Isi-Udmurt Inkolo: ubuKristu, ubuqaba and Islam. Isiko Udmurtia

indawo Lesibili inombolo iqembu Finno-Ugric Isi-Udmurt abantu hlala. Ngokusho izibalo ezisemthethweni, eRussia, zihlala abantu abangamaphesenti angaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi - ku Isi-Udmurt Republic kanye angomakhelwane izifunda. Injwayelo yokufuna ukuba lesi sizwe siye savela emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, engxenyeni esenyakatho ye Udmurtia Russian ukubuswa eningizimu - Turkic.

Kepha umbuzo ngalokho inkolo Udmurts ke nawa amagatsha ambalwa, iningi labantu abathi ukholo Orthodox, kodwa kukhona labo abathi Islam. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele sinake ukuthi kukhona yisikhathi ngokwanele eside linwetshelwe ebuqabeni.

Kobuqaba Udmurtia

Udmurtia, kanye nezinye Finno-Ugric republic, waba beyizidlova ebuqabeni. UbuKristu baqala ukungena kule XIII leminyaka in ezisenyakatho Udmurtia. Nokho, kwaze kwaba sekupheleni yamukelwe bendawo ngoba kahle isiko ubhapathizo, ukufunda imithandazo kunalokho eside ngokungenakulinganiswa neyinkimbinkimbi ngokungaphezulu, zingayazi ulimi yokukhulekela. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi isikhathi eside ngokwanele isikhathi babe namaqaba. Kodwa kwaba konke enyakatho okuyingxenye, lapho kwaba ithonya lomuntu Russia.

Ingxenye eseningizimu ye Isi-Udmurt Republic isikhathi eside wayecindezelwe Turkic, kuze kokunqotshwa yaseKazan Khanate. ingcindezi ethile kwi inkolo wazizwa Udmurts ababe yingxenye Bulgaria iVolga, futhi kancane kamuva beniyingxenye Golden zidlamlilo. Kodwa Udmurts babezinikele kangaka ubuqaba ukuthi ngisho nangaphansi kokucindezeleka eqinile yamaSulumane, iningi labantu awushintshanga okholweni.

Ukuthuthukiswa ubuKristu

Incwadi yokuqala bafakazela kokufika kobuKristu e Udmurtia, sangomhla ngonyaka 1557. Nakuba babhapathizwa imikhaya Udmurtia 17 nje futhi baba Orthodox, ekuphenduleni lo, lo Tsar Ivan Grozny pha them amanye amalungelo.

Khona-ke, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kuka-100, endaweni Udmurtia kwazanywa ukubandakanya kunobukhulu bendawo abantu Lobu-Orthodox. Uhulumeni isikhathi uNkulunkulu futhi bakhetha ukukwaka inombolo ngokwanele enkulu Orthodox e Udmurtia. Lesi sivumelwano yathumela ezinye izithunywa zevangeli, ngubani babehilelekile ukuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa amasonto hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izikole.

Kodwa-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke enkolweni yobuqaba of Udmurts ngokuqinile washaya igazi, futhi emakhulwini eminyaka amaningi yobuKristu bakhona eyenziwa izinyathelo ezinzima. Abantu abaningi ababekhulekela yazychnichestvu, bashushiswa, amathuna abo futhi wabhidliza lezixuku, inqubo yobuKristu uqobo kwaba kakhulu, kancane kakhulu.

Ubu-Orthodox wathi emakhulwini eminyaka XVIII-XIX

Ngo 1818, ngokokuqala ngqa lapha iKomiti imininingwane ehilelekile engokweBhayibheli, lapho hhayi kuphela wasebenza abapristi abavela eRussia uvuliwe, kodwa futhi kwakusho ezindabeni abapristi Isi-Udmurt. Eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo ke kwenziwa umsebenzi omkhulu, okuholele kuhunyushelwe amaVangeli amane.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu Isi-Udmurt kungukuthi wamelana ngobudlova yenkolelo, ezifana kwakunjalo Mordovia. Iningi lulokhu amaqaba, kodwa ukumelana kwaba yekwentiwa kanye ivaliwe.

