Indlela yokuhumusha amabhayithi ku wamamegabhayithi uphinde emuva?

Namuhla ukuphila kwethu Kunzima ukucabanga ngaphandle amakhompyutha. Bathola kuyo yonke indawo. Igama elithi "kancane", "ibhayithi", "wamamegabhayithi" ziye zaba ingxenye yezimpilo zethu. Abantu abavamile ngokuvamile ukuzisebenzisa ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi zisithinta futhi ukuxoxa nomunye.

Amabhithi, kilobits ...

Kukhona anecdote ubudala. Uyini umehluko phakathi umuntu evamile futhi onguchwepheshe khompyutha? Eyokuqala ukuthi ngolunye kilobyte 1000 bytes, kanti eyesibili - in kilogram - 1024 amagremu. Futhi abantu evamile zivame ukubuza, Zenzeka nalokho, eqinisweni, ihlaya. Nokho, siyowuqonda engaphuma izinyawo ikhule, futhi ukuthola ukuthi ukuhumusha amabhayithi e wamamegabhayithi noma kwezinye amayunithi amaningi.

Bit - iyunithi kulencane kolwazi kanambambili. Okuningi ngokunembile, ubuningi bayo. Lokhu kusho ulwazi mayelana Omunye walabo ababili uthi into. Ngokwesibonelo, isignali / akunasiginali, kweqiniso / zamanga, 1/0, nokunye. G. Kusukela igama lesiNgisi elithi Kuvela ukunciphisa bi nary t digi ( "kanambambili") = kancane. Futhi "kancane" libhekisela kumuntu idijithi ikhodi kanambambili. Kulokhu, enamadijithi idesimali umelwe kuqanda eyodwa, isibonelo njengoba kukhonjisiwe ethebuleni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "uhlelo kanambambili of numeration."

Njengoba singabona, izinombolo 0 no-1 unayo setfulo efanayo futhi Deuce idesimali has izingcezu ezimbili - 10. Futhi eziyisishiyagalombili - ezine (1000).

Futhi iyini kilobits?

Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kunazo zalesi simiso ezitholakala ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Ikakhulukazi, izinombolo kanambambili esetshenziswa inani izinkumbulo digital.

Nasi isibonelo. Inani wonke amakheli kungenzeka ebhasini ikheli Unamandla okuxazulula noma isiphi isibalo ezimbili kwezinye N. ngokwezinga Noma kungenjalo - 2 ^N. Lapha, N lisho inani ibhithi ibhasi. Yini esiyibonayo? Inani lamaseli chip imemori lingana kuze fike noma kwenye degree of 2. Futhi ke - zikhanga ngisho nakakhulu. Inombolo 2 ¹⁰ = 1024 liseduze kakhulu 1000. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkulungwane esetshenziswa njengoba isisekelo sicalo ledesimali. Ngakho-ke, 1024 babizwa ngokuthi "kilobits". Ngu Isifaniso ne igremu ikhilo noma Kilo imitha. Ngikhumbula anecdote, eboniswe ngenhla.

Bytes futhi ibhithi

Computer science eyaziwa kanje. "Bytes" (eng. Byte) ibizwa ngokuthi iyunithi isitoreji, ukucutshungulwa kolwazi digital. Limelela inombolo izingcezu kanyekanye kusetshenzwe ikhompyutha. Kuyinto zakudala.

Modern tangcondvomshini zisebenzisa ibhayithi ehlanganisa 8 izingcezu. Ngenxa yalokho, kungase kuthathe 256 (2 ⁸⁾ namanani ahlukene.

Ukuguqula amabhayithi ukuba wamamegabhayithi, isinyathelo nje. Arithmetic ngoba ekilasini lesithathu: 1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes. Khumbula mayelana Februwari ^10? A-1 MB = 1024 KB (m. E. 2 ²⁰ 2 = ^2x10) = 1,048,576 amabhayithi.

izicelo

Ngokuvamile, amabhayithi esetshenziswa lwezinhlelo zama-computer, futhi izingcezu - e ukuthumela idatha amanethiwekhi. Ngokuvamile, i- Isivinini nesilinganiso.

Nasi isibonelo. inethiwekhi ye-Ethernet inikeza ngesilinganiso idatha ku ezahlukene 10 Mbit / s 1 GB / s. Okuningi Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, njengoba umthetho, bytes okhonjiswe incwadi "B" (noma Latin «B»). "Bit" futhi iqoshwe. Isiqalo esithi "ikhilo" eboniswa "K" incwadi. Kuyinto inhlokodolobha kunokuba ezincane. A 'k' encane kulotshiwe igama Isiqalo idesimali "ikhilo", okusho Mashi ¹⁰ = 1000. Manje sihlole kabanzi umbuzo olandelayo.

ticalo Binary futhi idesimali

Indlela yokuhumusha amabhayithi ku wamamegabhayithi, ecacile ucishe. Ekuqaleni kuka-1999, le nhlangano owaziwa-IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) ayifake kwegazi Isiqalo kanambambili ukwakha amayunithi amaningi inani Imininingwane. Isizathu salokhu kwaba izinombolo ukusondela 1024 futhi 1000. Ngokufanayo, ezivamile idesimali ticalo esetshenziswa ohlelweni SI, kanambambili kuhluke kuphela esikhundleni ilunga wokugcina "bi" (kusuka binarius Latin - kanambambili). Kubukeka njengoba kukhonjisiwe nakulo lelithebula elingezansi.

