Ingqikithi yalo GDP futhi GNP

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, ngisho, umfundi elula non-kwezomnotho usazoba ngesikhathi kokuzwa imibandela ehlukahlukene yezezimali izinkomba macro- futhi microeconomic, - kuze kufinyelele accounting intela. Yabela udumo amagama kubalulekile ukuze umphakathi isayensi ingaba ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo. Nokho, bambalwa abangaphika ungavumelani yokuthi izimo zokuphila umnotfo emakethe, ukugqugquzela abantu ukuba sihambisane ukugeleza ulwazi. Le ndlela yokuphila kusiza abantu ukuba silondoloze sokukwazi ukuncintisana ezingeni lamazwe siqu izinga human resources, ukuqwashisa zezimali ngenhloso ukuqongelela dolobha, ukuqinisekisa izinga ledzingekako intela okufundisa sokusinda aphansi njengoba osomabhizinisi, futhi bentela abavamile, ikakhulukazi ezweni lethu. Kodwa lafana wezomnotho, GDP futhi GNP yena, abaluleke kakhulu izinkomba komnotho omkhulu, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo olunembile nsuku zonke ukuzwa yinoma yiliphi ilungu lomphakathi yesimanje. Yizo ezinquma ezingeni yentuthuko yezwe ngalinye, ukuchuma ezakhamuzi zayo, indima emhlabeni kwezepolitiki, ikhono kuthinta izenzakalo ezithile ezithinta izithakazelo zayo emkhakheni nezinye izinkomba eziningi.

Nakuba le miqondo emibili cishe ngokulinganayo kubalulekile emnothweni zanoma yiliphi izwe, kodwa abe eqondile definition kwezomnotho, ukuthi futhi kuvame bonke ngenhla, ukubaluleka. Ngakho uyini GDP futhi GNP?

I-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ibizwa ngokuthi umthamo isamba yonke imikhiqizo (value imigomo), i-ekhiqizwa nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho phakathi isimo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhamuzi zabo.

Gross umkhiqizo kazwelonke (GNP) ibizwa ngokuthi umthamo ingqikithi yezimpahla izincwadi ezinyatheliswa izinhlangano zamabhizinisi wombuso, kungakhathaliseki indawo yabo - ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwezwe.

Ngakho, umehluko phakathi kwe-GDP futhi GNP iyona inani umehluko phakathi ingcebo yezinto ezibonakalayo ekhiqizwa kuleli zwe yizakhamizi futhi okungezona izakhamuzi isimo, futhi ukubaluleka kwezimpahla ezikhiqizwa phesheya, kodwa izakhamizi yezwe. Okungukuthi isikhangiso valorem ingxenye nesigcino umkhiqizo kukhiqizwa eRussia futhi wasiphinda izinhlangano ezifanele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani namafemu ekukhiqizeni kwalo, kuyothiwa GDP. Imikhiqizo ezivezwa izitshalo Russian namafektri, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa kabani insimu yezwe ke yadalwa - kuba GNP. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba GDP futhi GNP - Umqondo, ngokuvamile bavele ndawonye ukusakaza idatha zomphakathi wanamuhla, awayona izinkomba nezilandiso. Eqinisweni, ngokusebenzisa kwawo ngokuhlanganyela Kwenziwa ngenhloso yokuqhathanisa, ukucacisa umahluko phakathi amagugu. Ngosizo ibhalansi ezimisiwe omkhiqizo futhi GNP izibalo, osomnotho bayakwazi ukuhlaziya isimo kuleli zwe, ukuthola izimbangela imicimbi ehlukahlukene ethinta umnotho wezwe, kanye namathuluzi ukuze kubonwe ithonya ukuthuthukisa amalungiselelo ayo.

Futhi, i-GDP futhi GNP zihlanganisa hhayi kuphela imikhiqizo, okwandisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi, kodwa futhi lowo ihlose ukubuyisela impahla kudliwe noma imikhiqizo okuyinto eziye zabhekana bafake. Noma kunjalo, ukwanda ngalezi zinkomba ngokuvamile kuqhathaniswa ngekukhula umphakathi inhlalakahle. Nakuba lokuhlobanisa idatha efana kungenzeka ezimweni eziningi ukuthi ayilungile.