Imfundo engokomoya nokuziphatha yabantwana besikole (GEF): imisebenzi

Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwezizwe, izizwe kanye nemiphakathi ibonisa ukuthi ukunqoba ubunzima bezwe kanye nentuthuko yayo kwenziwa ngokuthembela engokomoya nangokholo. Kubalulekile ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi esigabeni samanje sokuthuthukiswa kwemiphakathi phakathi kososayensi kukhona isimo sengqondo esiyinkimbinkimbi mayelana nokuhleleka kwezemfundo kanye nokuqukethwe kwengqikithi engokomoya nokuziphatha. Imfundo engokomoya neyokuziphatha yabantwana kumele ihlakulele ubuntu bomntwana ngezimiso zokuziphatha kwamaKristu, ukufundisa isizukulwane esincane isizukulwane esincane uthando olujulile ngabantu babo, isiko labo, ukuzinikela kwe-Motherland, kubambe iqhaza ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe obuphakeme bomuntu ngamunye futhi ngaleyo ndlela bagcwalise incazelo enhle kakhulu engokwenyama yesimanje sokukhulisa.

Umkhuba wezemfundo wesikole ubonisa ukuthi ayikho izinhlelo zokufundisa, akukho ukufundisa kwesofthiwe yokuziphatha okungashintsha ithonya lomuntu siqu kumuntu, ithonya lathisha kumfundi. Isiphetho sesizwe esizayo sihlale sigxile ukubaluleka kohlakaniphile, okugcina ukuthuthukiswa kwezemfundo, isayensi kanye namasiko ezandleni zabo.

Fundisa hhayi ulwazi kodwa abantu

Othisha, njengabanye abameleli be-elite stratum emphakathini, kanye nabososayensi, odokotela, abaculi, bangakhuthaza ukuvuna kwesizwe futhi bacebe ukukhuliswa ngokomoya nokuziphatha kwabafundi besikole. I-GEF (standard state state education education) yesizukulwane sesibili kufanele ivuselele lezi zinqubo.

Fundisa, njengomthetho, hhayi ulwazi, kodwa abantu abathwala lolu lwazi. Uthisha, njengomfundisi ongokomoya, angakhula umuntu ongokomoya kuphela uma kuqala, isimo sakhe senhlalakahle sishintsha emphakathini (umphakathi kumele uqonde ukubaluleka okuphawulekayo komsebenzi oqeqeshiwe wothisha-ukwakha isonto eliphakeme lomphefumulo wezingane); Okwesibili, inqubo yokuziqhenya ngokwenza okunenjongo, ehlelekile, ehlelekile kuyoba yisimo esibalulekile, esibalulekile sokuba khona komfundisi, lokhu kuzosiza ekudaluleni amandla akhe angokomoya nokuziphatha njengomuntu, njengesakhamuzi kanye nochwepheshe.

Ukwethembeka nokuthanda izwe kuyimithombo esemqoka yemfundo

Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, izibalo zezombusazwe nezamasiko, othisha, abazali, ukufundisa imfundo yabafundi abadala, ukuziphatha kwezemikhuba yobuKristu njengendlela ezinzile kakhulu, engokoqobo, engahambisani nokuhlangana kwezombangazwe nezombusazwe.

Isikhathi sokuguqula umphakathi esibhekene nawo namuhla, izinguquko ezijulile nezindlela ezihlelekile emfundweni yasemakhaya kuyinselele kubafundisi bezwe nabangokomoya abafuna izindlela ezintsha, izindlela nezindlela, izindlela nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zokwakha umphakathi womphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwezwe elingokomoya labantwana nabafundi, ingokomoya njengendlela ehamba phambili yobuntu kuyinto enkulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, ephakathi nendawo yomphakathi omkhulu.

Othisha abahamba phambili baqhubeka bebeka kuqala emfundweni - imfundo engokomoya nokuziphatha yabantwana besikole. Imisebenti eyenziwe ekukhuliseni inkolo nokuthanda izwe kubantwana iyimithombo eyinhloko yemfundo engokomoya kusukela ezikhathini zikaKivanvan Rus. Ukukhonza uNkulunkulu nezwe labaseBrazil kukhona amanani amabili aphelele kubantu baseSlavic.

