izingane, kodwa intuthuko emkhakheni ukuhlinzwa nomthelela ukuqedwa ngempumelelo kakhulu lolu songo. Nokho, akubona bonke abantu abadala abahlupheka usewusana yisifo senhliziyo uqhubeke nokwelashwa isikhulile, futhi lokhu yokwelapha is, ezimweni eziningi, kumelwe.

izimpawu

Izimpawu kanye izimpawu zesifo singenzeka kuphela iminyaka eminingana ngemva kokuzalwa. Zingabonisa emva kokuphothulwa ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa iminyaka kabusha. Kubantu abadala, ngokuvamile baphawula izimpawu zezifo ezilandelayo:

• normal inhliziyo isigqi (arrhythmia);
• isikhumba bluish umbala (cyanosis);
• iphika;
• kuqala okusheshayo imizwa yokukhathala ngemva kokuzivivinya;
• isiyezi noma ekuqulekeni ukuthambekela;
• ukuvuvukala izicubu emzimbeni noma izitho zangaphakathi (edema).

Uma izimpawu zezifo sokukhathazeka (futhi ikakhulukazi uma azibonakali kuqine iphika noma ubuhlungu besifuba), kufanele ngokushesha kudokotela.

izizathu

Inhliziyo sehlukaniswe emakamelweni ezine eziyize - amabili ohlangothini lwesokudla futhi ezimbili ngakwesokunxele. Lezi izinhlangothi zinemisebenzi eyahlukene zibuye, ndawonye iqhaza ukuqaliswa umsebenzi eziyisisekelo inhliziyo - uzotshala igazi.

Ilungelo umzimba isigamu uqondisa igazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha emaphashini, ngokuthi imithambo yamaphaphu. Ahlanganiswe oksijini, ke igazi agelezela lwesokunxele inhliziyo ngokusebenzisa wamaphaphu (yamaphaphu) emthanjeni. Khona-ke, ngaphansi anomoya-mpilo, udabula elikuyi-aorta ne-abaqondiswa ngayo ukuba zonke izingxenye zomzimba.

Lesi sifo - yesifo senhliziyo azalwa naso - avame ikhulela ingane kakade esibelethweni. Ngenyanga yokuqala esesibelethweni, inhliziyo fetus iqala ukushaya. Kuleli qophelo, umzimba ngamapayipi okufana ukuma inhliziyo. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho bacale kutfutfukisa izakhiwo ezakha amabili hlangana neengcezu of imisipha yenhliziyo, futhi imikhumbi emikhulu igazi zinengxenye nokusakazwa igazi emzimbeni emuva naphambili.

Phakathi nale nkathi wokukhula kwengane esiswini ngokuvamile manifest amaphutha. Nokho, i-Science akwaziwa yini imbangela eqondile izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo, indima ebalulekile kungenzeka ukudlala ngemuva zofuzo, umthamo we imithi khona nakwezinye izifo.

engcupheni

Uyaziqaphela izimo ngaphansi okuvame kakhulu ukuthuthukisa nesifo senhliziyo. Kuyini - umusho ocacile noma nje kungenzeka theory? Izici ezilandelayo eziyingozi ngenxa ukubukeka yesifo senhliziyo azalwa naso akufanele aphathwe njengomuntu amaphesenti ayikhulu izimfanelo sokuthuthukiswa isifo, kodwa ezinye izici zofuzo kanye empilweni kamama empeleni kabi impilo umntwana ongakazalwa. Phakathi lezi zici efakwe ohlwini:

• isimungumungwane German. Uma owesifazane othile owayesegule ne-rubella ngesikhathi ekhulelwe, isifo angabangela izinguquko sokugembula kule nokwakheka inhliziyo yengane.
• Isifo sikashukela. Uma umuntu wesifazane okhulelwe is ukuthi nginesifo sikashukela, owokuqala noma uhlobo lwesibili, kunobungozi yokuphazamiseka isakhiwo se-fetus senhliziyo esilimele. sikashukela sokukhulelwa, nokho, awukhulumi kwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
• Imithi. Ukusetshenziswa ezinye izidakamizwa eyenqatshelwe ukwamukela abesifazane abakhulelwe, kungaholela ezihlukahlukene kwasekuzalweni, kuhlanganise ukukhubazeka inhliziyo ukuba. Phakathi ukuthaka imithi enjalo zincike, isibonelo, isotretinoin isetshenziswa ekwelapheni induna, kanye lithium zinikwa bipolar disorder, okubangela okukhulu kwemizwelo noma hypomania.
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi ukhulelwe futhi kungaholela yokuthi ingane babonakalise yesifo senhliziyo azalwa naso.

