Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberry entwasahlobo? Uhlelo lokutshala ama-strawberries. Lapho ukutshala ama-strawberry

I-strawberry iyinhlangano ebhekwayo yintandokazi yabantu abadala kanye nezingane, futhi ukuze ukwazi ukujabulisa ukunambitheka kwakho nephunga isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungatshala kanjani ama-strawberry entwasahlobo, indawo okumele ukhethe, indlela yokutshala nokuthi ungakanani amanzi.

Ukukhetha isayithi nomhlabathi wokutshala sitrobheli

Ukukhula okubanzi nokuchuma, kungcono ukutshala ama-strawberries emhlabeni omnyama, emhlabathini we-gray grey, phezu kwe-sandy loam ne-loamy inhlabathi, emithambekeni encane evela eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ukukhula kancane kwe-strawberries kanye nomkhiqizo ophansi kuyabonakala uma amajikijolo atshalwa enhlabathini ye-sod-podzolic, enhlabathini epholile futhi elula emhlabathini. I-acidity yezwe elifanele ukutshala kufanele ibe sezingeni lika-5-6.5 pH, izinga lokugeleza komhlaba kufanele libe okungenani ama-60 cm, futhi izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi ekujuleni kwe-15-20 cm ebusika akufanele liwele ngezansi -8 ° C.

Kanjani kahle ukutshala sitrobheli entwasahlobo futhi yiziphi izibikezelo ezidala izimo ezihle kunazo zonke emhlabeni? Kuyinto emangalisayo, uma ngaphambi kokuba ama-strawberries esakhiweni akhule okusanhlamvu, abathandwayo bemindeni yaseSolanaceae abathandekayo kakhulu. Kumele futhi wazi ukuthi izihlahla ze-strawberry azikwazi ukutshala endaweni efanayo lapho zanda khona ngaphambi kwalokho. Ukutshala sitrobheli endaweni efanayo kungenzeka emva kweminyaka engama-2-3, ngakho inhlabathi iyoba nesikhathi sokucebisa ngezakhi eziwusizo ezidingekayo ekukhuleni okugcwele, ukuvuthwa nokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo.

Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberries entwasahlobo nasekwindla

Ukutshala izihlahla ze-sitrobheli ezihlwanyelwe kahle kuhlelwe entwasahlobo noma ekwindla zakuqala. Ukutshala kwe-autumn kwenziwa phakathi kuka-Agasti 10 no-Septhemba 25. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele uhambise kahle inhlabathi. Ukutshala isikhathi eside nokutshala kwesitshalo kuyoholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu ekuvuneni kweberry ezihlabayo. Kunombono wokuthi ama-strawberries angatshala ehlobo, kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Agasti, ngendlela yokutshala imigqa emibili. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuhlukile kunomthetho, ngoba engxenyeni eseningizimu yeRussia ne-Ukraine ehlobo-ekwindla kunenani elincane lemvula, futhi izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi nomoya likhuphuka kakhulu kangangokuthi akukho umswakama kanye nokulinganisa okuzokwenza kube nomphumela omuhle. Kulokhu, kunengozi enkulu yokulimaza nokufa kwezitshalo.

Izindlela ezidingekayo ngaphambi kokutshala ama-strawberries

Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kufanele zifakwe endaweni epholile. Ukuvimbela ukomisa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo esilula, ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zinyathelwe ebhodini lobumba. Tshala izithombo emhlabathini omanzi, kubalulekile ukuvikela isitsha nge izithombo ezincane kusuka ilanga ngqo ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Isimpande sesitshalo esitshalwe kufanele sibe ngu-7-10 cm ubude, uma sikhulu, khona-ke singadliwa usayizi odingekayo. Uma emva kokutshala kukhona amathuba okubanda, izithombo kufanele zihlanganiswe nefilimu.

Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberry entwasahlobo? Kubalulekile ukugcina ezinye izici:

• Ama-strawberries kufanele ahlutshwe ngokuphelele, njengoba ukhula oluhlukahlukene lungaluvimbela ukuba lukhule futhi lukhule.
• Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyinto efiselekayo yokukhipha imishanguzo enhlabathini ngomumo ngokufanele.
• Imibhede, lapho izitshalo zomndeni waseSolanaceae zikhulile ngaphambili, azifanelekile ukukhula kwama-strawberry.
• Ama-mustard ama-strawberry kufanele atshalwe enhlabathini eguncuziwe, ngaphambili ayibambe esitsheni samanzi.
• Esikhathini sezinhlayiya kanye nezitshalo zehlabathi ezitshalo ze-rosettes zingcono kakhulu.
• Lapho uhlela ukutshala ama-strawberries ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi kufanele ilungiswe ekupheleni kwehlobo.

Imithetho yokutshala ama-strawberries, izithombe ngezansi zibonisa ngokubonakalayo.

