Isakhiwo sezindela saseSretensky eMoscow: i-choir, shrine, ihhotela

Isakhiwo sezindela saseSretensky eMoscow sibhalwe emakhasini omlando waseRashiya, okuqala okubhekisela ekubuseni kukaBasil I (indodana kaDmitry Donskoy, owafa ngo-1382). Iminyaka engama-36 yokubusa kwakhe okuhlakaniphile, umgomo waseMoscow uqinisiwe futhi wanda, futhi uMoscow ngokwawo akakaze anqotshwe yinoma ubani.

Umlando wegama lezindela

Ekuhunyushweni okuvela esiGrekini "umhlangano" kusho umhlangano. Insimu yaseKuchkovo ithatha igama layo kusukela eSyar Kuchka, i-Vaatich eyayizifa engazange ilalele i-Dolgoruky. Umfana ongumfana wesigameko u-Stepan Kuchka wabulawa, kanti iMoscow yakhiwa emazweni ayenawo. Bekukhona lapha, ensimini yaseKuchkov, ngo-1395 amaMuscovites ahlangana nesithombe sikaVladimir sikaMama kaNkulunkulu, esithunywe yi-Vladimir eya eKlyazma. Umgwaqo owaya enkabeni yenhloko-dolobha, futhi lapho kwenzeka khona lo mcimbi, wabizwa ngeSretenka, futhi i-monastery eyakhiwe lapha ngenkumbulo wesenzakalo esiyingqayizivele, uSretensky. Ingqungquthela ngoba ngosuku olulandelayo, ngenxa yesizathu esicacile, uTimur-Tamerlane, owayesonakalise i-Yelets, waphenduka amabutho akhe ezindongeni ze-capital engenakuzivikela. U-Basil I wangifaka lesi senzakalo, esakhiwe ngo-1397 esakhiweni somhlangano wesigodi sezindela zeSretensky eMoscow.

I-shrine elingabalulekile

Ku-akhawunti ye-Vladimir Icon kaMama kaNkulunkulu, kunezinye ezimbili zokukhishwa eziyingqayizivele ezivela kubahlaseli. Enye kwenzeka ngo-1451, lapho isikhulu seHorde uMazovsha, umzukulu kaTokhtamysh Khan, eshisa yonke imizi yaseMuscovite, kwathi ngemva kokuhlaselwa okuphoqelekile wabaleka ezindongeni zenhloko-dolobha ngemuva kokuphuma kwezakhamuzi ebusuku. Owesibini ubhekisela ngonyaka ka-1480 (ukukhululwa ku-Ahmat, emi ngasemfuleni ugra). Isithonjana sikaVladimir sikaMama kaNkulunkulu sibhaliwe, ngokusho komlando, ngu-Evangelist and Apostle Luke ngesikhathi sokuphila kukaMariya etafuleni letafula, lapho uMndeni Ongcwele wawudliwayo.

U-Patriarch of Constantinople, uLuca Chrysoverg, owabusa kwakhe ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nambili wabonakaliswa ngumsebenzi omkhulu wesonto nomthetho, wathumela uhlu oluvela kulesi sithonjana kuYuri Dolgoruky. Ngemuva kokusekelwa kwezindlovu zaseSretensky, eMoscow, ngo-Agasti 26, isithonjana sikaVladimir sikaMama kaNkulunkulu, umsindisi wenhloko-dolobha kusukela ekunqobeni iTamerlane ngamabutho ayo, sanikezwa e-Assumption Cathedral ngo-Agasti 26.

Izakhiwo ze-Monastic, zisinda kuze kube namuhla

Ekuqaleni kwakhiwe izakhiwo zezindela azigcinanga. Kusukela ezakhiweni zakudala ezasinda kuzo zonke izimpi nokuhlukunyezwa, kuze kube yilolu suku kwakukhona i-cathedral ephethe amahlanu, eyakhiwa ngo-1679 ngemali kaTsar Fyodor Alekseevich, umfowabo ka-Peter I. Fedor III, kanye nomkakhe u-Agafia Semenovna Grushetskaya, ikakhulukazi babenakekela i-Monasteri yaseSretensky eMoscow. Ngemva kokufa kokubili ngo-1706, kwahlelwa uhlangothi oluseningizimu-isonto lokuzalwa kukaJohane uMbhapathizi. Ku-iconostasis yeCathhedral yeSonto Lasezindlini laseSretensky ngo-1680, umbhangqwana we-tsar womshado wabelwa izithombe zabathengi babo - uSt. St. Statelates noMartyr Agathia. Izithonjana zitholakala ebangeni elilinganayo kusuka emasangweni obukhosi.