Izinga yamukelwa emazweni amaningi, kodwa amagama langena asetshenziselwa kancane njalo, ikakhulukazi zibhalwe futhi ngomlomo - cishe never. Indlela yokuthola ngenxa cacophony. Mhlawumbe ngakho. Uyavuma ukuthi kilobits umsindo omnandi ukudlula kuka kibibit futhi MEGABYTES ungcono mebibytes.

Ukuhumusha amabhayithi ku wamamegabhayithi ecacile. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Kuze kube manje, kukhona ezimbili izindlela ekwakhekeni zesi ulwazi. Lokho umbuzo ngisho nakakhulu indlela abaningi kule 1 megabyte ka amabhayithi.

Eyokuqala indlela

.. Kuyo isiqalo "ikhilo," "mega," njll asetshenziselwa njengoba kanambambili kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Imenenja yefayela nenye isofthiwe ngesikhathi esifushanisiwe Usayizi wefayela kulungiselelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo ibika ukuthi ubukhulu rekhodi-10 MB. Indlela zakudala ukuze uthumele amabhayithi e wamamegabhayithi, cabanga ngobukhulu okuyinto ilingana 10485760 amabhayithi. Abaphathi ifayela ngenqubekela ihlangabezana dimensioning ejwayelekile - usebenzisa indlela efingqiwe yokubhala igama weticalo kanambambili, ezifana MiB (MiB).
• Abakhiqizi uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula, flash khadi, kumemori vidiyo.
• CD-ROM ivolumu kunikezwa kuphela wamamegabhayithi kanambambili.

Eyesibili indlela

Lapha aduduze kusetshenziswa njengendlela idesimali kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• hard drive, kanye optical. ivolumu yabo abaholayo wamamegabhayithi ledesimali. Ukwehluka: CD, ogama umthamo kuvezwa kanambambili.
• Ukuxhumana okungekho emthethweni. Kulokhu, amagugu cishe babanjwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ivolumu eyizigidi eziyi-10 amabhayithi lwefayela kungashiwo ukuthi "ukala" wamamegabhayithi 10. Lokho esikubonayo lapha? Kulokhu, lo amabhayithi e wamamegabhayithi idluliselwe akunembile, kodwa zokuxhumana kuyenzeka.
• Ukukhonjwa isivinini ezokuxhumana uxhumano. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha ejwayelekile 100BASE-TX. Kuyo 100 Mbit / s idatha izinga okuhambelana kahle ezingu-100 izingcezu / s. Ake sibheke kabanzi "emincanyana" kwakwakhe nge 10 Gbit / s (10GBASE-X ejwayelekile). It sifana ncamashi bhiliyoni 10 izingcezu / s. Yilokho. Futhi hhayi kancane ucishe.

Kodwa nge-ezintathu intshi amadiski floppy 1,44 MB (khumbula labo?) Ingabe ezithakazelisayo nakakhulu. umthamo wabo kuvezwa-kanambambili code wamamegabhayithi ledesimali. Wabhalwa kanje. Omunye "wamamegabhayithi" onjalo kwakuyiNkosi KiB kuyinto 1000, okuyinto cishe 0,977 MiB, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo 1 KiB babelingana 1024 bytes.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili aduduze ongakhetha ukuzithoba. Nakuba esimweni amakhilobhayithi ayidluli 2.4%, bese ngisebenza esinye megabyte isivele 4.9% kuya GB - 7.4%, futhi itherabhayithi - cishe u-10%. Yiqiniso, ngeke esivuna ukumelwa kanambambili. E. "Steal" abakhiqizi bethu amabhayithi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthenga hard drive nomthamo 1-TB. Njengoba umuntu oye wafunda computer science, wena piously ukukholelwa ukuthi kukhona 1099511627776 amabhayithi. Futhi kuvela - "kuphela" 1000000000000. Lokho, uke "yenhlwathi off" angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu 99,5 amabhayithi (cishe 98 GB). Kuningi noma kancane? Cishe - kusuka 40 kuya 200 yobude obugcwele amafilimu, kuncike format. Lutho wathi ngalokho? E., Njengoba wawulotshwe ngenhla uthi, okweshumi.