Ukunakekela umhlaba emva kokutshala

Ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa yisikhathi ngokushesha kwenhlabathi kanye nokubunjwa kwama-crusts endaweni yokutshala kumele kuthule umhlaba noma ama-humus. Uma inhlabathi ibonakala ifakwe ngemuva kokutshala, idinga ukukhululeka, lokhu kwenziwa ukuze izimpande nezitshalo ngokwabo zithole umswakama okwanele, izakhi kanye ne-oxygen. Njengoba sezulu esomile isikhathi eside, izitshalo kufanele ziphuze kaningi, kuze kube izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.

Sikhetha izithombo

Impande yesithombo esihle akufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-6 mm ububanzi, futhi amahlumela okumpande akufanele abe ngaphezu kuka-7 mm. Imbewu ehlathini kufanele ibe namaqabunga ama-3-5, izimpande ezinomsoco nezigxilisayo zombala omhlophe. Izithombo ezikhethiwe kufanele zifakwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka emhlabathini, uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, kufanele kuguzwe umhlaba onomdaka futhi ongenalutho bese ufakwa endaweni emnyama, i-cellar epholile noma i-cellar. Kule fomu, isihlahla se-strawberry singagcinwa izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala

Ama-strawberry amahlumela namajikijolo ayiphathe kahle kakhulu nge-nematode ye-strawberry, i-wireworm, i-Colorado beetle nezinye izinambuzane eziningi, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala kungcono ukuhlola inhlabathi yokuba khona kwabo. Uma inani elikhulu lezibungu lifunyanwa, i-alkaloid lupine kufanele itshalwe kusayithi, futhi ngenhloso yokuhlanza nokuvimbela, umhlaba ungaphathwa ngamanzi ammonia.

Amanzi kahle

Ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ze-sitrobheli ikakhulukazi kuxhomeke ekutheni umswakama ongenayo ungenayo. Ngakho-ke, esimweni esishisa nesikhathi esomile eside, lesi sitshalo kumele siphuze izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokulinganisela, uma kunamanani amancane, ngaphandle kwalokho inani elikhulu lamanzi lizoholela ekutheni amajikijolo, ukubonakala kwezifo nezinambuzane.

• Ngaphambi kwezimbali, izithombo kumele zihambisane nokufafaza.
• Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, lesi sitshalo kufanele siphuze ngaphansi kwempande, kuyilapho sigwema umswakama emaqabunga, izimbali kanye namajikijolo.
• Ukushisa okungcono kwamanzi okuphuza kuyinto +16 ^о С.
• Esikhathini semvula, imibhede kufanele ifakwe ifilimu ye-polyethylene.

Ukwakhiwa kwefilimu ye-strawberries ekhulayo

Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo yesitshalo umbuzo uqobo kakhulu: kanjani ukutshala sitrobheli ngaphansi kwefilimu? Isitoreji esinjalo sinikeza izitshalo ngokuthuthukiswa okulula nokuvuthwa kwangaphambili. Le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezinhlobo zakuqala zama-strawberries. Imigudu yefilimu yizindawo zokukhosela ezakhiwa kalula. Ukwenza lokhu, hlela ama-wire arcs ebangeni elingu-1m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Isakhiwo kufanele sibe yingxenye yemitha ekuphakameni. Lungisa ifilimu phezu kwama-arcs ukuze ingahlali, sebenzisa i- jute twine. Ukuze kube lula ukwenza umsebenzi osebenza emgodini wefilimu kuyadingeka ukuthi ulungise kahle ohlangothini lwawo, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuqinisa isitimela. Qoqa ifilimu engxenyeni yokugcina ye-greenhouse bese uyibopha ngephuzu, uyibeke emaphethini, owubumba phansi.

Ukunakekela ama-strawberries endaweni yokuhlala yefilimu

Ukuze ulawule izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi, faka i-thermometer. Uma izinkomba ziphakama ngaphezu +25 ^о С, khona-ke isibamba sokushisa sidinga ukuvulwa futhi siphumule ngokushesha. Esikhathini sezulu esihle kakhulu, ngesikhathi sezihlahla zezimbali, ifilimu ingasuswa ngosuku olungu-1. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna ifilimu ihoxiswe ngokuphelele.

Ehlobo, i-berry iphuziswa kanye ngesonto, ngokuqinisekile ekuseni kakhulu ngaphambi kokushisa, futhi ngempela amanzi afudumele. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kudingeka sokhula imibhede, siqaphe impilo yezitshalo, futhi sibhubhise izinambuzane ngesikhathi.

Esikhathini sekwindla, ama-strawberries kufanele ahlanganiswe namahlamvu awile, i-lapnik, utshani. Uma kungenjalo impahla yokukhosela esakhiweni, khona-ke izihlahla zingaba nesithukuthezi ngaphandle kokufafaza amaphuzu okukhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukufaka umquba kumxube we-peat kanye nomquba.

