Umnotho: Incazelo kanye isihloko cwaningo

Nombono wokuthi "umnotho" laqanjwa u-Aristotle ku BC III ekhulwini, kodwa ukuvela ezomnotho njengoba isayensi iphutha kuphela XII-XIII eminyaka, ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho kuzalwa capitalism.

Umnotho, kwencazelo onikelwa Izazi eziningi, ekugcineni waba omunye sciences eziyisisekelo. Njengoba ebhekene nazo cishe wonke umuntu ngoba bambalwa kakhulu abantu yayingakaze ezitolo kanye nezimakethe. Ngakho emhlabeni kwansuku ongabonakali langena lokhu wesayensi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi yehlukene kaningi okubalwa - ezomnotho.

A definition esetshenziswa izincwadi avame kuba: isayensi ibhizinisi ukukhiqiza imisebenzi kanye nemiphumela yayo phakathi ejenti kwezomnotho. sphere Economic kwezinhloso zenzuzo kuphezulu: Intengo Amathrendi, etimakethe, umthetho kahulumeni, imali-Umbuso indawo izimpahla kanye namasevisi, mncintiswano kanye nokuncintisana, ubudlelwane lezimpahla-imali, kudingeka, njll Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye izingxenye ezibalulekile ekutadisheni kwezomnotho .. umbono uwukuthi emnothweni wezwe.

Ukunqunywa umnotho wembulunga simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: isiqalo nesigcino umnotho kazwelonke zezwe kanye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabo. Ngakho, umnotho wembulunga yonke uye ingena enye futhi ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba, futhi exchange of izinsiza, kanye nobunye ubuhlobo zomnotho ngenxa phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili: Izinyunyana kwezomnotho kanye namasiko awo, international zabasebenzi ukufuduka, njll ...

Umnotho, kwencazelo okuyinto letinikwe lapha ngenhla, iningi zezomnotho sehlukaniswe tincenye ezimbili ezinkulu: micro- futhi Macroeconomics. Njengoba ungase ukuqagela, Microeconomics uhlola izinqubo zezomnotho kuze kube sezingeni ezingeni imikhakha kanye Macroeconomics - ezingeni zwe.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko emnothweni iwukuba athole indlela engcono kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo angenamkhawulo ngokuya kwemithombo yemvelo elinganiselwe. Umlando uyazi amasu eziningi olunikezwa ososayensi ovelele ukubhekana nale nkinga.

Ngokuvamile ukwaba 3 izindlela kwezolimo ezingeni izwe: ukulawula umyalo-no-, exubile kanye ekugcineni, emnothweni emakethe. Icacisa okuyinto indlela isetshenziswa kwelinye izwe noma kwenye, akunzima kangako. Umyalo umnotho ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa uthi wobushiqela, lapho uhulumeni ichaza ngokusobala futhi ilawula ukusatshalaliswa e imithombo: izimpahla, umsebenzi, abese enezela intengo esiqinile. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela kuyinto ayizwakali. Umnotho emakethe, ngokuphambene, usebenza ngokukhululekile ngokuphelele, isimo ngabaqaphi kuphela futhi ilawula bit okwenzeka Ukuhlanekezelwa. Nge ntshashintshe Ukuphumelela ihlanganisa 2 indlela yangaphambilini ye a iziqondisi.

Ukunqunywa intengo yakhoibrium emnothweni emakethe senzeka ngokuzenzakalela ngesisekelo kwaneliswe isidingo, futhi amanani kuthinta mncintiswano. Njengoba abathengi kuqhutshwa yisifiso ukuthenga high quality izimpahla at the aphansi kungenzeka intengo, kanye nabathengisi ufuna ukuthengisa izimpahla ngentengo eliphakeme, ekugcineni, intengo kumele isethelwe ezingeni isilinganiso elanelisa kokubili nabathengisi futhi abathengi. Umnotho emakethe self umqondo, ngakho-ke kubhekwa indlela ephumelela kakhulu kwezolimo futhi ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni.