Indlela nokuthi yini okumele igubungele ukushisa: izinhlobo zokugqoka kanye nezici zokufakwa kwazo

Ukuvuna okuhle kwezitshalo kungatholakala kuphela ngokudala izimo ezilula zokutshala izitshalo. Abalimi abaningi kulokhu bakhulayo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo. Isitshalo esakhula ezimweni ezinjalo sithinteka yizici eziningi. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi indaba ehlanganiswe yi-greenhouse. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi kanye nokukhathazeka ngombuzo: "Yini okufanele igubungele ukushisa?" Yilokho okuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Izinhlobo zokugqoka zokugcina izithombo

Indlela yokumboza abamba ukushisa ukutshala izitshalo ezimweni zokufakelwa? Ukufakwa kwezinto zokugqoka okuhlukahlukene kuzohlukahlukahlukahluka. Izindawo zokuhlala ezidume kakhulu ziyi:

• I-Glass;
• Ifilimu;
• I-Polycarbonate.

Muva nje, i-spunbond isiqinisekisile kahle. Lokhu kuyinto engavunyelwe. Kuyinto enamandla, enokwethenjelwa futhi enemisebenzi eminingi. Okuhle kudlulisa ukukhanya ne-oxygen. Izimila ngaphansi kwalesi sikhwama zizwa zikhululekile.

Kunokumboza abamba ukushisa - ifilimu, ingilazi, i-polycarbonate noma enye impahla, umlimi ngamunye weloli kufanele azixazulule, encike ezimweni ezithile.

Ukubamba ukushisa

I-Glass yokufihla i-greenhouse isetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Lokhu kulungele ngokuphelele, ngoba kunezakhiwo eziningi ezinhle:

• Ukuphuma kokukhanya okuphezulu, okungu-94%.
• Impilo yesikhathi eside.
• Ukumelana nezinguquko zokushisa.
• Izimfanelo eziphezulu zokushisa okushisa.
• Ukumelana nama-reagents amakhemikhali, ama-abrasives nama-detergents.

Kodwa ngaphezu kwezimfanelo ezinhle, ingilazi inezinselele eziningi, ngenxa yokuthi abalimi abaningi belilili banqabe ukuyisebenzisa. Phakathi kwabo:

• Isidingo sokwakha uhlaka olunamandla, ngoba isisekelo esibucayi asikwazi ukumelana nalokhu okuqukethwe.
• Ukutshala izimali ezibalulekile.
• Ukwehliswa kwempahla.
• Ukungena kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet.

Yona kanye indlela yokugqoka i-glasshouse ngeglasi idinga ulwazi oluthile futhi luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Akuzona zonke izitshalo zasemifino ezitshala izimila ezikwazi ukugcoba i-greenhouse yedwa, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa usizo lwabachwepheshe.

Ukuze kukhishwe izindlu zokugcina izithombo, kufanele ukhethe ingilazi ecacile, ecacile. Ubukhulu bayo kufanele okungenani kube ngu-4 mm. Ukuguquguquka ngokuqondile kuncike ebubanzi bezimele: uma kunjalo, izimo ezingcono zenziwa izitshalo. Uma ukhetha ububanzi befreyimu, umuntu kufanele abuye acabange ne-fragility yeglasi. Ebusweni obukhulu be-glazing kuyoba ngaphezulu kakhulu. Uma ingilazi yonakalisiwe, ukulungiswa kwe-greenhouse kuyobiza okungaphezu kokusebenzisa ezinye izinto.

Ukusetshenziswa kwefilimu

Yini okufanele igubungele ukushisa, ukuze izitshalo zizwe zikhululekile kakhulu? Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu nezishibhile ifilimu. Izitshalo zokugcina izithombo ezimbozwe yizo zisebenza. Noma kunjalo, lokhu ukugqoka kunomsebenzi wesikhashana esifushane.