Hlobo luni kuhlasela - a ufuzo?

Azalwa naso inhliziyo yayo yayinezinkinga ezicini ngokuvamile kukhona zokugula lezinceku ngobulili kusukela abazali izingane. Basuke ephelezelwa syndromes eziningi zofuzo.

Ngakho, isigamu sezingane ezine-Down syndrome, kubangelwa khona extra-chromosome 21 (trisomy) abe nesifo senhliziyo. Ucwaningo lwamuva zofuzo enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukubona izimo ezifana sokugembula kusaqalwa wokukhula kwengane esiswini.

yezinkinga

Azalwa naso futhi wathola inhliziyo yayo yayinezinkinga ezicini ngokuvamile singaholela ezinkingeni emva kweminyaka kuphela ekupheleni yokwelapha eyinhloko. Njengoba kobukhulu isici ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, lesi sifo, ngokusho izibalo, okuholela ezihlukahlukene izinkinga. Ngo abadala Uvame ukuzithola:

• Okungavamile inhliziyo isigqi (arrhythmia). ukwephulwa ezinjalo zenzeka ngenxa operation engalungile amaza kagesi wenhliziyo ezixhumanisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Umphumela ngokuvamile kakhulu too slow noma umane ishayela okungajwayelekile. Arrhythmia esivamile iziguli izifo zenhliziyo. Kwenzeka noma ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi isici kuvimbela conduction ejwayelekile amaza kagesi, noma ngoba wayenemfuyo sezicubu zezinzwa - isibanda ukwakheka esikhundleni ukuhlinzwa odlule zokulungisa. Kwezinye iziguli lesi arrhythmia kube kubi nakakhulu, futhi ngaphandle ukwelashwa okufanelekile kungaholela engelapheki okungazelelwe ukuboshwa inhliziyo.
• Izifo ezithathelwanayo wenhliziyo (endocarditis). I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi inhliziyo siqukethe emakamelweni ezine valve amane, camera - endocardium. Endocarditis ngokuthi ukuvuvukala ulwelwesi kwangaphakathi. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho amagciwane noma ezinye izilwanyana ezincane ukuze ukungena omunye ingxenye yomzimba (isib, umlomo) futhi kamuva - emgudwini wegazi. Ngegazi basuke uyiswa inhliziyo ihlale lapho, okubangela ukuvuvukala. In the ukungabikho ukwelashwa okufanele ka endocarditis okwaziyo ukubhubhisa noma ukonakalisa valve inhliziyo, kanye inhlamvu unhlangothi. Uma une sokwenziwa inhliziyo valve endaweni, noma kwatholwa ukwelashwa nge kubekwa material wokufakelwa (noma uma isifo senhliziyo akuyona belashwa ngokuphelele), udokotela ngeke antibiotic ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi izifo ezithathelwanayo.
• Stroke. A stroke kwenzeka uma igazi ligeleze ingxenye yobuchopho ivinjelwe noma encishisiwe kanzima, okuholela kwezicubu ubuchopho beswela mpilo nezakhi.
• Ezinye inhliziyo yayo yayinezinkinga ezicini azalwa naso futhi wathola kwandisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi: izinguquko sokugembula wenhliziyo ivumela amahlule (thrombus) kusukela umthambo ku inhliziyo ukuya bese bakhuphukele ubuchopho. Izinhlobo ezithile arrhythmias futhi ingozi amahlule okuholela unhlangothi.
• ukuhluleka Inhliziyo. Lokhu uphethwe kusho ukuthi inhliziyo ayikwazi ukumpompa igazi ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zomzimba. Izifo "isifo senhliziyo" ngokuvamile kakhulu kuholela ukuthuthukiswa ephethwe yisifo senhliziyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlukumeza angagcina ngenxa ezinye izifo, kuhlanganise nezifo kwemithambo yegazi yenhliziyo (ukuze umphumela uvamise kuba isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi rheumatism isifo senhliziyo), kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Lezi zifo ukuphuca imisipha yenhliziyo force kudingekile - ngenxa luba buthaka noma kuba eqinile nakho ngeke kusize kakhulu ukugcwalisa kahle bese ekhiphela igazi kahle. Okungalapheki senhliziyo zingelashwa yimithi. Izinyathelo ezifana ukusebenza nokuvivinya umzimba, nomkhawulo usawoti (i-sodium) ekudleni, ukuphathwa ukucindezeleka kanye nesisindo nokwehlisa, futhi ukusiza ukuvimbela ukugcwala uketshezi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila.
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu yamaphaphu. Lolu hlobo lwe-high blood pressure kuthinta Umthambo wamaphaphu kuphela. Ezinye izinhlobo ukukhubazeka inhliziyo ukwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi emaphashini. Nge ingcindezi enkulu ekamelweni engezansi kwesokudla imisipha yenhliziyo (i-ventricle yangakwesokudla) bazolokhu ukudonsa igazi ukudlula emaphashini, okuholela buthaka ngokuqhubekayo inhliziyo. Uma isikhathi ayiboni inkinga, kukhona ingozi kokulimala imithambo yamaphaphu.
• Pathology we valve inhliziyo. Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi ukukhubazeka inhliziyo musa ibange inkathazo zisencane, njengoba zikhula thuthuva amadala abe evelele. Ngezinye izikhathi valve usehlinzwe noma esikhundleni umuntu eseyingane, kudinga ukuhlinzwa esisha kanye nabantu abadala. Okunye ukwelashwa, lidlule ebuntwaneni, ngezinye izikhathi kufanele okuphindaphindiwe, futhi ngemva kweminyaka embalwa.