Ngaleyo minyaka kwakukhona lobuKristu kancane kancane ngaphandle kunezingqinamba ezinkulu futhi kudingeke zilwe sabantu. Nokho, ngokuvumelana umlando, e Udmurtia ke eziqhutshwa ezimbili imiphakathi anti-Christian.

Abalwa-Orthodox

Ekhulwini XIX e republic kwakukhona ukunyakaza ezimbili nje, umcondvo lobalulekile okwakufanele usethe bendawo ebuKristwini. Omunye wabo kwakungu-ihlelo - "Vylepyrisi". Izinhloko emphakathini abapristi kanye bili bona babehilelekile ukusabisa sabantu futhi lifune wanxusa wonke umuntu ukuba uhlanganyele nabo. Uma bengakwenzi, khona-ke ukuphila kwabo kufika umugqa omnyama, izinkinga eziminyene.

Le nkolo entsha kwaba isitha sawo wonke Isi-Udmurt isiRashiya, futhi zonke senzeka emphakathini okwakwenqatshelwe ukugqoka izingubo ezibomvu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba singalokothi sithintane no-Russian.

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XIX kwakunomuntu ihlelo - "Lipopoklonniki", okuyinto kwaba ngokumelene zonke ezinye izinkolo, kuhlanganise ubuqaba futhi ethandwa kakhulu esizweni. Lo mphakathi ayiboni lutho ngaphandle kokudla kumyshki (vodka kazwelonke) futhi ubhiya eduze Linden kwesihlahla esingcwele, futhi wayebuye ukuvinjelwa Imininingwane ekukhulumisaneni nabantu bezinye izinkolo.

I yenguquko engokwenkolo

Ngenxa 'Multan icala "ubuqaba e Udmurtia aqala ukuncipha. Ngo 1892, intsha eziningana babesolwa ngokuchema ukwenza imihlatshelo ngabantu. Kulapho abantu abaningi beqaphela ukuthi lolu hlobo lokukhulekela akusebenzi.

Izakhamuzi eziningi bayaqiniseka, futhi basakholelwa, ukuthi lokhu cala oqanjiwe nguhulumende isikhathi bendawo ekugcineni kwaba Orthodox ngokuphelele. Kodwa abantu abaningi baye umbono wabo mayelana nokholo, futhi abanye kwakusekhona sigxilile izinkolelo zabo.

Ngo-1917 ensimini ka Udmurtia yesimanje wahlala baningana elikhulu lezifiki Russian. Lokhu kwakwenza ukuthi kube abantu nakakhulu ababe amaKristu phakathi kwabantu Isi-Udmurt. sibalo ethandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi kwaba Gregory Vereshchagin - umpristi Isi-Udmurt. Ukukhulekela isikhathi esichithwa isiRashiya futhi Isi-Udmurt.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba inkolelo ezimbili. Okusho ukuthi wayeya esontweni, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ehlanganisiwe imiqondo obuqaba Orthodox. abalandeli beqiniso ubuqaba ngaleso sikhathi wayengaselona kangaka. Kodwa kulabo ababengabafo abangamaqhawe Staley alisebenzi futhi asakaze izinkolelo zabo phakathi bendawo.

Inkolo kwekhulu XX e Udmurtia

Esikhathini 20s kwekhulu elidlule wadala Isi-Udmurt Autonomous Republic. Kule ndawo kukhona ngokwanele abantu abafundile futhi labo okuthiwa ongqondongqondo. Zonke abathembekile nobuqaba, hhayi badelela futhi akukho ingcindezi ngazo yiziphathimandla. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-10 kule ndawo futhi baqale ushushiso nokubhujiswa nezazi wendawo. kungazelelwe Abapristi baba bayizitha zabantu, futhi bonke ababeza ezandleni neziphathimandla, abangu becindezela.

It okwakwenqatshelwe ahlele imithandazo, abantu kanye amathempelana umndeni kwabhujiswa, wagawula o-Ashera engcwele. Ngokuhamba ukushushiswa isimo republic kwaba nje enhlekeleleni. Kube babonakala izibalo omkhulu ukuluthwa utshwala phakathi bendawo, izinga lokuzalwa phansi kunangonyaka Russian. Emadolobheni lamakhulu, ingabe yonke imizamo senziwa ukuba Russified, futhi Udmurts zomdabu babe Ochwepheshe sasivumela ongaphakeme baqeqeshelwe amakhono kabusha.

Lokhu ukucindezelwa yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-50, futhi kuphela obhekwe 80s inqwaba ukunyakaza kwamasiko livela kuleli zwe, abafuna ukubuyisela isizwe sabo. Ukubuyiselwa ubuzwe nenkolo athungatha, iminyaka eminingi kule ndawo kuleli zwe anezinye ukungaqiniseki, kodwa lapho kuqala 1989, kukhona namanje wokuzuliswa zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni iqala.

republic abakhulu

Nakuba eza besifunda-bhishobhi uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Palladius, owaqala ukubuyiselwa zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni, kodwa akubanga asebenzayo kakhulu kule ndaba enzima. iminyaka 4 kamuva bhishobhi eliholwa u-Archbishop uNicholas, okwase kuphele iminyaka engu eziningana eye waphumelela ngendlela engakholeki.

Eminyakeni emithathu nje inani besonto liye landa exponentially, kwaqala ukuvela abantu abafundile, futhi ngenkathi convents ezintathu avuleka, nokuthi umsebenzi namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Sunday School kwaqalwa, waqala impikiswano yokuqala iphephandaba "Orthodox Udmurtia". U-Archbishop Nicholas esungulwe nokubambisana neziphathimandla zendawo iningi nezazi. Bobu-Orthodox of Udmurts ngesikhathi ayedabula izikhathi yayo best.

Isiko Udmurtia

Njengoba kwabikwa ngaphambili, isiko labantu kwakhiwa bedle izici ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, esifundeni has a zokubhukuda ekhethekile, amasiko.

zokubhukuda kazwelonke

Ngisho 100 edlule, zokulingisa kazwelonke abantu benziwa ekhaya ngezinto ezifana semvu nendwangu. Udmurtka esifundeni esisenyakatho egqoka nelineni isikibha esimhlophe nge ibhibhi ezifekethisiwe (into efana ijazi). It yafakwa ingubo enkulu obhince ibhande.

Engxenyeni eseningizimu yokugqoka republic kuzwelonke lihlukile. Kukhona samanje nelineni ihembe, kodwa yena wagqoka ijazi ijazi noma ijazi. Shirt kufanele igqoke ngaphansi ibhulukwe. Zonke izingubo kufanele zibe nombala, njengoba elimhlophe kwaba kuphela ngezikhathi ezikhethekile. Kungaba ukuhlobisa efekethisiwe kwi izingalo nasesifubeni.

headgear

izigqoko zabesifazane zinezikhathi ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo. Ngenxa yalesi ingubo, ungakwazi ukunquma okuningi umnikazi: yobudala, isimo somshado, nesimo.

Abesifazane abashadile, awayona "yyrkerttet" - ekhanda iphuma ithawula kuphelile. Isici esiphawulekayo lokhu umnqwazo - emikhawulweni ithawula okufanele uhambe ngayo phansi emhlane wakhe. Futhi washada okusezingeni eliphezulu birch namagxolo ungakwazi ukugqoka isigqoko, wazimboza, kufanele sheathe ngendwangu futhi zemali ihlotshisiwe.

Amankazana yiwo lasebunzini - "ukotug" noma ngendwangu isigqoko (kumelwe usayizi encane).

ikhishi Udmurtia

Ukudla ezivamile kulesi sizwe ukuba isinkwa, isobho iphalishi. Esikhathini esidala inyama futhi avalele izitsha kubhekwa ukudla ebusika futhi uzilungiselele kuphela ekwindla nasebusika. Kwakunabanye ezihlukahlukene imifino ethandwa babezisebenzisela cishe kunoma iyiphi ifomu: eluhlaza, abilisiwe, wabhaka, iyisitshulu.