Ngokuvamile i-condensate iqoqa ngaphakathi kwefilimu, eyenza izimo ezihle zokusabalala kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, amabhaktheriya kanye nosizi olungaphephile kwezitshalo. Naphezu kwalokhu, le ifilimu idlula futhi ihluke ekukhanyeni, kodwa kuphela uma isakhiwo sayo singaphuki.
Naphezu kokungabonakali okusobala kokuhlanganisa impahla, abalimi beloli abayekanga ukuyisebenzisa. Izinhlobo ezintathu zamafilimu zithandwa:

• I-Polyethylene;
• I-Polyvinyl chloride;
• Kuqinisekisiwe.

Eyokuqala iyona eshibhile kakhulu, kodwa ihlala isikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Kwanele kule nkathi. Esesibili siyabiza kakhulu. Ngokunakekelwa kahle kuzohlala iminyaka engu-7. Ukuphila kwefilimu yesithathu yiminyaka emithathu. Indlela yokumboza abamba ukushisa ngefilimu yezandla zabo siqu, izobhalwa ngokuqhubekayo kulesi sihloko.

Isitifiketi se-hothouse enefilimu

Ngaphambi kokumboza i-greenhouse ngefilimu, kudingeka ubale inani lempahla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thola ubude bendawo yesakhiwo bese uhlukanisa ububanzi befilimu. Amaphesenti ayishumi kuwo wonke umjikelezo wengezwe ekugqibeleni izinto futhi ukuqina kwawo. Inani lezingcingo landezelwa ubude balo - kanti ubude obudingekayo bezinto zitholakala. Ungakhohlwa mayelana nemikhawulo, ubukhulu bawo okufanele bengezwe kumanani obalwa.

Kulungile kanjani ukumboza i-hothouse enefilimu? Akunzima ukwenza lokhu uma ulandela imithetho ethile:

• Lezi zinto akufanele zinqunywe kusengaphambili. Okokuqala, udinga ukugoqa umqulu ngokusebenzisa i-greenhouse, welula ifilimu bese ufaka cishe u-25 cm ohlangothini ngalunye ukulungisa ikhava. Kuphela emva kwalesi sikhwama singanqunywa. Ngakho kubalulekile ukusika zonke izikhukhula.
• Le filimu ibeke phezu kwendawo ephahleni futhi ihlanganiswe kanye ne-tape ebonakalayo ezinhlangothini zombili.
• Imininingwane ekupheleni kwesakhiwo, izicabha namafasitela zenziwa ngezibonelelo zokugcizelela.
• Ukuze ugweme ukugoqa nokuxubana okuqinile kwezinto ezikuyo, kufakwe esimweni sezulu esifudumele. Emgwaqweni akufanele kube khona umoya onamandla.
• Ukuze kusetshenziswe isikhathi eside ngokwendwangu, i-greenhouse ivikelekile ngaphambi nje kokutshala izitshalo kulo.

Kusukela ezinqenqenqenqweni zezingxenye zenza uhlaka lwe-greenhouse. Yigqoke ekwakheni bese uyilungisa phansi. Ifilimu eqinisiwe igxiliwe ngebha, futhi phezulu ihlanganiswe umhlaba. Ifakwe nge-tape yokunamathisela, ifilimu ye-polyethylene isethelwe phezu kwefreyimu. Emaphethelweni e-tovas ahanjisiwe, afakwa ngaphezulu kwesitimela eside futhi azinziwe ngezipikili. Emva kwengxenye enkulu yesakhiwo ihlanganiswe, ukuphela, umnyango kanye namafasitela aphakanyisiwe. Wonke amalunga axhunyiwe ne-scotch tape. Uma i-greenhouse yenziwe ngamapayipi epulasitiki nasensimbi, khona-ke izinto ezikuyo ziqondiswe ngeziqeshana zobubanzi obufanele.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-polycarbonate

I-Polycarbonate yizinto ezidumile kakhulu zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo. Kuyinto ipulasitiki eqinile. Kunamandla kunengilazi, kepha isisindo esincane. Iyenzeka i-monolithic namaselula. Lezi zinsuku zibhekwa njengezifaneleke kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Efaniswa nokufaka ukushisa okuphezulu nokushisa okulula. Unomsebenzi wesikhathi eside.