Iqhaza emlandweni kazwelonke

Ngokuvamile, leli bhishi lezindwendwe lidlalwa ekupheleni kombuso waseRomanov hhayi indima encane - yaba negalelo ekufikeni kwamandla kaMikhail Fedorovich, owokuqala waseRashiya waseRussia, ophethe leli gama lomndeni. Yonke imithandazo yesigceme esingenhla somphakathi waseRussia yaqala, njengombuso, kule ndawo yezindela. Futhi ekhulwini le-XIX, lapha futhi, nakuba okwesikhashana, kwakuyiMnyango oNgcwele oNgcwele. Futhi i-Vladimir Icon kaMama kaNkulunkulu, ephathelene nezindlu zendlu yezindela, kathathu wasindisa eMoscow ekuthunjweni kwesitha nokubhujiswa.

AmaFrescoes e-monasteri

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo, iKathedral yoMhlangano weVladimir Icon kaMama kaNkulunkulu kwaze kwafika ngo-1707. Lo nyaka, ngenxa yeminikelo ka S.F. UGriboyedov, umlindi womnsalo, amafrescoes avela ethempelini, agcinwe kahle kuze kube namuhla futhi amelela enye yezinto zobuciko zokugcina zobuciko obudala baseRussia enhloko-dolobha. Ubani odweba izindonga ze-cathedral, engaziwa, kusukela ngomlilo ka-1737 ku-monastery watshisa wonke amadokhumenti ahlobene nomsebenzi wabaculi abanethalente, ubuchwepheshe bokuthi kwakhiwa ukwakhiwa kwezingqikithi ze-frescos nokuphelela kokusebenza.

Amakhasi omlando omnyama

Izenzakalo ezibuhlungu ze-monastery zafika kuma-20s ekhulu lama-XX. Okuwukuphela kwalawo wonke amaSoviet Russia kusukela ngo-1922 kuya ku-1926 kwaba inhlangano yesonto ebizwa ngokuthi "Ukuvuselelwa", okuyinto empeleni, yayijwayele uhulumeni omusha ngenhloso yokuphila. Lalwa ngokumelene noMphathiswa weThithoni. Ngokushesha nje lapho iNdlovukazi yaseSretensky ngo-1923 idlula kusukela ekuvuselelweni kuya ekuphathweni kwezinzalamizi, izinkinga zaqala, futhi ngo-1925 i-monasteri yavalwa. Kuze kube unyaka we-30, izakhiwo eziningi zezindela zaziqothulwa ngesihluku. Isikhuthazo - ukwandiswa komgwaqo, oyedwa ophakathi, ngoba iSonto Lasezindlini laseSretensky, ikheli laso eMoscow - Bolshaya Lubyanka Street, 19, laliphakathi kwenhloko-dolobha. Phakathi kwezakhiwo ezonakalisiwe kwakuyithempeli likaSt. Mary waseGibhithe kanye neSonto laseSt. Nicholas. Awubuyiselwe. Amathempeli e-monasteri ahlakazwa emyuziyamu. Kuphela ngenxa yengozi, isithonjana esidala esithi "Ukuphakanyiswa KwesiPhambano", esabe se-Museum of Antireligious Museum, sigcinwa futhi siseGalini yeTrtyakov. Izakhiwo ezisele zahlala ezindlini ze-NKVD. Umgwaqo wokukhulekela, owakhiwe ngo-1995 ukuze ukhumbule izisulu ezihlushwa, uthi abantu babulawa ezweni elingcwele lezindela.

Buyela eSontweni

Kuze kube unyaka we-90 ekwakhiweni kwethempeli kwakuyi-All-Union Art Research and Restoration Centre. I-Grabar. Ngo-1991 i-monastery yabuyiselwa eSontweni Lama-Orthodox, ngemva kwalokho imvuselelo yayo yaqala - izakhiwo ezindala zabuyiselwa, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezintsha kanye nenqaba yokubamba. Indlu enkulu yokushicilela isebenza ensimini yezindela. Ezikoleni zama-catechetical abantu abangu-400 bacwaninga. Amakhokithi angu-40 nama-novices ahlala ngaphakathi kwezindonga zezindela. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngoDisemba 4, 1925, ngokokuqala ngaphambi kokuvalwa okuphelele, eSitendeni saseSretensky, inzalamizi yesikhathi esizayo uPimen (emhlabeni wezwe uSergey Izvekov), owashona ngo-1990, waxoshwa e-rassophore ogama lakhe linguPlato.

Ubuhle obuqinile bezindela

Zonke izakhiwo phakathi nenhloko-dolobha, okuyinto eminyakeni yamuva iye yaguqulwa ngokumangalisayo, iyavumelana nokubonakala kwayo okusha, kuhlanganise neNdlunkulu yaseSretensky eMoscow. Isithombe, esibekwe ngezansi, sikhuluma ngokuzwakalayo ngobuhle bakhe obukhona manje. Ngokwemvelo, enye yezindela ezindala kakhulu, ezadlala indima ebalulekile ekupheleni kweRussia, ephakathi nenhloko-dolobha, ibheka kakhulu ubuholi beSonto Lama-Orthodox. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-monasteri iyinhlangano yezindela ezincane, uPatrician waseMoscow ungumbhishobhi wakhe owengamele nomqondisi. Igama elithi "stauropegic" lisho ukungahambisani nendawo yezindela eziphathimandla zesifundazwe sase-diocese. Ama-monasteries anjalo nama-laurels alawulwa yi-patriarch. Kuze kube ngo-1918, i-monastery, esenhliziyweni yenhloko-dolobha, e-Bolshaya Lubyanka Street (eyayisendulo iSretenka), yayinezinga lezindwendwe ezingaphezu kwamandla amaningi, ekhona ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwezwe. Namuhla, iSonto Lasezindlini laseSretensky eMoscow liyizindela zezintambo ezinkulu.

