"Impi Nokuthula". Abantu babecabanga noveli L. N. Tolstogo. Heroes izithombe

UTolstoy wakwazi ukubonakalisa zonke izici zokuphila eRussia kwekhulu le-19 e amaqhawe akhe "Impi Nokuthula". Abantu babecabanga noveli esikhanyayo elikhanyayo ngokukhethekile. Isithombe se-abanye kubantu abavamile nje ingenye eziyisisekelo futhi semantic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto umlingisi kazwelonke isihloko isithombe noveli. A uhlamvu kazwelonke kungenziwa kuphela abaqonda incazelo zokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabantu, umbono wakhe ngesintu futhi izwe, ukwahlulela indlela abanye abaziphatha, eyiphutha ubandlululo.

isithombe sabantu

UTolstoy kuhlanganisiwe nombono wokuthi "abantu", hhayi kuphela amasosha kanye abalimi, kodwa futhi kwamadoda asebukhosini, okuyinto has a nombono ofanayo we izindinganiso ezingokomoya futhi ukuthula. Kuyinto imicabango le kombhali sibekwa isisekelo amaqhawe "Impi Nokuthula". Abantu babecabanga noveli ngakho kuthwelwe bonke abantu izwi elazwakala alibazuzisanga, ulimi, umlando, amasiko kanye nendawo.

Kule umbono, UTolstoy kuyinto Innovator, ngoba phambi kwakhe izincwadi Russian uye wabambelela njalo umngcele ocacile phakathi abantukazana futhi ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela. Ukuze aveze iphuzu lakhe, umbhali waphendukela izikhathi ngokhahlo kakhulu sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia - iMpi Patriotic ka 1812.

Aphikisayo kuphela - silwa amadoda engcono yezikhulu, ngokuhlanganiswa abomdabu of abantu, amasosha nemibuthano bureaucratic, abakwazi ukwenza imigilingwane, noma ukuzidela ngenxa ukuvikelwa wobaba.

Isithombe ukuphila kwamasosha abavamile

Life Isithombe izizwe sokuthula futhi sempi, emelelwa oludumile UTolstoy sika "Impi Nokuthula" kahle. Abantu babecabanga enovelini Nokho, is kakhulu wabonakaliswa ngokucacile ngokwalo ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, lapho bonke abakhileyo eRussia bakhombise ekugxileni, ukuphana nokuzinikela ngenxa yezwe.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ngisho amabili amavolumu lokuqala inoveli kukhona izincazelo Folk izigcawu. Lokhu isithombe amasosha Russian, lapho iqhaza emikhankasweni angaphandle, enza izikweletu kuya oMfelandawonye. Ukuze amasosha abavamile ababevela abantu, efana izintaba abaqondi - kunganjani bavikele izwe labo?

izithombe ezesabekayo udonsa UTolstoy. Ibutho libulawa indlala, njengabantu obambisene nabo, kulo isekela, ngisho nokuveza amalungiselelo. Ayikwazi ukubheka ukuhlupheka lamasosha, isikhulu wanquma ukuba baphinde Denisov ukudla kusuka ibutho yomunye, okuyinto kuba nomthelela ongemuhle umsebenzi wakhe. Kulesi isenzo izimfanelo manifest esingokomoya sabantu Russian.

"Impi Nokuthula": umbono othandwayo kuleli noveli

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, isiphetho amaqhawe UTolstoy phakathi kwezicukuthwane engcono njalo ezihlobene ezimpilweni zabantu. Ngakho-ke, "ukucabanga kwabantu" kuwo wonke umkhiqizo ngentambo ebomvu. Ngakho, Per Bezuhov, wathunjwa, ukwazi iqiniso ukuphila owembula kuye ezejwayelekile ongumlimi indoda. Futhi lowo muntu uthukutheliswe kuphela uma ukuphila kwayo konke iphelile. Ukuze injabulo udinga kancane.

