Izinhlobo of temdzabu zomculo. Yini izinhlobo folk khona?

Folk art yokuqala, futhi enezici ngokwemvelo tihlobene kakhulu ekuqaleni zomculo. Yingakho ezihlukahlukene Amazing nokwehluka izinhlobo lapho izinhlobo folk wazwakalisa.

Kuyini temdzabu?

Temdzabu ngokuthi abantu art. Kuyinto umculo, izinkondlo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, umdanso, adalwa abantu zindawo zihlobene kakhulu emasikweni, inazo izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo, imikhuba, amasiko kanye nomlando.

Igama elithi "temdzabu" elisuka IsiZulu futhi uhumusha ngokuthi "Folk ukuhlakanipha". Ngokwemvelo yabo, temdzabu wehlukile futhi kuhlanganisa yezinganekwane, imizekeliso, legends, izinganekwane, izaga, izintelezi, amabika, izindlela ezehlukene sokubhula, zonke izinhlobo imikhosi egujwayo, ukudansa nokunye okuningi. Kuyamangalisa, kodwa futhi ubalwe njengenye izinkondlo temdzabu, imilolotelo kanye ezilula. A uhlobo folk ungomunye nje izingcezu Folk art.

Uhlobo -?

Sishilo kakade izikhathi eziningana (ngokuqondene nomqondo temdzabu), igama elithi "uhlobo", kodwa okuqondiwe? Uhlobo - uhlobo umkhiqizo libhekene izici ezithile ifomu kanye nokuqukethwe. Njalo uhlobo has injongo yako, imodi ye khona (isib, wetemlomo nobe lobhalwako) kanye nokusebenza (ukucula, aphindaphinde, idrama, nokunye). I izinhlobo ezilandelayo ungakwazi zilandise njengesibonelo: umculo, ingoma, a bezingoma, inganekwane, indaba, inoveli, njll

Kuyini ngokuthi folk?

Ngaphambi kokuhlola ukuthi izinhlobo of zomculo temdzabu, kumelwe uqonde ukuthi libhekisela zomculo Folk art.

Folk umculo - lena lokusungula abantu, okuyinto lubonakaliswa ifomu vocal, wezinsimbi noma vocal-wezinsimbi. Ngokuvamile-ke ukhona kuphela yetemlomo futhi sidlulile kusukela umculi eyodwa kuya kwenye. ukulondolozwa wakhe eside abantu temdzabu aphoqelelwe ukuba abadlali onamakhono futhi abanamakhono, ababizwa zezizwe ezihlukahlukene ngetindlela letehlukene: abadlali nogubhu, Minstrels, ashugs, Spielmann, kobzars njll

Ngakho, iziphi izinhlobo folk? Okokuqala, ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zamasiko, zingahlukaniswa zibe ezintathu izinhlobo eziyinhloko etemibhalo ezihlobene umculo-: oludumile (incazelo yanoma iyiphi izenzakalo ezihlobene umlando), idrama (emsebenzini yindawo kuyokwenzeka) kanye isosha esihlatshelelwayo (elandisayo kusekelwe imizwa ).

Futhi temdzabu izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ngokuvumelana uhlobo ukukhishwa: solo (odnogolosoe) Ensemble, Choral kanye wezinsimbi.

Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso temdzabu zomculo

Akunakwenzeka kubala zonke izinhlobo akhona folk njengoba ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo sikhulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuvela uhlobo olusha umdanso, ingoma nobe indzaba kubhekwa uhlobo ahlukene, efana a static, umdanso, imvumelwano, caddis ukundiza, amaqhawe, carols, njll

Isizathu esiyinhloko ezihlukahlukene okunjalo umculo othandwayo kubhekwa ukuxhumana ngqo ezimpilweni zabantu. Zonke zabasebenzi, zenkolo futhi ukuphila komkhaya abantu ephelezelwa izingoma zabo, emidansweni umculo. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo othi "yini izinhlobo zamasiko zomculo khona" akanayo impendulo eqondile. Ukuthuthukisa impilo eba nezobuciko. Isibonelo esicace lokhu uxhumano - ukuvela yesigaba sabasebenzi zabasebenzi iculo uhlobo.

Ngaphambi kwalokho, sabuka zonke izinganekwane, manje ake sixoxe ubuciko Russian zomculo. It obusa ingoma lapha, kodwa ngenxa lugcwele izinto eziningi zalo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana, ngamunye okuyinto ngokuzimela kufakwe izinhlobo zamasiko zomculo. Uhlu izinhlobo iculo Russian iyamangalisa ngokwanele, kodwa kungenziwa kunemibandela sihlukene phakathi ngokusho focus thematic.

Ikhalenda nezingoma isiko

Ikhalenda-isiko temdzabu ingenye izinhlobo endala. Futhi lokhu ixhunyiwe neqiniso lokuthi ukuphila komuntu ubulokhu uhlotshaniswa nemvelo, ngakho-ke kwadingeka ukuba cajole. Ngakho kwaba khona eningi imikhosi okuzala. Ngezinye mikhosi yayiqhutshelwa imikhosi egujwayo, ephelezelwa emidansweni iculo. Umqondo eziyisisekelo leyo micikilisho - yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle abalimi.

Izinhlobo zihlanganisa isiRashiya folk nezingoma eyenziwa ngesikhathi ukubhula. Ngokuvamile wazibuza ncamashi ku Svyatka, owaqala ngo-December 25 futhi owaphela ngomhlaka 6 Januwari. Izingoma kulezi zinsuku umsindo, ngokuthi podblyudnye futhi eyenziwa wawenzela inkatho. Kukholakala ukuthi umbhalo njengesifenqo ubikezela ikusasa. Nasi Ucezu lwezinye zalezi zingoma:

"Indlela uyindoda Novagoroda,

The guy eyodwa washefa;

Akazange futhi elinamandla noma eyisela, ngemuva imbazo;

Kodwa wayelalela bani Kuyoba inhloko uzochitheka.