Indlela yokutshala ama-strawberry kusuka kumbewu?

Ukutshala ama-strawberry nge imbewu kunganikeza imiphumela emihle, kodwa kuphela ngezinhlobo zezitshalo. Izinhlobo ze-hybrid zihle kahle kulokhu.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga isitsha 10 cm ejulile, kufanele sigcwaliswe nge 5 cm enhlabathini ekhethekile izithombo futhi amanzi ngokucophelela. Sakaza imbewu emabangeni afanayo komunye nomunye bese umboze ngilazi ecacile, kanti inhlabathi ayidingekile ukuba ithole imbewu. Ibhokisi elinenhlabathi kanye nembewu kufanele lifakwe endaweni efudumele, lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala, uyisuse endaweni ekhanyayo kakhulu bese ususa ingilazi. Emva kokuvela kwamapheshana okuqala, kubalulekile ukubamba izinombolo ezimbiza bese ufaka imifino ekhethekile ye-strawberries njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Lapho izithombo zikhula kuze kube ngosayizi omkhulu, zingatshalwa endaweni evulekile yasehlobo. Qaphela futhi ukhethe ngokucophelela ukuthi ungatshala ama-strawberry. Uma utshala, kufanele uhambisane neminye eminye imithetho:

• Ukutshala lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe yize.
• I-budical apical ayikwazi ukugcwaliswa.
• Ama-strawberries atshalwe kalula angakwazi ukuphuma nezimpande.

Imbewu ye-strawberry: kanjani ukuyiqoqa?

Ukuze uhlakulele ngempumelelo ama-strawberry kusuka kumbewu, amajikijolo amakhulu kakhulu kufanele asetshenziswe, aqoqwe ngesikhathi sikaJulayi-Agasti. Ingqimba encane ye-amajikijolo idinga ukususwa ngokucophelela, kungenzeka ukuba usike umcengezi, uwuchoboze emgqeni. Izinto eziphelile zome elangeni, ukuze zihlukanise imbewu bese zifaka esikhwameni sephepha. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele kugcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa.

Ukuze ukhule izitshalo ze-strawberry ezivela imbewu, kungcono ukukhetha izinhlobo ezilandelayo: "Sakhalin", "Gourmet", "Bogota", "Mutofavorit" nabanye. Ukuze ujabulele amajikijolo isikhathi eside, ungakwazi ukukhulisa izithombo zama-strawberries zakuqala nakamuva.

Yini ongatshala eduze kwe-sitrobheli?

Ukudala izimo ezihle kakhulu ekukhuleni kwe-strawberries eduze kwayo, ungatshala ezinye izitshalo eziwusizo, njenge-parsley, isipinashi noma ubhontshisi be-shrub. Ukuze ubuyekeze kahle ama-slugs ukutshala i-parsley ngempumelelo emkhatsini we-strawberries. I-Berry ingaba khona kanye ne-beet, isithombo, isithombo, anyanisi, ulethisi, iklabishi noma igalikhi. I-sage ne-borage ayilona ewusizo ngaphansi kwe-strawberries. Ukumboza inhlabathi nge-pin ne-spruce izinaliti kuzosithinta kakhulu ukunambitheka kwesithelo.

Ukukhula kwe-Strawberry

Uhlelo lokutshala ama-strawberries lulula. Ukuze ukufika kulungele kuyoba isimo sezulu esimanzi futhi esinamafu. Izindlela zokusabalalisa izithombo emhlabathini zingahluka: imigqa emibili, imigqa emibili emibhedeni noma umugqa owodwa. I-optimal iningi kakhulu ukufika kwe-line-line. Ngumuphi ibanga lokutshala ama-strawberries ngumbuzo ovame kakhulu wabalimi bokuqala. Kufanele isakazwe kude ku-15-20 cm, kanti ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa kufanele libe lisuka ku-60 kuya ku-70 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - 30 cm. Ngendlela eyodwa, ukulinganisa okufanayo kubonakala, umahluko owodwa kuphela, ukuthi kukhona umugqa owodwa kuphela. Imibhede kufanele ibe khona kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu.

Muva nje, abalimi abanolwazi nabalimi ukuvikela izitshalo zabo, ngokuya baqala ukusebenzisa izinto lutrasil noma ruberoid. Phakathi nomsebenzi emigodini yempahla eyenziwa kude nakama-25-30 cm kusuka komunye nomunye futhi isitshalo se-sitrobheli sitshalwe. Umgodi ungenziwa ngefosholo ye-Bayonet, futhi imbewu ayifanele ibekwe emhlabathini kakhulu futhi ingabi phansi, kungenjalo ngeke ihlome.