ISamara Nicholas Monastery yeSonto LaseSamara. Umlando wezindela

Phakathi neminyaka ye-perestroika, amasonto amaningi kanye nezinkampani eziningi ze-monastic babuyiselwa esontweni, futhi leli qiniso elikhuthazayo libonisa ukuthi isambulo esingokomoya siphelile emva kweminyaka eminingi yobumnyama obungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Kodwa akuzona zonke izinto ezingcwele eziphinda zibuyisele kubantu umusa kaNkulunkulu othumele phakathi kwabo. Abaningi babhujiswe, futhi sithola ubufakazi babo kuphela kumadokhumenti asaphila. Phakathi kwazo yilapho eyayiyiNicholas Monastery yaseSamara.

Isidingo esiphuthumayo sezindela

Kusukela emlandweni wesifunda kuyaziwa ukuthi kanye ezikhathini zasendulo eSamara kwakukhona i-monastery, yaqedwa ngo-1738. Kwaze kwaba ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka leli dolobha laseVolga liye lahlala ngaphandle kwenkonzo yama-monastic, kodwa ngo-1851, lapho liba yisifundazwe esasanda kudala, ngaphansi kwesifundazwe saseSamara, umbuzo wokusungulwa kwezindwendwe wathola ukuhambisana.

Izizathu ezenza umbhishobhi wendawo u-Eusebius (Orlinsky) aphazamise iziphathimandla ze-synodal ngesicelo sokudalwa kwezindwendwe emzini, ngaphandle kwezenkolo, zazihlala zikhona nsuku zonke, zichazwe izinkinga zansuku zonke. Wabhalela inhloko-dolobha ukuthi inhliziyo yakhe ihlasele abafelokazi abafelokazi nabangenalutho abangenaso indawo yokuhlala kuyo, kanye nabantwana babo, abaphucwa ithuba lokulungiselela izikhundla zamasonto ezizayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ukuba kulawulwe abaphikisi bezinkantolo zesonto, okusho ukuthi, ngokusho komkhuba osemthethweni, bathunyelwa emasontweni ahlukene. Zonke lezi zinkinga nezinye eziningi, ngokubheka umbusi waseSamara, zingaxazululwa ngokudalwa kwezindwendwe edolobheni. Ikheli lakhe e- Synod Elingcwele nalo lisekelwa ngumbusi waseK.K. I-Grotto, ngokuyinhloko, yakhuthaza ukuba i-monastery yesikhathi esizayo ifaneleke kakhulu emabhange aseVolga.

Izinkinga zemali

Izikhulu ze-Synodal zasabela ngesicelo sombhishobhi waseSamara ngokuqonda, futhi ngo-1857 wathola "incwadi ebusisiwe", okungukuthi, imvume edingekayo kulokhu. Icala lombusi nalo alizange livele, futhi ngokusho kwesithembiso sakhe, wasiza ekunikezeni umhlaba odingekayo. Kodwa izinkinga ezengeziwe zaqala.

Njengoba wazi, ekwakheni izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okwakuzoba yiNdlu yaseMesari yaseSamarskii Nikolaevsky, ngaphandle kwezinhloso ezinhle, nathi sidinga imali, futhi kwakungekho omunye wabo kulokhu. Ngokuphambene nalokho okulindelwe, abacebile abacebile nabazuzi abazange bazikhandle ukuzimemezela ngokwabo. I-diocese yaseSamara nayo ayikwazanga ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezezimali, njengoba yayihamba ngezikhathi ezimbi.

Indlela yokuphuma kule simo

Ikhambi litholakala ngokungalindelekile. U-Theophilus (Nadezhdin) osanda kuqokwa e-Samara - owayengu-Eusebius owayekade ephumula ngaleso sikhathi, waba ngumuntu ongamhloniphi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi uyasebenza ngempela. Wavakashelwa umqondo olula futhi ozwakalayo wokuthi amazwe amakhulu anikezwe umphakathi womuzi ekwakhiweni kwezindela zingabhalwa isikhathi esithile lapho ehloma abantu abafanayo, bese esetshenziselwa imali yokwakha.

Kuyinto elula futhi enengqondo, kodwa ... yilapho lapho ukungabi nenhliziyo okubi kwezakhamuzi zedolobha kwakudidekile. Wabatshela ukuthi iNkosi, kanye naye ubuholi besifunda-diocesa, ifuna ukuzondla, isebenzise ithuba, futhi isebenzise indawo eyabelwe izinzuzo zokuzuzisa. Yini eqale lapha! Kwakukhona ukunyundela okubhaliwe nangomlomo eSinodeni, izinsolo zombusi onokwethenjelwa futhi onenjongo kakhulu ekubandakanyekeni ekukhwabaneni, ukuhleka nokuhleba. Inani futhi ungabhalisi.

Ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwezindela

Yeka ukuthi lezi zinsolo zazingenasisekelo kangakanani, impilo ebonakalayo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ezizindeni zamasonto, kwakhiwa amakhemikhali ahlangane namagumbi okusiza abantu, futhi ngokushesha nje ithempeli lokuqala, elahlukaniselwa ukuhlonishwa kukaSt. Nicholas the Wonderworker, lavela. Ngokuphambene nombono wabantu abaningi abanobubi, imali yahamba ngokuqondile nenhloso lapho izwe liqashiswa khona.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, i-Samara Nicholas Monastery yaqala ukuxazulula. Ekugcineni, kwaba khona abatshalizimali abacebile. Owokuqala wayengumthengisi odumile waseVolga FM Shchepkin, owadela ama-monasteries angama-acre angamakhulu amahlanu angama-acres omhlaba, owakhishwa ngokushesha, kodwa okwamanje akekho noyedwa wamadolobhana owazama ukusho noma yikuphi ukulahlwa.

Isibonelo sakhe salandelwa ngumnikazi wendawo wasekhaya uP.K. U-Astrakhantsev, owabhalela i-monasteri indlu ekhuni ekhuni, lapho isonto lesibhedlela lafakwa kamuva. Lokhu kungukuqala kokuthola amaresidi avamile. Isifundazwe saseSamara sasicebile kubantu abaphanayo nabahloniphayo, imali yabo ngo-1861 eyakhiwa isonto lokuqala lokuqala lamatshe.

Ukuthola isimo esisemthethweni sezindela

Kodwa-ke, imininingwane eyinqaba - eyakhiwe futhi isesebenzise iMesarstery yaseSamarskoye Nikolayevsky, ngisho nangemva kokusungulwa kwesonto litshe, yayingekho isimo esisemthethweni. Ukuze uyithole futhi, isikhalo esifanayo sathunyelwa eSinodini Engcwele, futhi emva kweminyaka emithathu yokucatshangelwa, ukuvulwa okusemthethweni kwalesi sikhungo sezindela sekukhona iminyaka eminingana kakade kwenzeka.

Ibhalisiwe njengezindela zezindela zehostela yesithathu. Idorobheni yindlela yokuhlela impilo yangaphakathi, lapho kungabikho muntu ophethe impahla yakhe siqu. Yonke into iyimpahla evamile, kodwa abbot, umgcinimafa, ama-hieromonks nezinye izikhulu zithole umholo. Lokhu kugcinwa amarekhodi kumadokhumenti okugcina.

Inhlalakahle yamazwe

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, iMonstri yeSamarskii Nikolaevsky yaba yimbono eqinile futhi eyakhelwe kahle. Kusukela kulezi zincwadi zokugcina izincwadi, kulandela ukuthi ngaphansi komzana waseShiryaev Buerak wayenamahektare ayikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye omhlaba ngamadlelo, umhlaba ocebile namakherishi, aqashwe kuwo, kanye nezindawo ezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi ayisihlanu namasimu kwezinye izindawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundazwe saseSamara ukusekela izinga layo linikeze ama-dessiatines angamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namashumi amane e-monastery.

Indlu yezindela zesilisa yaseNikolaevsky (iSamara) yamukelwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, nokuqukethwe okuvela ediokisini layo. Ngokombuso ovunyelwe ngo-1867, wayekhokhwa minyaka yonke ngamaruble angamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi ayisithupha. Imali engenayo evela ezweni lokuqashisa yayingenani ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye ngonyaka, kanti ezinye izinkulungwane zaletha umkhiqizo wekhandlela. Inani elitholakalayo ngalezo zikhathi liyamangalisa. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX inani labakhile alizange lidlule abantu abangamashumi amahlanu, kungaphetha ngokuthi abazange bazizwe isidingo.

Ukuqala kwekhulu elisha

Lapho kufika ikhulu leminyaka lama-20, inani labazalwane laqala ukwehla ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kwathi ngo-1912, ngokusho kwesichazamazwi se-Orthodox esashicilelwa ngaleso sikhathi, kwakukhona abantu abangamashumi amathathu nanhlanu kuphela. Phakathi neMpi YaseRussia-Japanese, izakhamuzi eziningi zahlanganiswa, kuhlanganise no-hieromonk Lavrenti (Pavlov), zathunyelwa eMpumalanga Ekude ibutho elisebenzayo.

