Thalamus - I thalamus kuyinto ...: definition, lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti

Development of Psychiatry futhi Neurology ezimweni yesimanje awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela ngokujulile ulwazi isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi yobuchopho. Ngaphandle kuvisisa izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni ekwelapheni hhayi ngempumelelo lesi sifo bese ubuyela abantu ekuphileni okuvamile. Ukwephulwa kunoma yisiphi isigaba embryogenesis - kwezinso zofuzo noma ukuphazamiseka kwempilo, ngenxa yemiphumela teratogenic yezinto yangaphandle - phambili ekuthuthukiseni zokugula organic nemiphumela ungalungiseki.

umnyango obalulekile

Ubuchopho - isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi umzimba. Kuhlanganisa izakhi ezihlukahlukene. Omunye neminyango ezibaluleke kakhulu kubhekwa Lesisemkhatsini. Kuhlanganisa izixhumanisi eziningana: i-thalamus, ngxenye, futhi epithalamus metetalamus. Eyisisekelo kunazo ezimbili zokuqala zibhekwa.

Thalamus: izitho zomzimba

Lo msuka umelwe lesemkhatsini kumiswa izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana. Itholakala phakathi ubuchopho obuphakathi futhi cortex. Elementi siqukethe 2 izigaba. образование, входящее в лимбическую систему. Thalamus - imfundo, ingxenye isimiso semizwelo. It wenza ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi. Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa embryonic, element kubhekwa kwekulu. It is fixed okuthiwa esifundeni anterior, eduze ingxenye yobuchopho elawula. Kusukela yona cortex yezinzwa ukunweba kuzo zonke izindawo. Ebusweni medial yakha odongeni uhlangothi i-ventricle lwesithathu.

izikhwebu

часть сложного комплекса. Thalamus - kuyingxenye isethi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kumiswa It is izingxenye ezine. Lezi zihlanganisa: le ngxenye, epithalamus, predtalamus kanye amaphiko thalamus. Laba ababili bokugcina zihlobene isakhiwo Lesisemkhatsini. Epithalamus siqukethe Tala pineal, bocalantsatfu ngezintambo. Kule ndawo zitholakala nuclei ehilelekile ukusebenza iphunga. Yokuthuthuka imvelo epithalamus futhi peritalamusa ezahlukene. Kule ndaba, bephathwa njengoba ziyizinto ezihlukile. включает в себя более 80 ядер. Ngokuvamile, thalamus isakhiwo Lihlanganisa izinto ezingaphezu kuka-80 nuclei.

ngokucacile

ubuchopho thalamus kuhlanganisa slat uhlelo. Lakhiwa Imicu yotshani myelinated futhi ehlukanisa izingxenye ezahlukene imfundo. Ezinye izindawo kuchazwa amaqembu neuronal. Ngokwesibonelo, izakhi intralaminar nucleus periventricular nokunye. Izakhi kuyahluka kakhulu kusukela main ingxenye thalamic.

ngezigaba

isikhungo ngasinye siqukethe nucleus yayo. Lokhu kubangela value abo umzimba womuntu. Ukwahlukanisa nuclei Kwenziwa kuye ngendawo yabo. Hlukanisa amaqembu ezilandelayo:

1. Front.
2. Mediodorsal.
3. Umugca lohlukanisa emkhatsini.
4. Dorsolateral.
5. Ventrolateral.
6. posteromedial Ventral.
7. Emuva.
8. Intralaminar.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, core lihlukaniswe kuye ngokuthi orientation yesenzo neuronal ku:

1. Ukubeka amabala.
2. Buciko amasignali ukucutshungulwa ethintekayo.
3. Ukuzwa.
4. Olawula ibhalansi.

izinhlobo izikhungo

Ukwabela edluliselwe, futhi nonspecific inhlangano i-nucleus. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama lenqwaba medial kanye okwakheke intralaminar. I-nucleus edluliselwe uthola amasignali, okuyinto kamuva afakwa ezindaweni ezahlukene cortex. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlangano adlulisa emizweni oyinhloko (ventral posteromedial, postlateralnoe ventral, geniculate medial kanye lateral) kanye pulses ehilelekile impendulo cerebellum (ohlangothini ventral). core associative iningi pulses eyatholakala kusukela cortex. Bathi project ngibabone ukulawula umsebenzi.