ukuhlola

Uma udokotela osola azalwa naso inhliziyo isici noma babekholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka izinkinga zempilo zamanje kubangelwa ukhona, uyoveza ngihlolwa kokuqala, okuhlanganisa ukulalela inhliziyo nge IselulekoSesihenqo.

Uma uchwepheshe uthola kokunikezwa kwe-ukushaya kwenhliziyo, lokho kungase kubonise ukuthi ukuba khona noma ukuqhubeka isimo sokugembula - kuhlanganise isifo senhliziyo. Kuyini futhi iphathwa kanjani? Ukuze siphendule le mibuzo, bese senza ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe, lo Udokotela angase anikeze isiguli nezinye izifundo, phakathi okuyinto ngokuvamile uhlanganisa:

• Kuvele electrocardiogram (ECG). Lolu cwaningo ivumela ukulungisa umsebenzi kagesi imisipha yenhliziyo. isifo senhliziyo syndrome iphazamisa yezinzwa, okuholela inhliziyo isigqi thuthuva (arrhythmias). Ukuba khona zokugula kungabuye wehlulelwa amaphethini amasignali.
• X-reyi yesifuba. -X-ray uvumele odokotela ukuba ukuhlola ngokunembile isimo senhliziyo namaphaphu.
• Echocardiogram. izithombe echocardiogram akhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa amaza omsindo. Imiphumela Fixed cwaningo kabanzi sitholakele isifo senhliziyo.
• Electrocardiogram kanye nemsebenti lotsintsa umtimba. Lolu cwaningo olwenziwa ukuhlola isimo zezempilo jikelele futhi umsebenzi kagesi zenhliziyo. Phakathi ukuvivinya umzimba ngaphezu kwalokho kulinganiswa ukushaya kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi. Umthwalo ngokuvamile ukusebenza ku-treadmill ekhethekile noma ngebhayisikili emile. Ngezinye izikhathi kudinge nemishini ekhethekile yokuthungatha kokuhlola-mpilo ukusetshenziswa. Uma isiguli umsebenzi contraindicated, udokotela esikhundleni imithi ekhethekile, okuyinto ukwandisa kwenhliziyo futhi ngakhula ukugeleza kwegazi. echocardiograms indlela kuhlanganiswe umzimba ejimini akuyona ayisasebenzi ngendlela ukuthola isifo senhliziyo. Sifo kulokhu ubhekwa eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• tomography ngekhompyutha (CT) noma i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lezi zinhlobo izifundo avame ukusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa sitholakele isifo senhliziyo. Ukuze isifinyezo esebenza nge-computer tomography nesineke amanga etafuleni ngaphakathi emshinini, ezibumbeke njengebholo Ungalokothi. tube Radiographic ngaphakathi indlela esihamba emzimbeni futhi ukukhiqiza izithombe inhliziyo nasesifubeni. MRI wenhliziyo - lokhu izifundo imaging, usebenzisa magnetic field nomsakazo amagagasi ukudala isithombe isitho yangaphakathi. Ukuze kukhiqizwe isithombe isiguli amanga etafuleni ngaphakathi emshinini, efanayo ngokubukeka epayipini eside (capsule). Kulesi indlela, kazibuthe, wayala zama-athomu e amanye amaseli. Lapho zama-athomu kuthinte umsakazo negagasi amasignali impendulo kungacacisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo Indwangu namangqamuzana ezifanele. Ngesisekelo isignali eyamukelwe Kwenziwa isithombe imisipha yenhliziyo - futhi ibekwe noma zingamanga sitholakele "isifo senhliziyo" (isifo kungaphansi ngezigaba eminye).
• catheterization senhliziyo. Lolu cwaningo olwenziwa ukuze uhlole ukugeleza kwegazi futhi ingcindezi enhliziyweni. I Umthambo ku perineum, entanyeni noma ingalo ufakwa ipayipi, okuyinto lase ngesineke eyenziwa emakamelweni imisipha yenhliziyo usebenzisa umshini-X-ray ukuthi osakaza izithombe izibilini ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngemva avunyelwe ipayipi colorant, futhi i-apharathasi-X-ray ithumba izithombe izitsha inhliziyo negazi. Le nqubo efanayo ivumela ukulinganisa umfutho emakamelweni.