I-paradigm engokomoya nokuziphatha

Ukwanda kancane kancane kolwazi lwamaqiniso phakathi nengxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-20 kungalandelwa izibonelo zezinguquko zomqondo kanye nemibono yemfundo, ukuqeqeshwa, imfundo. I-paradigm iyimodeli, isimiso sezinkolelo zemvelo, indlela yokuziphatha kanye ne-axiological, eyamukelwa njengesibonelo sokuxazulula izinkinga zesayensi ngamalungu omphakathi othize wesayensi. Umbono wokomoya nokuziphatha wokukhulisa ubeka umthombo oyinhloko wokuthuthukiswa komuntu ngokomoya, ngesisekelo - ukuxhumana kothisha nabafundi, ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lobuKristu.

Injongo - Isevisi kuNkulunkulu nasezweni laseYise. Lo msebenzi ekufundiseni njengenye yezinto eziyinhloko wawunqunywa ngumkhandlu wase-All-Russian Internet. Imfundo engokomoya nokuziphatha yabantwana besikole yakha izimo ezinjalo zokuphila komntwana lapho angakwazi ukufinyelela khona izintaba ekuthuthukiseni kwakhe, iziphakamiso zakhe ezingokomoya kanye nokuziphatha, ukuqonda kanye nensimu yokuzwa, isimo somzimba kanye nokufeza ngokufeza izimiso zobuKristu ekuphileni, Amanani omasiko. Umbono wokomoya kanye nokuziphatha wokukhulisa kuyinkqubo enenhloso yokomoya yentuthuko yengane yezwe elihloniphekile lokuziphatha elikhomba inhloso nencazelo yomuntu siqu.

Isimiso sokwakha inqubo yesimanje yokufundisa

Ukuhlaziywa kwefa lemfundo kusivumela ukuthi sikhulume ukuthi imfundo engokomoya nokuziphatha yabantwana besikole ithuthukile. I-GEF inikeza incazelo ecacile yezimiso zokwakha inqubo yesimanje yokufundisa ngesisekelo sokuziphatha okungokomoya nokuziphatha okukhulunywayo:

• Ukuzikhethela kwezwe lomuntu;
• Ubumbano bemvelo, imvelo kanye nemvelo yemfundo;
• Imfundo yenkolo;
• Isilinganiso somgomo jikelele ekuthuthukiseni ingokomoya lomntwana;
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwengqondo nokholo.

Lezi zimiso ziqaphela ngokusebenzisa isimiso semithetho yokuziphatha, okuvumela kokubili umfundi kanye nothisha ekusebenzisaneni okungokomoya nokuziphatha ukuze babone i-vector yokukhula komuntu siqu futhi bazizwe kubaluleka ubuntu babo kwabanye abantu.

Okuqukethwe kwalolu hlobo lokukhulisa ukubeka imigomo yemfundo engokomoya nokuziphatha yabantwana besikole ekuqaliseni ngokuphelele okungunaphakade, yobuKhristu, kazwelonke, ezombusazwe, ezemvelo, ezokuzijabulisa, nezindinganiso zobuhlakani. Indlela yokusebenza yombono ongokomoya nokuziphatha womfundisi ovelele ezimweni zanamuhla zokuhleleka nokusebenza kwenqubo yezemfundo kuyindlela yokubaluleka kokuziphatha okuhle phakathi kokuthisha nabafundi. Lezi zinhlinzeko zidinga ukulungiswa kwazo, okuzokwenza uhlelo lwezindlela, izindlela nezindlela, izinhlobo nezinhlobo zomsebenzi oqeqeshiwe wothisha futhi ekugcineni zixazulule izinkinga zemfundo engokomoya nokuziphatha kwabafundi besikole.

