Immunogram - kuyini? Lokho kukhombisa ukuthi kubiza malini nalapho immunogram unikela?

Kaningi, odokotela linqume iziguli a immunogram cwaningo unelungelo. Hlobo luni ukuhlaziywa? Kanjani ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola umsebenzi umzimba? Kanjani amasampula kocingo? Uyini inkomba kulolu cwaningo? Lezi zinkinga esinesithakazelo kuyo iziguli eziningi ngubani okokuqala sibhekene sikadokotela wezokwelapha ezinjalo.

Immunogram - kuyini?

Umzimba womuntu njalo wadalula yizici zemvelo futhi uxhumane eziphilayo ezihlukahlukane eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezahlukene ukutheleleka. Futhi imisebenzi Ukuvikelwa amanga ngokuphelele amasosha omzimba womuntu.

Immunogram - isifundo esibanzi, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, kusiza ukuhlola ukusebenza kanye isimo kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Phakathi ukuhlaziywa, onguchwepheshe kungenzeka ukubala inani lamaseli igazi ukubala isilinganiso zabo, kanye ukuhlola umsebenzi obusebenzayo uhlobo izakhiwo zokuzivikela ngamunye. ukuhlolwa okunjalo kwenza ukucacisa mass izifo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise immunodeficiency futhi ukusabela nomzimba.

Izinkomba sesifundo somuntu

Yiqiniso, zikhona ezinye izifo lapho kufuna immunogram. Hlobo luni ukwephulwa? Eyokuqala izifundo ezifana kwenziwe umcimbi ukuthi isiguli wahlupheka isitho ukufakelwa kwezitho isidlulile chemotherapy noma isikhathi eside wathatha immunosuppressants ukuthi zivimbela umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomba for the test kuyizinto eziyinhloko futhi immunodeficiencies yesibili, kanye ngiboshelwa ukusolwa ngokushushumbisa ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Uhlaziyo okwenziwe ngoba iziguli abaphethwe njalo wamaphaphu ukuvuvukala, izifo ukuvuvukala, isikhathi eside izifo fungal izilonda pustular. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umdlavuza esolwa noma izifo sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba futhi izinkomba.

Immunogram ezinganeni kungase kwembule khona ukusabela iguliswa noma ezinye izifo azalwa naso kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi izimuncagazi kokunqotshwa umzimba (kuhlanganise imiswenya), noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kuhlola nazo kudingeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ukufaka esikalini lokuqala umsebenzi amasosha omzimba wenziwa uma umama abanesandulela-ngculaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuboniswa khona kungaba ukuhlukumeza unomphela izicubu ekusebenzisaneni eziphilayo nowesifazane-fetus. Kwezinye izimo, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kukhona ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso RH (Rhesus ongemuhle uma umama wengane positive). Ezimweni ezinjalo owayenza immunogram igazi nawo uyadingeka.

Futhi, kuhlolwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi recurrences kaningi herpes simplex futhi cytomegalovirus ukutheleleka. Iyawabopha e khona noma izinsolo kwemikhuba sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba. Kwezinye izimo, inkomba eziningi ukucindezeleka noma ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Kanjani amasampula kocingo?

Ucwaningo kanye nokuhlola izivikeli mzimba isebenzisa umthamo wegazi lesiguli. Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu ukuhlaziywa Akudingi ukulungiselela ekhethekile. Igazi amasampuli kwenziwa ekuseni, kanti isiguli singenakukwazi ukudla kwasekuseni ngaphambi test - ungakwazi kuphela baphuze ingilazi yamanzi (non-carbonated).

Ukuze isifundo sathathwa njengoba capillary (lokhu kwenza imbobo encane emaphethelweni umunwe), futhi igazi emithambo yegazi, kuye ngokuthi injongo ukuhlaziywa kanye nezici emtholampilo. Kunoma ikuphi, igazi ahlukaniswa futhi ngokushesha ibekwe ku ngemibhobho emibili yokuhlola. Ekuqaleni eseneminyaka bedle izigaba sangaphandle congealing. I thrombus, okuyinto ihlule zama-erythrocyte esetholakele futhi ngokuzuzisayo ukwakheka plasma. Esikhathini yokuhlolwa yesibili tube igazi ixubene anticoagulants - lapha lilondolozwe ifomu yemvelo ewuketshezi.

Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlaziya esithathwayo ngamathe, lacrimal noma uketshezi lomgogodla, isikhwehlela kusukela nasopharynx nokunye okunjalo. D.

Izimo ukuhlaziya

Kukhona isimo umzimba lapho azihlole is contraindicated njengoba immunogram. Kuyini lokhu? Okokuqala-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi igazi amasampuli akuyona eyenziwa phakathi kokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izimo yini izifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nezifo ezingamahlala khona ukuvuvukala kule esigabeni oyingozi. Lapho izinkinga ezifanayo izivikeli mzimba umsebenzi eshintsha, futhi ngokufanelekile, isifundo akunakwenzeka ukuba ulwazi. Okufanele ukwenze ezimweni ezinjalo? Bacedzela ngalokucwebe tifundvo sokwelashwa ulinde umuntu alulame ngokugcwele.