Izinzuzo ze carbonate zamaselula zihlanganisa:

• Amandla;
• Ukukhanya okuphezulu kwebanga lokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo;
• Ukuvumelana nezimo;
• Isisindo esincane;
• Ukuphila isikhathi eside (kuze kube yiminyaka engu-20).

Ngenxa yezici ezinhle zalokho okushiwo, abalimi abaningi banombuzo mayelana nokuthi bangafaka kanjani ukushisa okushisa nge-polycarbonate ngezandla zabo.

Ochwepheshe bacebisa ukuba bangasheshi futhi bafunde ngokucophelela zonke izici zendaba. Qaphela ukubaluleka kwenani. Ngineluleka ukuthi uthathe amashidi ngobukhulu obuyi-5 kuya ku-8 mm.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-carbonate yamangqamuzana, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi, uma ishisa, iyakhula. Ishidi lamamitha ayisithupha, lapho livutha, likhuphuka ngo-5 cm ubude futhi li-2 cm ububanzi. Ngakho-ke, i-greenhouse kufanele ivikeleke ekushiseni okungenani +10 ° C, kuyilapho izithiyo ze-polycarbonate ziphakanyisiwe.

Indlela yokumboza kahle ukushisa okune-polycarbonate?

Izindwangu ezijwayelekile ze-polycarbonate ziba nobubanzi buka-2.1 m nobude buka-6 noma 12 m. Zonke izilinganiso zegreyimu yefreyimu zidluliselwe kuleyo ndaba, bese yonke imininingwane ikhonjwe kahle nge-jigsaw kagesi. Ngezinye izikhathi umbuzo uvela, yiziphi izingxenye ze-polycarbonate ezimboza ukushisa okushisa. Amashidi afakwa ekufakweni kuphela ngakwesokudla, ngaphandle, ngokuqondile. Uma kungenjalo, amandla okukhanya azokwehla, okuzobe kuthinta ukulima kwezitshalo.

Ngemuva kokuthi yonke imininingwane inqunywe, i-greenhouse ihlangene, ehlukaniswe ngokuthi:

• Iphuzu;
• Iphrofayela.

Uma iphuzu liphakanyisiwe, le nto ifakwe ngqo kuhlaka ngokusebenzisa i-thermo-washer. Izimbobo ezidibeneyo zikhonjiswe amaphuzu wokulungisa. I-Polycarbonate isetshenziselwa ifreyimu futhi ihlelwe ngezikrini. Ekupheleni kokufakwa, zonke iziphetho zivaliwe ngephrofayli yokuphela usebenzisa i-tape evuthayo.

Ngendlela yephrofayela, amashidi afakwa emaphrofayli akhethekile we-carbonate futhi ahanjisiwe. Hlanganisa izimbobo zezinxephezelo, ezilungisa izinto zokumboza. Ama-rafters ahlanganiswe ne-tape evuthayo.

Spinbond

Enye yezinto ezithandwayo zokugcina izithombo yi-spunbond. Leli yindwangu engelona eboshwe ehlanganisa amafolda e-polymer athunyiwe. Kuhle ukufihla zokugcina izithombo. Ihambisa ukukhanya futhi inikeze ukufinyelela kwe-air free, ukusabalalisa okufanako kokubili umswakama nokushisa. Isiza ukugcina i-microclimate ezinzile. Ibonakala ngezindawo ezihamba kahle zokushisa ezishisayo. Kuyawusizo futhi uhlala njalo. Ukulwa nesithwathwa, amakhemikhali nemiphumela yebhaktheriya nokubunjwa. Kuphephile izitshalo. Ingasetshenziswa unyaka wonke.

Lezi zinto zinezinhlobo ezintathu:

• Ukuze kuvuleke;
• Ukukhosela izindawo zokugcina izithombo noma zokugcina izithombo;
• Ukuze uhlanganise umhlabathi.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zinemibala emhlophe, ama-dark - amnyama. I-spunbond yokuvikela indawo yokugcina izithombo ine-30-60 g / isikwele. M.