Ukuze athathe, kufezeke;

Futhi ngubani iyofezeka, hhayi imizuzu. Udumo! "

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene folk, ezihlobene lolu hlobo okwamanje? Kukhona ikhalenda iculo zihlanganisa amaculo ezizwakala emishadweni, imingcwabo, christenings, ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ungase futhi ushayele iculo ubusosha, ayezenza lapho abantu bebona esempini.

Ezithakazelisa kakhulu yiwona imicikilisho yokusebenzelana lomshado nezingoma ahlobene nawo. Basuke ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu, okungase kuhlale kusuka amasonto ambalwa izinyanga. Wedding emcimbini iqala usathandana (matchmakers ukuza abazali bakamakoti futhi ucele esandleni sakhe), khona-ke kukhona ukuvumelana (isivumelwano sokugcina abazali balo isiko abasha) futhi ligcwaliswe yonke lomshado ngokwalo. Zonke lezi zinyathelo ayehambisana iculo abonisa isenzakalo esithile futhi echaza isenzo yezinkonzo.

Labour and umsebenzi iculo

Ngakho, iziphi izinhlobo folk, ngaphezu okungenhla? Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ku temdzabu labonisa lonke ekuphileni kwabantu, kubandakanya ukusebenza. Ngokuvamile lezi zingoma isetshenziselwa ukunakekela okusebenzayo isigqi ezithile, izenzo ukuvumelanisa. Isibonelo iyona edume "Dubinushka" okuyinto kudlalwa haulers ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa: "Mina-eh-ma bra attsy, dyuzhe hot! Futhi-oh! Akekho-ke thina musa khumbulani! Awu, hhe, Dubinushka, U-Uhnem! "

Njengoba izisebenzi zalezi zingoma phambili isiko lomtshikatshika temdzabu, kodwa lasungulwa nokuthuthukiswa ziyadingeka sabasebenzi Russian.

Izinhlobo Russian folk Ihlobene ngokuseduze umlando futhi ekuphileni kwabantu bayo. Ngakho lapho ekhulwini XVIII namafemu lokuqala ezimayini Urals, kwaqala ukuvela futhi yezabasebenzi iculo lokuqala. Ngokuyinhloko iziboshwa wasebenza khona, ngakho temdzabu kwabo ejele ejele futhi abasebenzi abazinikele namthetho, njengokungathi ngeke sijeziswe nokungabi nabulungisa iziphathimandla eziningi umsebenzi nengenabuntu kanzima. Nokho, kancane kancane, ukunganeliseki lalisakazeka okufanele asolwe kakhulu kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo. Futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX baqala izindikimba ngokugqamile wamavukelambuso uzwakale, futhi kuya XX - ngesisekelo iculo yesigaba sabasebenzi waqala ukulwa autocracy.

Nokho, umsebenzi iculo kancane kancane uhlukane temdzabu babe eduze izincwadi. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kunezimbangela eziningi. Okokuqala, kakhulu ukuthonywa kufakwe ukusetshenziswa kazwelonke, i-copyright iculo wamavukelambuso. Okwesibili, sabasebenzi abaningi baqala ukuthola imfundo. Futhi, okwesithathu, ukusebenza ezingasho kude emzaneni. Konke lokhu kakhulu kuthonywa uhlobo ingoma.

limericks

Chastushka - ingoma ezincane Rhymed ehlanganisa imigqa 4-6. Ivame ukwenziwa ngesivinini, futhi uchaza isenzakalo esithile esisodwa ngokunamandla kangaka ukuphila komuntu. Couplets yayithandwa phakathi kwabantu ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kanye phakathi isigaba sabasebenzi. Izimpande lolu hlobo iya ekhulwini XVIII, kodwa udumo enkulu ke usezuze ekhulwini XX.

Izihloko bemisindvo - kukhombisa impilo uqobo, izinkinga kunazo ukuphokophela neziphuthumayo kanye avelele. Iphuzu ezogxila kulo iculo yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane - kwezenhlalo, yasekhaya noma uthando.

Ucwaningo temdzabu e esikoleni

Zonke izinhlelo imfundo esikoleni zenzelwe ukuze izingane angahlola izinhlobo zamasiko zomculo. 5 isigaba iqala ukwazana nge ezihlukahlukene izinhlobo Folk ubuciko, kodwa silitadishe amasampula sebeqala esikoleni sabaqalayo.

Ukugcizelela main e yesibili isixhumanisi esikoleni kwenza ubuhlobo kwezincwadi kanye nomlando, ngakho ngokuyisisekelo watadisha imiculo yeqhawe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundi baziswa eyisisekelo ingoma uhlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo thisha ukhuluma ukufana kanye nokuxhumana Folk art nezincwadi ezimfundisweni eziyisisekelo futhi phambili.

isiphetho

Ngakho, izinhlobo folk, uhlu okuyinto sizamile ukwenza, kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ukuphila kwabantu. Noma iluphi ushintsho ebaleni ukuphila kwabantu abavamile noma izwe lonke ngokushesha abonakala endalweni ingoma. Ngakho-ke, ukuba uhlu zonke izinhlobo zamasiko, wadala kulo lonke ekuphileni kwesintu engenakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu art namuhla liyaqhubeka likhula, ziphenduke, nezimo ezintsha futhi izimpilo. Futhi ngeke baphile nje isintu ukhona.