Isizathu sokuziqhenya okuthile

Konke endaweni yezindela kufana nesigaba sayo esiphakeme. Abaningi bangaziqhenya ngezindela zezindela zaseSretensky eMoscow. I-Choir ye-monastery (hhayi izikhethi, kepha i-choir ngokwayo) yontanga yayo, futhi ayaziwa kuphela kumalungu esonto futhi abathanda umculo ongcwele. Sekuyikhulu leminyaka le-17 i-choir yaseSretensky nabahlabeleli bayo babonwa, njengoba behamba ngezinyathelo ezihamba phambili zomuzi wonke. Njengoba besinda ezikhathini ezinzima, abaqoqiwe, abazalwa kabusha kanye nendlu yezindela, baqala ukuthola izici ezintsha, ezihambisana nesikhathi, futhi ekugcineni kwakhiwa ngo-2005. Iphethwe yisiqu se-Russian Academy of Music Nikon Stepanovich Zhila. Kusukela ebuntwaneni ubelokhu engumholi weZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra. Ngokuhambisana nezinsizakalo, i-soloists yama-choir yenza imisebenzi yekhonsathi futhi irekhodi lama-albhamu. I-soloists ngayinye engama-30 inemfundo emihle yomculo - noma "i-Gnesinka", noma i-Moscow Spiritual noma i-Sretinskaya Seminary. Kukhona abafundi be-Academy yaseCoscow yaseCosal Art kanye ne-Conservatory yaseMoscow. Ngokusho kobufakazi bezintandokazi nabachwepheshe, umholi onethalente "uphendulela ukudluliselwa kwamagama abe yisitho esiphilayo". In the choir kukhona soloists ngegama lomhlaba - Dmitry Beloselsky nabanye abanye.

Izimpawu ezihlonishwayo nezinhlamvu zabalungile

Amathempeli eSonto Lasezindlini zaseSretensky eMoscow amelwa ngokuyinhloko yiziqu zeMartyr Ongcwele uHilarion (iTroitsky) - umbhishobhi nomfundisi wezinkolo weSonto Lobu-Orthodox laseRussia, isithonjana esinengxenye yezinhlamvu zikaSt. Seraphim waseSarov. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsalela zikaMonk Maria waseGibhithe, abangcwele uJohn Chrysostom, uBasil Omkhulu noNicholas the Miracle-Worker bagcinwa lapha. Emathempelini yiwona ongalungile (ubuso obusongeni) kanye nokuhle (esithombeni) somfanekiso oqondile weShroud weTurin owenziwe ngobukhulu obugcwele, esisekristpt ye-cathedral. Lungcweliswa nguPatriciary waseMoscow u-Alexis II njengoMfanekiso woMsindisi. Uhlu oluhlonishwayo lweVladimir Icon likaMama kaNkulunkulu luqedela uhlu lwezinqaba zendlovukazi yaseSretensky.

Ukungabi nabugovu ngenkazimulo kaNkulunkulu

Abantu abasebenza ngokungenabugovu futhi ngokuzithandela ngenkazimulo kaNkulunkulu bangaphansi kwezindela ze-Ordodox, kodwa akuzona izaziso-lawa abizwa ngokuthi izisebenzi. Indlu yezindela zaseSretensky eMoscow, njengezinye izikhungo zesonto, idinga usizo lwazo. Abasebenzi bahluke kubahambi, futhi kusukela emaveni. Ngokuyinhloko, laba ngabantu abalungiselela ukuzinikezela esontweni ngokuphelele. Kukhona ilungiselelo mayelana nabasebenzi lapho izidingo ezithile zifakwe kuzo, futhi akukhuthazwa ukuba wephule. Ngokuvamile, izisebenzi zifika ezizindlini isikhathi esithile, futhi ziyakudinga indawo yokuhlala. Isakhiwo sezindela saseSretensky eMoscow ngaphansi kwegama elithi Podushkin senzelwe le njongo. Kodwa, ngeshwa, ngo-2012, ekwindla, wayephakathi kwesikhalazo ngenxa yokuthi uhlu lwezinsizakalo ezinikeziwe, ngokusho kwezinhlaka zomthetho, zihlanganisa obuseduze. Umbusi weSonto Lasezindlini Sretensky wabiza ukunyundela ulwazi.