Uma-ke kwaba iholide, kwathiwa ababebakhonza uju etafuleni, ukhilimu omuncu kanye namaqanda. By endleleni, omunye izitsha athandwa kakhulu Udmurtia, okuyinto kwafinyelela kuze kube sesikhathini samanje - amadombolo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenxa Eurovision futhi ukusebenza "Buranovskiye ogogo" emhlabeni usebhekene zokupheka kazwelonke eziningana, perepechi ezinjalo, elalikade ubengase uzame e Udmurtia.

Isiphuzo kazwelonke zabantu isinkwa futhi beetroot kvass, ubhiya futhi Mead. Yiqiniso, isizwe ngasinye has nomnikelo wawo siqu kazwelonke, e Isi-Udmurt - kumyshka (okusanhlamvu phisa).

Inkolo namasiko Isi-Udmurt

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Isi-Udmurt - republic, lapho zaziziningi kangako LabeZizwe yayisitholakala isikhathi bezwa ukushushiswa kwabantu, kodwa akazange aphele amandla. Okwamanje, inkolo Udmurts - Orthodox, kodwa emaphandleni, usengakwazi ukuthola abaningana impela abantu, okuyinto kuze kube yilolu suku kuyinto Anamuhla.

Abantu abanokholo ezifana nokuziphatha izenzo ezihlukahlukene isiko. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokuba ahambe Sakhiwo semndeni "kuala" kwaba egcekeni. Abantu bendawo wayekholelwa ukuthi uhlala vorshud - umnakekeli umoya uhlobo. Zonke umndeni bamlethela umhlatshelo ukudla ezahlukene.

Ngamaholide abapristi Cuale benza izinkonzo ezihlukahlukene ukukhulekelwa konkulunkulu, futhi iqhaza nomndeni. Ngokusebenzisa imikhuba yabo, abapristi ebuzwa nonkulunkulu kuze kube isimo sezulu sisihle, sokuvuna, ezempilo, ukuchuma ngezinto ezibonakalayo, nokuningi. Ngemva kwalokhu, kubhayela yayilungiselela iphalishi isiko, okuyinto kuqala onkulunkulu, khona-ke wadla nabo bonke ababambe iqhaza yesiko. Lesi senzo zithandwa e Udmurtia, futhi kunenkolelo yokuthi yonke imikhaya kufanele ucele inhlalakahle wemimoya niwalethe umhlatshelo izipho ezihlukahlukene.

Nginesiqiniseko sokuthi yonke imizana waba Grove engcwele, lapho izikhathi eziningana unyaka wonke kungaba kwenziwe nemicikilisho ehlukahlukene kanjalo nemikhuleko. Vakashela kwakunokwenzeka kuphela izinsuku oqokiwe ngokukhethekile futhi ukuqoqa ngayo amajikijolo nezinye izithelo sasingavunyelwe nhlobo. Liphinde akuvumelekile Grove engcwele ziklaba izinkomo, ngokuvamile, ukuvakashela kule ndawo akuvunyelwe ukuba umuntu, kuphela ukuqhuba amasiko athile a agodliwe ngokukhethekile usuku.

Esikhungweni kule ndawo kukhona isihlahla, ziqothulwe bangcwatshwa ezihlukahlukene izipho nemihlatshelo yabo ukuze le mimoya abahlala ngomshoshaphansi. Ngokuvamile izisulu ubuyinyoni noma isilwane. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwezinye izindawo, futhi izinsuku womthandazo labetibambile ezifeni engcwele namuhla.

isiphetho

Isi-Udmurt - republic, okuyinto isikhathi eside kwaba ekubeni Orthodox. Nokho, inhloko yabangamashumi Isi-Udmurt Republic (manje lokhu okuthunyelwe okwesikhashana Aleksandr Brechalov) wathi bathi kule minyaka yamuva futhi savuka zobuqaba, ngokusho izibalo, okwamanje 7% labantu kwaba yobuqaba.

Ngakho-ke, ibandla uzama hhayi ukulahlekelwa lokho wafuna eminyaka, belwela ukuvikela intsha yanamuhla ezinkolelweni ubudala. Futhi inhloko yabangamashumi Isi-Udmurt Republic libike ukuthi emizini lomkhuba ningagcini, futhi ubuqaba savuka kuphela ezindaweni ezincane.