On emkhakheni Austerlitz Andrey Bolkonsky azizwa uxhumano bakhe nabantu. Yena ibamba Flagstaff, ningathembi ukubuyiselwa kwalokho iyophuma ngemva kwakhe. Kodwa amasosha, kokubona ejwayelekile wezikhali angena empini. Ubunye amasosha abavamile nezikhulu ibutho unika amandla engakaze ibonwe.

Indlu enovelini "Impi Nokuthula" kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke akukho mayelana umhlobiso futhi ifenisha. Isithombe yendlu emelela nezindinganiso zomkhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlu isesimweni esibi sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia, bonke abantu - singumndeni omkhulu. Yingakho lolu phiko uNatasha Rostova phinda ukuphakela izimpahla zawo futhi awanike eyayilimele.

Kuyinto kule ubunye UTolstoy ubona amandla abantu kweqiniso. Amandla ukuthi amqoba empini 1812.

Izithombe zabantu abavamile

Ngisho emakhasini lokuqala umbhali inoveli kudala izithombe yamasosha. Lokhu ehlelekile Lavrushka Denisov nge intukuthelo yakhe roguish futhi Sidorov merry, hilariously ulingisa French, noLazaru, owathola Order of Napoleon yena.

Nokho, endlini enovelini "Impi Nokuthula" liyisici esiyinhloko, ngakho iningi namaqhawe zabantu abavamile kungabonakala sokuthula izincazelo. Lokhu kuphakamisa omunye inkinga enkulu yekhulu le-19 - imithwalo serfdom. UTolstoy lubonisa njengoba Prince Bolkonsky ubudala, kunqunywa ukuba zijezise kaFiliphu barman, esakhohlwa oda umnikazi, walinika amasosha. Ukuzama ukwenza ukuphila kube lula ukuze Pierre serfs baba yize, njengoba umphathi amanga ku igrafu.

abantu ukusebenza

Tinkinga isici lokusungula UTolstoy kuphakamisa amaqhawe "Impi Nokuthula". Isihloko zomsebenzi njengendlela umlobi ezinkulu iyathinteka. Umsebenzi kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa ezimpilweni zabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, UTolstoy ulisebenzisela kuchaza balingisi, njengoba inamathela kakhulu lokhu. Ubuvila ekuqondeni umbhali likhuluma ababuthakathaka zokuziphatha, ongabalulekile futhi abangakufanelekeli indoda.

Kodwa umsebenzi - lokhu akulona nje komsebenzi, kuyajabulisa. Ngakho, whipper Daniyeli, iqhaza ekuzingeleni, unikezwa icala kuze kube sekupheleni, sikhombisa i oyisazi sangempela, futhi umuntu eqhuma uthando, ngisho olumemeza Ukubala Rostov.

Old valet uTikhon phambi ihlanganiswe ne isikhundla sakhe ukuthi uyaqonda ngaphandle amazwi enkosi yakhe. A egcekeni Anisa touted UTolstoy ngoba Thrift, buhle futhi amahlaya okuhle. Ngoba indlu yakhe abanikazi akuzona indawo alien nongenamusa, kanye nabathandekayo. Owesifazane uthando ngomsebenzi wakhe.

Abantu Russian futhi empini

Kodwa impilo elokuthula sesiphumile, futhi impi. Isimo nazo zonke izithombe kule noveli "Impi Nokuthula". Zonke izinhlamvu, kokubili esiphansi nephakemeyo, sihlanganisa umqondo eyodwa "yangaphakathi ukushisa komoya wokushisekela izwe." Lo muzwa uba trait kazwelonke abantu Russian. Yenze kuye uyakwazi wokuzidela. Lokho umhlatshelo isinqumo ngomphumela impi ngakho umxhwele amasosha French.