Ngo-1916, kwasala abantu abangamashumi amabili nambili kulezizindela, kuhlanganise ne-abbot ne-four novices. Yancipha kakhulu futhi indawo yamazwe abo, kodwa yandisa ukugeleza kwezimali ezivela kumgcinimafa wesifundazwe, njengalesi sikhathi i-monastery yayibhalwe ekilasini lesibili.

Amathempeli aseMonastic

Ngalo mali, ngonyaka ofanayo, isakhiwo seseli, esasinda kuze kube namuhla, sakhiwa. Isithombe sakhe sisehlokweni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eminyakeni yokugcina yangaphambi kokuguquka emkhakheni wezindela, ngaphandle kwezinye izakhiwo, kwakukhona ithempeli lesithombe sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "Injabulo Yonke Intukuthelo" nokunye okunye - iSt. Nicholas uMmangalisa.

Eyokuqala yawo yasungulwa ngo-1860. Ngenxa yobuthakathaka bezindlela, wahlonywa endlini yezindela ezizinikele kanye nendlu ehlelwe kabusha. Isonto lesibili lakhiwa futhi lalingcweliswa ngo-1909 esakhiweni salowo owayengumdala, owafika ekuhlaseleni futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu aqothulwa, okwakubhekwa ngaso sonke isikhathi njengowokuqala, futhi ngenxa yokuthi uSt Nicholas wanikeza igama lakhe kuyo yonke indlu yezindela. Kulezi zithombe ezisekhona kuze kube yilolu suku, ushaya iso ngobukhulu bezinkulumo zakhe.

Ezinye izakhiwo

I-Samarskiy Nikolayevsky Monastery yayisezindaweni enkulu kakhulu, eboshwe ogwini lwaseVolga nasemigwaqweni yamanje yaseChelyuskintsev, Osipenko naseRadonezhskaya. Konke kwakuzungezwe ucingo oluphakeme lwamatshe, kusukela lapho kuze kube manje amasango kuphela, izithombe zawo ezivezwe kulesi sihloko, zigcinwe.

Ukuthunjwa kwezindlu zezindela kwakunezindlu ezine zamatje ezinhlotsheni zasekhaya nezindlu, kanye nezakhiwo zethempeli ezingenhla, lapho ithempeli lesithombe sikaMama kaNkulunkulu "Injabulo Yabo Bonke Abadabukisayo" yayisezinzulwini, futhi uNikolsky wayephambi kwesango elingcwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ensimini yezindela eziqinekile kwakukhona amathuna lapho amathuna kanye nezendlalelo zenziwa ngenkokhelo ethile.

I-shrine eyonakalisiwe

Ngemva kokuba amaBolshevik efika emandleni, lezindela zabhekana nesiphetho esifanayo nezindawo eziningi ezingcwele zaseSamara. Ngo-1918 wakhethwa futhi wanikezelwa ezidingo zomnyango wendawo wokufunda emphakathini, okwakuhlala emakilasini okuqeqesha, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ezinye izakhiwo zezindwendwe zikahulumeni zathunyelwa ekulahleni kukahulumeni omusha.

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu nantathu, kwakuyisikhathi sokuba izakhiwo zethempeli, izinkonzo lapho iminyaka eminingi ingenzi khona. Ekuqaleni, badluliselwa kwelinye lamafektri eSamara ukuhlela iqembu ngaphakathi kwabo, kodwa lapho behlukumezeka ngokuphelele, izitini zabo zakha ekwakhiweni kwezindlu eziseduze kanye nefektri ekhishini.

Phakathi neminyaka ye-perestroika, i-monasteri ayizange ivuselele, njengoba cishe konke kwabhujiswa. Kwasala isango kuphela, okukhulunywe ngenhla, isakhiwo esakhiwe ngamabili esakhiwe, esakhiwe kabusha futhi sakhiwa ngaphakathi, kanye nesakhiwo sokwakhiwa kabusha, okwakushintsha ngokuphelele ukubukeka kwayo ngenxa yokulungisa okuningi.

Ngonyaka wezi-2013, izishoshovu zama-Orthodox enyakatho phezu kwamasango zafakwa izithombe ezimbili. UMama oNgcwele kaNkulunkulu noSt. Nicholas uMmangalisa owakhulunywa ngawo ukhumbuza izakhamuzi zedolobha lobubungcwele obukade bukhona futhi olwanyatheliswa futhi lukhunjulwa obaba babo umsindo wezinyathelo eziphumelelayo.