Isidakamizwa "i-Daraprim": imiyalo yokusetshenziswa, ukubuyekezwa, ukwakheka, ukufana nokubuyekezwa

I-Malaria yiqembu lezifo ezithathelwanayo ezithwala izidakamizwa ezidluliselwa kubantu ngemva kokulunywa kwezinyosi ze-Anopheles. Ukuze isimo esinjalo sesifo somzimba sibonakala yi-fever, chills, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly kanye ne-anemia.

Uma ukwelashwa okungalawuleki nokungalungile kwe-malaria kwenzeka, ukufa (ezimweni eziningi) kwenzeka.

Ngokuvamile, umuthi "Daraprim" usetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi sifo. Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa, ukubuyekezwa, amanani kanye nezifanekiselo zale mithi izonikezwa ngezansi.

Ukwakhiwa, ifomu, ukupakisha kanye nencazelo yokulungiselela

Ukulungiswa kokwelashwa "Daraprim", okufundiswa kuwo okuqukethwe ebhokisini lekhadibhodi, kuqhubeka ukudayiswa ngendlela yamathebulethi ombala omhlophe. Into esebenzayo ye-ejenti ecatshangelwayo yi-pyrimethamine.

Ungathenga le mithi kumaseli omjikelezo, afakwe emaphaketheni ekhadibhodi.

Izici zomkhiqizo wokwelapha

Iyini isidakamizwa "iDaraprim"? Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa ikhombisa ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa se-antiprotozoal. Iqukethe i-antitoxoplasmoid ne-antimalarial effects, iphinde ikhuthaze ukuvimbela i-folate reductase, eguqula i-folic acid ibe i-folinic acid.

Le mithi iphumelela ngokumelene ne-plasmodia ne-agent causative ye-toxoplasmosis. Ibuye isenzo schizontocidal.

Emzimbeni womuntu, isidakamizwa esibuzwayo asithinti amafomu (ngokobulili) we- plasmidedium ye- malaria, ngoba ayinayo imisebenzi ye-gamontocidal. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo iyakwazi ukuvimbela inqubo yokukhulelwa nge-gamont emzimbeni we-transporter (okungukuthi, unomphumela we-gamontostatic).

Izinkomba zokuthola imithi

Isidakamizwa esithi "iDaraprim", okufundiswa kuyo sizobekwa ngezansi, kuhloswe ukwelashwa nokuvimbela i-malaria. Ibuye inqunywe ukuba i-toxoplasmosis (yokubeletha futhi itholakale) ne-uveitis (i-toxoplasmosis noma umsuka ongaziwa).

Amaphilisi okuphambana

Ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo azikwazi ukubeka umuthi "Daraprim"? Imfundo ithi lesi sidakamizwa siyaphikisana nokucindezeleka kwe-hypersensitivity kanye ne-megaloblastic-deficient anemia, ehlobene nokuntuleka kwe-folic acid.

Ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile, lesi sidakamizwa sinqunyelwe izimo ezingenalutho kanye nesibindi noma izinkinga zezinso.

Imithi "Daraprim": imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa

Ama-analogs ala mithi azofakwa kuhlu ngezansi.

Thatha lawa maphilisi kufanele abe ngaphakathi kuphela. Isilinganiso sabo sincike ezinkomba.

Ukuze kuvikelwe i-malaria, umuthi unqunywe i-tablet eyodwa kanye ngosuku. Izingane ezineminyaka engama-5-10 ubudala zinconywa ukuba zithathe imithi ngesilinganiso sehafu.

Isondlo sokuvimbela kufanele iqaliswe ngaphambi nje noma ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika endaweni lapho kunomthelela omkhulu wokuthola i-malaria. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthatha imithi emithini ebonisiwe kufanele iqhutshwe ngenyanga ezayo.