Uthisha njengomuntu oyinhloko

Inani elibalulekile lezinqubo zanamuhla zesikhathi samanje ohlelweni lwezemfundo kazwelonke ngokungangabazeki uthisha. Izinga lomkhakha wezobuchwepheshe nezomuntu siqu kumele liqinisekise ukuthi imfundo engokomoya neyokuziphatha yabantwana besikole iphakeme. I-GEF ihlanganisa izidingo ezintsha zomkhakha wezobuchwepheshe nezomuntu siqu, itusa ukuthi izinguquko ezinkulu zenziwe ngendlela, okuqukethwe, ubuchwepheshe bokuqhubela phambili imfundo yothisha, futhi zibuye zihambisane nezimo zemfundo nezamasiko. Kodwa-ke, inkinga esemqoka isalokhu ingumbuzo wekhono lobuchwepheshe nobuntu bomfundisi ngekhwalithi yenhlangano yenqubo yezemfundo esikhungweni semfundo jikelele yesimanje.

Ukuncintisana

Ukuncintisana kubhekwa yisayensi yokufundisa njengombono wemfundo engokomoya neyokuziphatha yabantwana besikole, kanye nokukwazi ubuntu bothisha ukuba enze ngokuhlakanipha nangendlela efanele kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kodwa futhi nokuxazulula izinkinga zomsebenzi ezimweni ezidinga indlela yokudala.

Emazweni amaningi, isibonakaliso sokusebenza komfundisi kothina wakhe wezobuchwepheshe kunamandla njengento ebalulekile ekuziphatheni komphakathi-ubuntu-ukuziphatha, ukuhlanganisa izinto ezigqugquzelayo, ezinokubaluleka, ezingqondweni nokusebenza. Imisebenzi yemfundo engokomoya neyokuziphatha yabantwana besikole ihlanganisa indlela yokwenza izinto, ngokwengqondo-ngokwengqondo, ezenzakalweni-eziyingxenye kanye nezindlela zokwenza izinto. Kodwa-ke, zonke zivela ekuhlakanipheni kwezwe lakhe, bheka ukuthi i-vector yokukhula komuntu othisha njengomuntu, isakhamuzi kanye nobuchwepheshe.

Inkimbinkimbi yezinto ezibonakalayo ezibalulekile zomhlaba ezithintekayo zinikezwa empilweni yothisha wezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho, olwahlukahlukeneyo, ulwazi kanye nokuxhumana, ezombusazwe kanye nezomthetho, kanye nolwazi emkhakheni wokuphila komuntu siqu.

Enye yezimiso ezisemqoka zokufundisa iwumqondo wobuntu. Imfundiso yobuntu iyisisekelo senqubo yanoma yisiphi isimiso sokufundisa. Uthisha wesimanje kufanele aqonde ukuthi ukwakhiwa kobuntu bomuntu akukhathazi nje kuphela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokuqondisa kwengqondo, kodwa okokuqala yilokhu imfundo engokomoya yabantwana besikole. "Imifanekiso yobuhle nokubi," eyaziwa namuhla emfundweni yezinsuku zanamuhla, ihlobene ngokwemvelo, enkolweni yobuKristu, ububi abukwazi ukulungiswa nokuhleleka.

Ukubukeka komhlaba jikelele

Umbono womhlaba wokuhlenga uthisha uhlanganisa ukwakheka kwesitayela esikhethekile sokusebenza komsebenzi, ukukhulumisana nobuhlobo, futhi kuthonya ukukhuliswa ngokomoya nokuziphatha kwabafundi besikole. I-GEF kulo magazini omusha unikeza uthisha amandla ekufiseni isifiso sokuba nobuntu obungokomoya, ukuhlakulela izimfanelo eziningana ezichaza isikhundla sakhe sokuphila njengento evamile yokubaluleka okungokomoya ngaphezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuzama okungcono, okumele kubonakale ngokukhethekile emsebenzini wakhe wokuziphatha okuhle, Amakhono, ithalenta, amandla okudala, ukuqaphela umgomo wokukhetha amanani - ukuziphatha kwamaKristu, amasiko kazwelonke, ukwanda kwamathuba okuqonda injabulo.