sokukhulelwa

Isifo senhliziyo ekukhulelweni kunomthelela ukuthuthukiswa izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ngakho ochwepheshe batusa ukuba xhumana nodokotela ngaphambi lokukhulelwa ingane. Njengomthetho, iziguli ezinemishini kwezinso omnene unawo wonke amathuba ukuze yokuzala yimpumelelo, Nokho, abanye abesifazane zinokukhubazeka inhliziyo, odokotela kakhulu belulekwa senqabe uhlela ukukhulelwa. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi uma umuntu ezimbalwa sitholakale isifo senhliziyo, lesi sifo, kungenzeka wadlula ifa nengane. Uma ukhathazekile mayelana nalolu daba, ubhalisele kusengaphambili for babonisana nge onguchwepheshe zofuzo.

Ngazuza senhliziyo valvular

Kuyini lokhu? Lokhu izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo, ukuthuthukiswa lwaqala ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane. Ukungasebenzi ahlobene nezinguquko enhliziyweni umphini - stenosis kanye / noma esingamahlalakhona. Izimbangela ukukhubazeka okunjalo zihlanganisa amagciwane, ukuvuvukala, autoimmunity, overload emakamelweni inhliziyo; i-izimfanelo ezivamile kuya zokugula wathola rheumatism, endocarditis (ukutheleleka), kanye isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi (yenhliziyo Umthambo isifo). Atherosclerotic noma rheumatism isifo senhliziyo kungase kube njengoba aqhelelene futhi sochetannym - kuye isibalo valve ethintekile. Ukuqinisekisa khona azalwa naso noma bathenga isifo senhliziyo usebenzisa efanayo ukuhlola kokuthola inkinga.

ukwelashwa

Njengoba kukhona degrees yesifo senhliziyo obuhlukahlukene, zokwelapha kungaba ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Udokotela angase ulungise sipho ngqo uqobo ukuhlukumeza kwanoma iyiphi ikhambi savela ngenxa ke inkinga. Izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• njalo bayohlolwa nguchwepheshe. A inhliziyo yayo yayinezinkinga ezicini kuqhathaniswa ayinangozi angadingi labagula kakhulu - yanele ukuba ngezikhathi hlola isimo empilweni yakho nodokotela wakho. Ukuhlolwa imvamisa kunqunywa nguchwepheshe.
• Imithi. Ezinye izifo amenable yokwelapha izidakamizwa; iziguli ukuthatha imithi ukuthi ngcono imisipha yenhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi iyadingeka futhi ukuthatha ukuze uvimbele kumiswa amahlule noma ukukhuthaza zokuhlala ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Amadivayisi izimila. Amadivayisi ukulawula nokushaya kwenhliziyo (inhliziyo elawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo) noma zokulungisa yingozi okungajwayelekile isigqi (implantable cardioverter-ovuselela, ICD) Vumela ukuphungula ezinye yobunzima obabangelwa azalwa naso senhliziyo.
• Catheterization. Ezinye izinqubo usebenzisa ipayipi ibe nomthelela ekubeni pathologies elashwe ngaphandle ukuhlinzwa. A tube mncane afakwe vein of emkhawulweni aphansi ngokusebenzisa umkhumbi uqhutshwa ukuze inhliziyo ngokusebenzisa radiographic izithombe ukufakwa. Uma ipayipi ifinyelela kwasendaweni isici ngokusebenzisa wazithwala amathuluzi amancane ukulungisa egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.
• Vula Inhliziyo ukuhlinzwa - ukuhlinzwa Kunconywa ezimweni lapho ipayipi kuyinto ayizwakali.
• Inhliziyo ukufakelwa - enye kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa severe isitho kombungu.

Inhliziyo yayo yayinezinkinga ezicini izitsha ziphathwe eliphezulu yokuphila izinguquko. Ngokuvamile, isiguli Kunconywa ukuba banamathele ezimisweni of ukudla okunempilo, ukugcina indlela yokuphila ngokulinganisela asebenzayo ukuba unciphise umzimba futhi nizibhale phansi njalo ukuze imithi.