Yini ukubheka phakathi izifundo laboratory?

Yiqiniso, iziguli eziningi unesithakazelo imibuzo ngalokho uhlobo locwaningo kuhilela immunogram kubonisa ukuthi lesi ukuhlaziywa. Empeleni, ochwepheshe sinake kakhulu amaphuzu amathathu amakhulu:

• yeselula izivikeli mzimba.
• umsebenzi Phagocytic ka neutrophil.
• immunoglobulin, ayisiza Serum.

Ngayinye yalezi izingxenye ucwaningo kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kuyasiza ukuhlola ukusebenza izindlela ezehlukene zokwenza lokhu aphethe ukuzivikela.

yeselula izivikeli mzimba

Ukuze ukuhlola ukusebenza yeselula izivikeli mzimba, kumelwe uthole ukuthi inani T ne B-lymphocyte. Okokuqala ukuvikela izicubu namagciwane athile, eziphilayo fungal nezinhlayiyana ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho wesiko ukuhlukanisa T-umsizi amaseli akhiqiza amasosha omzimba kanye T-suppressors okuyinto ukucindezela zamagama abo. Kuyinto inombolo bese ingxenye yalezi amaseli bese ubonisa immunogram. Okuvamile - lihlela isilinganiso phakathi kwama-T-umsizi ne-T-suppressor 1,5-2.0. Inani-T cell kumele singeqi 50-70% of lonke inani izakhiwo immunoactive.

B cell ukunikeza iseli immunoglobulin zamagama ngemva kokuhlangana nge ejenti angaphandle. Ngokuvamile, inombolo yabo kumele singeqi 6-20%.

Ukutadisha umsebenzi kanye nezinga immunoglobulin

Ukuze nokuhlola ukusebenza izivikeli mzimba endaweni yokucwaninga futhi kutholakale izinga immunoglobulin ngamunye. Okokuqala sinake izinkomba ezilandelayo:

• Immunoglobulin A (Iga). Neutralizes amagciwane ubuthi obukhishwa bacterium, futhi unesibopho ukuvikela nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ngokuvamile, izinga zokhahlamba kusuka 0.5-2.0.
• Immunoglobulin M - omzimba ezivezwa umzimba we-fetus. Lona amasosha omzimba bokuqala ukuthi ukuvikela isidumbu sengane egciwaneni namagciwane igremu-HIV. Ziyanda abo libonisa khona ukuvuvukala oyingozi. By endleleni, ngo izinga kwabo okuvamile 0.5-2.5.
• Immunoglobulin G - sekwephuzile amasosha omzimba fetus ukuthi kusebenze phagocytosis izinqubo, iwukudambisa ubuthi akwazi ukuwela placenta. Norma - 5,0-14,0.
• ekilasini E immunoglobulin, ayisiza ekusungulweni komzimba nezinto futhi ukuvikela izimuncagazi. Ukwandisa izinga labo (ngokuvamile bengekho ngaphezu kwama-100 IU / ml), okusikisela i umzimba lesion izibungu komzimba.

Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi phagocytic ka neutrophil

Ngokuqinisekile, kubalulekile ukuba ningabi nje kuphela ukucacisa inombolo leukocyte, kodwa futhi ukuhlola umsebenzi wabo phagocytic, kanjalo yokuthola kube sezingeni ukusebenza kwabo. Ngenxa yale njongo endaweni yokucwaninga iyenziwa masinya kanjani uthwebule egazi futhi kugaywe nge okuthiwa "izinhlayiya test" - standard ezihlongozwayo yibo microparticles (isib latex), kanye amaseli wabulala amagciwane (ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa salokhu staphylococci injongo).

Phela, ngesikhathi sokuhlola ngezinye izikhathi futhi ichaze ezibaluleke kangaka njengoba umsebenzi phagocytic (inombolo phagocytes e iphesenti inani lonke neutrophil abalwa) kanye nenombolo phagocytic (Inani eliyisilinganiso latex izinhlayiya ezingasetshenziswa ukuncela neutrophil esebenzayo).

Kunoma ikuphi, ngemiphumela yocwaningo etholakala kufanele usheshe uye kudokotela i ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe isinqumo angase adinge ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe.

ulwazi oluwusizo

Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abangewona odokotela linqume socwaningo olufanayo, sibhekene nenselele yokuthi ungenza immunogram. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umtholampilo ezivamile le ukuhlaziywa akunakwenzeka ukwenza, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubheka izibhedlela ezinkulu kanye laboratories yangasese. In an icala ngokwedlulele, ungacela ukuthi umbuzo udokotela wakho - ngokuqinisekile ngeke ukunikeza ulwazi oludingekayo.

Yeka ukuthi kuyinto immunogram? Lena enye Iphuzu elithakazelisayo iziguli. Eqinisweni, izindleko zocwaningo zingase zihluke, njengoba kuncike kokubili kunqubomgomo intengo umtholampilo oyikhethile, futhi kusukela inani ucwaningo (ngezinye izikhathi ezimbalwa nje udokotela kuyadingeka ukuze ichaze imithetho ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe). Ngokwesilinganiso, intengo cwaningo zokhahlamba kusuka 1000 kuya ruble 9000.