Ungathatha kanjani izidakamizwa ze-malaria "Daraprim"? Imfundo iyazisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwesifo esinjalo kwenziwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Imithi ihlanganiswe ne "Sulfadoxine" noma "Sulfaleno". Inqunywe inani lamaphilisi amathathu nge-1 ukwamukela. Izingane ezineminyaka engu-9-14 zinikezwa amaphilisi amabili e-pyrimetrin, kanti iminyaka engu-4-8 - eyodwa.

Ukwelapha i-toxoplasmosis, izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala kanye nabantu abadala batuswa ukuba bathathe amaphilisi amabili e-"Daraprima" ngosuku, kanye nezingane ezineminyaka engu-2-6-eyodwa.

Isikhathi sokwelashwa nalesi sidakamizwa amaviki angu-3-6. Uma kunesidingo, inkambo ingabuyekezwa.

Izenzakalo ezimbi

Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-anti-malaria kungabangela ukuhlukahluka okuningi kwehlangothi. Sizocasula kakhulu okubonakalayo:

• Ubuhlungu besisu esiswini, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ukomile emqaleni noma emlonyeni, ubuthakathaka, isisindo;
• Usizi, ukuhlanza, i-dermatitis, isifo sohudo (ekuqaleni kokwelashwa), ukuqhuma, ukucindezeleka;
• Shintsha ukuhlobisa isikhumba, umkhuhlane, i-anemia, i-leukopenia;
• Ukuwa kwegazi, thrombocytopenia, isilonda emlonyeni womlomo, phenylalanine, ukulala.

Ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa

"I-Warfarin" ne "Quinidine" yandisa uketshezi nokusebenza komuthi.

Ingozi yokulimala kwesibindi kwesibindi yanda kakhulu uma inhlanganisela ye "Daraprima" ne "Lorazepam". Ukuxoshwa komzimba, okubangwa yi-cytostatics (kuhlanganise ne-Methotrexate), nakho kwanda.

Ezinganeni ezine-leukemia kanye ne-CNS izilonda ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe- "Pirimetamine" kanye ne "Methotrexate", amathuba okuba athunteke.

Kubantu abahlushwa i-myeloid leukemia, i-Cytosine-arabinoside "," i-Aurorubicin "kanye ne-pyrimethamine ingabangela ukuba i-aplasia yamathambo.

Izincomo ezikhethekile zokuthatha izidakamizwa ze-antimalarial

Isidakamizwa esibuzwayo senziwa ngokucophelela kubantu abane-renal noma insufficiency ye-hepatic, kanye nokuntuleka kokubeletha kwe-folic acid noma okubangelwa ukungondleki.

Uma ukwelashwa kwe-toxoplasmosis ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuxoshwa komnkantso wamathambo, kuyadingeka ukwengeze ukuthatha i-folinum calcium noma i-folic acid.

Phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokwelashwa, igazi lesiguli kumele lihlaziywe njalo ngesonto.

Ama-analogs nezindleko

Intengo yezimali ezibuzwayo iphathelene nama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-7-8. Azikho izifanekiselo zesakhiwo kulokhu kulungiselelwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye ochwepheshe bathi imithi enjengokuthi "iMilife", "Zinerit" (powder), "Plakvenil" ne "Lariam" inezakhiwo ezifanayo.

Ukubuyekeza

Manje uyazi izindawo zokwelapha zezidakamizwa "i-Daraprim." Imfundo, intengo yalesi thuluzi nayo yanikezwa kulesi sihloko.

Ukuthola ukubuyekezwa kwabathengi ngalesi sidakamizwa se-anti-malaria kunzima kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, njengoba kwaziwa, cishe ama-85-90% amacala okutheleleka nalesi sifo awela ezindaweni zase-Afrika. Njengomthetho, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu zine-HIV.

Ochwepheshe bathi ngemuva kokusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa, ukufa okubangelwa yi-malaria kuye kwehle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abantu abanethuba lokusebenzisa le ndlela yokutheleleka.