Sebenzisa nge-aerofoil

Sekushiwo kakade mayelana nendlela yokumboza abamba ukushisa ngezandla zabo. Ukufakwa kwe-aerofiber (spunbond) kufana nobuchwepheshe ekufihleni kwe-greenhouse ngefilimu ye-polyethylene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici ezithile ekusetshenziseni izinto ezingenayo i-nonwoven:

• Ukuhlanza phakathi kwendwangu umdwebo wendwangu enezintambo ukubopha impahla yokumboza kuhlaka lokushisa. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ukufakwa kwe-spunbond.
• Ukuze wenze umcibisholo wendwangu, kufanele uwufake nge-slats emithini emithini esuka ngaphandle.
• Le ndaba ingahlanganiswa nefilimu ye-PET. Abanye balimi benza kuphela uphahla lwe-aerofoil, abanye bakhela ukufakwa kwebubanzi obuthile kanye nebanga elinikeziwe.
• Uma ukushisa okuluhlaza kuluhlobo oluthile, akudingekile ukususa i-aerofoil ebusika.
• I-Spunbond, engafanelekile ukufihla ukushisa, ingasetshenziswa ukuvikela izitshalo ngenkathi yasebusika.

Izinto ezingekho emthethweni zizohlinzeka izitshalo nge-ventilation efanele futhi ziphuze, futhi uma zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa, ngeke kube nesidingo sokwehlisa izitshalo. I-spunbond engaphezulu isiza ukugcina ukushisa okuqhubekayo ku-hotbed futhi ilawula umswakama womoya. Isheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ku-greenhouse futhi yenza isikhathi semifino yezitshalo isikhathi eside.

Izingubo ezingathandeki

Ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezingenhla ze-greenhouse, abalimi bamaloli basebenzisa ezinye izikhukhula ezinezindawo ezithile:

• I-Acrylic (i-plexiglass). Unamandla amakhulu. Kuyinto enhle kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Unenani elibi.
• Polyvinyl chloride. Kuyinto ishidi okonakele. Zisobala futhi ngakho-ke zidlulisa kahle. Ivimbela ukungena kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet.
• I-fiberglass. Yakhiwe kusuka ezinhlakeni ezikhethekile ze-polyester. Kuqiniswa. Une conductivity ephansi yokushisa, okugcina usuku lokushisa kulo lonke ubusuku.

Ngayinye yalezizindawo zokuhlala ezingenhla kunezinzuzo zayo. Yini engcono ukuyikhetha ukuthi umnikazi we-greenhouse anqume.

Amathiphu wokukhetha indaba

Ngaphambi kokuthenga indaba yokumboza, kufanele ucabangele zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances, cela ukuthi yikuphi okungcono kunezimo ezithile. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezilandelayo:

• Indawo yokukhosela;
• Izimo zezulu ezendaweni lapho kusetshenzwa khona ukushisa okushisa;
• Isikhathi sokusebenza kwesakhiwo;
• Amasiko azokhula esakhiweni;
• Inani lemali eyabelwe ukuhlelwa kwe-greenhouse;
• Inhloso yalesi sikhungo;
• Ukuncintisana kokufakwa.

Lapho ukhetha izinga lokugcina izinga lokushisa lingancika kwezinye izici ezibalulekile kuye.

Isiphetho

Kungcono ukumboza abamba ukushisa? Uma lizosebenza unyaka wonke, kufanele livikeleke ngokuphelele. Kufaneleka ingilazi, i-polycarbonate noma i-acrylic. Ukuze izithombo ezikhulayo, ifilimu noma i-spunbond izoba usizo kakhulu.

Kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukukhetha izinto ezifanele ukufihla ukushisa okushisa, kodwa futhi ukuzinakekela kahle. Isikhathi sokwenza ukulungiswa okuncane. Uma ukushisa okulindelekile kungakalungiselelwa ukusetshenziswa, khona-ke indaba yokumboza kufanele isuswe. Yigcine ekamelweni elomile nelomoya.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukukhetha okuhle kwezinto ezifihlekile kuzoqinisekisa izimo ezifanele zokukhula nokuhluma kwezitshalo, kuzokwenza zonke izindlela zibe nengxenye ekuqoqweni kwezitshalo ezicebile ezizokhokha ngazo zonke izimali.