Kuyini isizwe? Laphuma nini? Kuyinto okufanayo nomqondo 'abantu' noma isizwe anezakhi ayo? Kungani izakhamuzi zase-United States uthi "Fast Food Nation"? Le mibuzo izophendulwa sizame ukuthola izimpendulo kulesi sihloko. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba unqume ukuthi yini isizwe, ake uthole eduze umqondo wakhe.
Kuyini isizwe?
Umqondo abantu ayisungula abantu isikhathi eside. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kwakusho umphakathi ezithile abantu abahlobene ngu Uzalo ezivamile, abahlala endaweni ethile, lenye imvelo ikakhulukazi kwamasiko. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene isigaba sabantu abantu ikakhulukazi bebengaba ukubekezelelana ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, eGreece yasendulo, abantu, njengoba kuqhathaniswa bakhona, bonke ababekhuluma isiGreki. Ngokufanayo kwakunjalo China. Ngo ngenkathi ephakathi eYurophu, abantu baliqamba igama isigaba nelungelo kuphela, waba nesisindo isakhiwo amakhosi asendulo. abalimi eziningi wabona iviyo labantu okuyisidina kuwo wonke amagumbi aleli zwekazi. Namuhla, abantu bavame ukubiza zonke izakhamuzi esimweni esithile. Ngakho, umqondo ihlanganisa zonke labo izakhamuzi noma ubuzwe.
Kuyini isizwe? Isingeniso definition
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isichazamazwi yesimanje, kukhona imibono ehlukene umqondo kanye nezici, ngokuqondile ezihlobene isizwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ezinye ezingqubuzana ukuhumusha kusuka kwezinye izilimi. Ngokwesibonelo, "Volk" German obumbene isizwe, futhi abantu elilodwa. Okusho ukuthi, akukho mehluko ukuba amaJalimane. Esikhathini izincwadi lesiNgisi egqanyisiwe welithi "nezizwe" futhi "abantu". Nokho, nalokhu kwesibili, akuyona nsé abantu isiRashiya. umqondo isiRashiya of "isizwe" kuyinto ngezinga elithile phambili abantu nokuthuthukiswa yabo. Uma isizwe ingaphezu ubunye yemvelo noma zomthetho okwakukhona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, isizwe - Umqondo zenhlalo-ngokwengqondo. Ukuguqula abantu bakhe baba isizwe kubalulekile ukuqonda umphakathi wabo futhi wabelane phetho zomlando. Akukhona nje iqoqo izici ezifanayo like ulimi noma isiko (nakuba zinezikhwepha kubaluleke kakhulu njengesisekelo), lokhu ukuqaphela ngokwengqondo ubunye wonke amalungu esizwe sakwa kanye nesifiso ukuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela. Iphuzu esiphezulu ukuthuthukiswa zanoma isiphi isizwe is dalo of isimo sabo siqu. Kuyinto lesi sifiso ngokuvamile inquma lokuzalwa isizwe emehlweni mlando nezokuhlalisana kwabantu.
isizwe zezombusazwe nobuzwe
Modern mkhuba abacwaningi ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili phakathi kwezizwe yesimanje. Kafushane, bayehluka maqondana izakhi non-zomdabu. isizwe Ethnic ukubeka at inhliziyo ubunye ngokuhola igazi izimpawu begazi. Isibonelo Classic of esizweni esinjalo kukhona kanye nabasePoland nase-Jalimane. ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke emhlabeni futhi mass kufuduka emenza isidingo ukuhlanganisa izakhi angaphandle, ibandla lezizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, e-French ukwazi mass we steel French nenzalo kwababaleki ezivela emazweni Maghreb. Yiqiniso, ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kudingeka ukwabelana izifiso zomlando lesizwe. Isidingo ukudala nomqondo isizwe zezombusazwe futhi ukuvela uthi multi-yobuhlanga (afana no-US noma eSoviet Union). Umqondo "indoda namaSoviet" iba kuleli cala ithuluzi makuqoqwe izakhi disparate emzimbeni munye.
Kuyini isizwe? Laphuma nini?
Benedict Anderson - ongomunye wabacwaningi kwama-Israyeli njengesizwe ngumkhuba - owaqamba igama elithi "imiphakathi wacabanga". Ngokwesibonelo, isizwe sakwa ukhona kuphela ezingqondweni amalungu aso, kodwa kwenzeka lapho kuwa umphakathi wendabuko ezifana imiphakathi dolobhana, umsebenzi Dortmund umuzwa wobunye kazwelonke kanye umabhalane Rostock. Ukusungulwa ubunye eziningi ezaba nomthelela cindezela. Ukubhubha lemiphakathi yendabuko - izinguquko kwezezimboni. Ngakho, ukuzalwa izizwe, abacwaningi abaningi (kuhlanganise Hobsbawm, Gellner, Smith) ephathelene XIII futhi ikakhulu kusukela ekhulwini le XIX emlandweni waseYurophu nase-Melika.