Omunye umehluko emkhatsini amabutho isiRashiya ababevela French - ngeke ukudlala impi. Ukuze abantu Russian, kuba nenhlekelele enkulu, okuyinto akukwazi lutho oluhle. amasosha Russian elingaziwa ukujabulela injabulo impi oluzayo noma impi. Kodwa ngenkathi bonke ilungele ukunikela ngokuphila kwakhe. Ayikho wobugwala lapha, amasosha esikhathini sokuba sizimisele ukufa, ngoba umsebenzi wabo - ukuvikela izwe lakubo. Can Ukunqoba eyodwa kuphela ngubani "mina sorry kakhulu" - naleyo eshiwo abantu bacabanga Andrey Bolkonsky.

isimo ongumlimi e nendumezulu

Ukubhoboza nemisindo elikhanyayo noveli "Impi Nokuthula" isihloko abantu. Ngakho UTolstoy akazami ukuzakhela idealize abantu. Umlobi okubonisa izigcawu ekuboniseni iletha futhi ukuguquguquka of ongumlimi uhlale. Isibonelo esihle salokhu - ukuhlubuka bogucharovsky, lapho abalimi, ukufunda anekhono lokundiza nelokubamba isiFulentshi, wenqaba ukukhulula ifa Princess uMariya. Amadoda labo abazokwazi ubugovu efanayo izicukuthwane efana Boris Drubetskoy noma Berg, abazimisele ukuthola ngokusebenzisa ezinhlwini zempi. The French wathembisa imali, futhi manje baye balalela. Nokho, lapho UNikolai Rostov beyalwa ukuba bayeke ngokuzitika ngokweqile futhi uxhumanise abangobhongoza, abalimi ngekutimisela wagcwalisa imiyalo yakhe.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho French waqala kuthuthukiswe, abantu bashiya imizi yabo, ekubhubhiseni impahla atholwe yini ukuthi eseke izitha.

Amandla Abantu

Noma kunjalo uyembulile arcade Folk amaqhawe "Impi Nokuthula". Ingqikithi yomsebenzi njengoba isikhathi ukuyichazela amandla abantu Russian kweqiniso.

Empini yokulwa ne isiFulentshi, isiRashiya naphezu ukuthi sakwazi ukuhlale sibonisa izimfanelo zokuziphatha eziphakeme. UTolstoy wabona ubukhulu besizwe akuyona ukuthi kungaba ngezikhali ukuze anqobe izizwe ezingomakhelwane, kodwa eqinisweni ukuthi lesi sizwe , ngisho ezikhathini naizhestochayshie ungagcina ubulungiswa, humanity sengqondo nomusa yabhekana nesitha. Isibonelo salokhu isiqephu we French wokutakula induna Ramballe.

UTikhon Shcherbaty uPlato Karataev

Uma sihlaziye inoveli "Impi Nokuthula" by sahluko, qiniseka ukuthi sidonse amehlo lezi zinhlamvu ezimbili. Ukuqina, lifake wabayisa indaba, wafuna ukubonisa esihlobene futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo esesayidini Russian uhlamvu kazwelonke. Ake siqhathanise lezi zinhlamvu:

UPlato Karataev - isosha izothile futhi Ungadliwa ababevame ngokuthobeka ukulalela phetho.

UTikhon Shcherbaty - smart, engananazi ongumlimi ngokugqamile futhi eyingqabavu ongalokothi ukwamukela ukudalelwa futhi ngeke ngenkuthalo baphikisane. Wangena kwezempi baduma ngenxa yokuthi ubulele French kakhulu.

Lezi zinhlamvu komculo ezimbili izinhlangothi uhlamvu Russian: emkhayeni zokuthobeka, ukubekezela ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi isifiso esisuka ukulwa - ngakolunye.

Kukholakala ukuthi ngokucacile kakhulu Nokho wabonakaliswa scherbatovskoe ekuqaleni inoveli, futhi karataevskaya ukuhlakanipha nesineke kungukuthi losalela emuva.

okutholakele

Ngakho, abantu yilona umlingisi losemcoka "Impi Nokuthula". Ngokusho ifilosofi UTolstoy, omunye umuntu akakwazi ukushintsha umlando, kodwa amandla nesifiso abantu bayakwazi ke. Ngakho-ke, uNapoleon wanquma ushintshe emhlabeni, walahlekelwa amandla sonke isizwe.