yemizila yezinzwa

образование, связанное с гиппокампом. Thalamus - Imfundo ezihlobene hippocampus. Ukuxhumana kweza indlela ekhethekile, lapho kukhona asethwe, nemizimba mammillary. Ngu cortex thalamus uxhuma imisebe thalamocortical. Futhi kukhona indlela lapho ulwazi adluliselwa ukuluma, uthinte, izinga lokushisa. Kuthatha indawo emgogodleni. Lapha kuneminyango amabili: ventral kanye lateral. On the pass pulses lokuqala ubuhlungu kanye lokushisa, kwesibili - ku ingcindezi, bese uthinta.

liningi igazi

It is okuvela ngokuxhuma langemuva, inferolateral, ezilingene phakathi choroidal futhi thalamus paramedian, izitsha subthalamic ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni. Abanye abantu baye bathola anomaly yokwakheka. Linikezwa ngesimo Umthambo Percheron. Kulokhu, omunye asuka esiqwini ezingemuva esibuthakathaka palsy. Inikeza zonke thalamus igazi. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kuyinto ngempela ezingavamile.

imisebenzi

? Thalamus kufanele aphendule ngalokho? Lokhu imfundo ethatha eziningi izinkinga. Ngokuvamile, le thalamus - uhlobo isikhungo kolwazi. Ngokusebenzisa kwenzeka sidlulisele phakathi izindawo subcortical. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo abathola ngamunye, ngaphandle olfactory isebenzisa i-nucleus thalamic, ethola bese bedlulisela amasignali e ohambelana endaweni eyinhloko. Ukuze ingxenye optic we pulses-retina engenayo ithunyelwa ngokusebenzisa isikhungo ukwahlukana lateral, projecting ulwazi okuhambisanayo occipital cortex zone wemboni. A indima ekhethekile kungokwalabo thalamus e ukulawulwa sihlale siphapheme futhi ubuthongo. Cores of uxhumana amagxolo, yakha izifunda ethize ephathelene ne-unembeza. Umsebenzi futhi injabulo futhi ulawula thalamus. Ukulimala lokhu kumiswa ngokuvamile kuholele equlekile. I thalamus ixhunywe hippocampus wenza imisebenzi ethile kumemori inhlangano. Kukholakala ukuthi esifundeni sakhe axhunyiwe amanye izindawo mesial-yesikhashana. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukwazana kwamangqamuzana inkumbulo rekollektivnoy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusikisela ukuthi thalamus ehilelekile izinqubo kwemizwa kudingekile ngokulawulwa motor.

pathologies

Ngenxa unhlangothi syndrome thalamic angagcina. Kubonakala eyodwa emaceleni evutha (imfiva), ezidabukile emizweni. It uvame ukuhambisana lokhu kushintshashintsha kwemizwa. Bilateral esifundeni thalamic of ischemia kungabangela ukwephulwa kuyindaba eqakathekileko. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, zihlanganisa mutism akinetic, oculomotor thuthuva. Lapho occlusion zamazwe amabili we infarction Umthambo Percheron kungenzeka.

Thalamic kumiswa reticular

Esigabeni emaphakathi umgqomo kuyinto qoqo lamangqamuzana. Befaka lenqwaba imicu kuyoshaya kuzo zonke izindawo. Uma sicabangela lokhu kumiswa ngesibonakhulu, kubukeka sengathi inethiwekhi. Ngakho-ke, wabizwa ngokuthi ukwakheka reticular. Imicu yotshani Neural suka ekufezeni uqweqwe bese bakha ngendlela non-ethize. Ngosizo lwabo zigcinwe umsebenzi kuzo zonke izindawo ze-CNS. Ngaphansi kwethonya kumiswa zithuthukiswa ingqondo. Kulesi cluster kukhona Ukukhetha kolwazi. Izingxenye overlying uthola ulwazi olusha futhi ezibalulekile kuphela. kumiswa Active uhlale ezingeni eliphezulu, njengoba uya ngokusebenzisa amasignali kusuka zonke receptor.

izinzwa

Bona abonise kucikelela okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze ejenti kwemithi futhi hormone. Kushaqwe izidakamizwa ezifana ne "reserpine", "Chlorpromazine", "Serpazil" nabanye bekwazi ukunciphisa umsebenzi kumiswa. Ngo izinzwa uxhumana amasignali uplink futhi downlink. I pulses kukhona kwegazi njalo ezifundeni. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi inakekelwa. Yena, kuyadingeka ukuze balondoloze ithoni isimiso sezinzwa. Endabeni ukubhujiswa ukwakheka, ngokukhethekile izingxenye layo elingenhla, kuza ubuthongo obukhulu, nakuba amasignali afferent uqhubeke ukufika cortex ngamanye imizila.