Imfundo engokomoya nokuziphatha kwabafundi besikole: izenzakalo

1. Ukwakhiwa kokuziphatha, isifiso somuntu ekupheleleni okungokomoya (ukunamathela okungaqondakali emithethweni yokuziphatha kunoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila).
2. Ukuqaphela okuqukethwe kwenkambiso engokomoya yabantu (ulwazi olujulile emkhakheni wezobuciko, izinkolelo zezwe, izincwadi zezwe kanye nezomhlaba, i-erudition ebanzi, izahlulelo ezizimele, ikhono emkhakheni wesiko lezwe, ingxenye yalo yenkolo: iconography, isiko lethempeli, umculo ongokomoya, isithakazelo ezweni langaphakathi lomuntu ngamunye, Intshisekelo ezimfundisweni zamafilosofi nezenkolo).
3. Ukwakhiwa kobuzwe, ubunikazi bobuzwe (ulwazi olujulile lomlando kanye namasiko abantu babo, imindeni yabo, ithuthukiswe umthwalo wemfanelo kanye nomthwalo ezweni labo kanye nabantu, ubuhle bomphakathi, njll).

Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwekhono lobuchwepheshe

Ngokuvumelana nomqondo wengqondo uthisha ngumqondo oyinhloko wemfundo engokomoya nokuziphatha kwabafundi besikole. Ukuvumelana kufanele kuqondwe hhayi njengokuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izakhiwo zomuntu ezingeni elifanayo, kodwa njengohlobo lobuqotho, lapho ikhono ngalinye lithatha indawo ethile ngokuqondene nendima yalo ekuphileni.

Ukuvumelana nokuphila komfundisi wanamuhla

1. Ukuvumelana ngokuxhumana nabanye abantu, ngendawo yangaphandle. Kufezwa ngokuqonda kwamaKristu othando - phatha umakhelwane wakho ngendlela ongathanda ukuphathwa ngayo. Emkhakheni wokusebenzisana othisha-umfundi, lelizinga liqala ukulingana kwezifundo futhi liqinisekisa impilo yansuku zonke umqondo wesithunzi. Ukuzibonakalisa okuwusizo kwayo yizenzo zokusiza othisha nabafundi.
2. Ukuvumelana nonembeza wayo, okunikeza ukuthula kwangaphakathi kwengqondo yomuntu ngamunye. Uma uthisha ehlonipha ukuvumelana kwakhe ngaphakathi, ulungile lapho ethukuthele; Ithi iqiniso uma kunenzuzo yokukhohlisa; Ukwenza ngobuqotho umsebenzi wawo, uma ungenziwa ngokuhlukile.
3. Ukuvumelana ne-Absolute of Good ukuthanda okuhle nokumelene nobubi. Emisebenzini yobuchwepheshe yothisha onjalo, ububele, ubuntu, ukholo, ithemba, uthando, uzwela, isihe nokulindela kubusa.

Izimiso zemfundo engokomoya

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwemfundo yama-Orthodox yobuKristu kubonisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlela impilo engokomoya yomuntu ngokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yakhe ye-psychophysiological. Ngeke ufike ekukhuleni okungokomoya ngokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kuphela, inkululeko kuphela noma imizwa, nakuba impilo engokomoya ihlanganiselwe ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zingxenye.

Umuntu ngokwemvelo uthambekele ekwakheni insimu yakhe engokomoya kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubheka kanjani amehlo emhlabeni - ngamehlo omKristu noma owomzimba. Isici esibalulekile esimweni somoya siwukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana nenye indlela - ukugxila enhle, esekelwe ekukholweni kuyo.

Ukholo yisidingo esingokwemvelo somphefumulo womuntu, okuwumthombo wesisusa esihle sokuziphatha komuntu; Yisisekelo senqubo yokukhulisa, isisekelo sokukholelwa komuntu ngamunye. Umbuzo oyinhloko wukuthi ingane ingakwazi yini futhi kufanele ikholwe kuyo, ukuthi yini okufanele ibheke ukusekelwa okungokomoya. Ubuqotho bemisebenzi yezemfundo busekelwe ekusebenzisaneni kokholo kanye namagugu, ubumbano obonisa ngokucophelela umkhuba wemfundo ethandwayo. Amanani afaneleke ngokuyinhloko ngokukholwa, ngoba kungokwesebenzi yolwazi olungokomoya.

Ama-Value Systems

Imfundo yokomoya yabantwana esikoleni ngaphakathi kohlelo lokuphila idinga ukwakheka kwesimiso samagugu njengesisekelo sencazelo yobomi bomuntu, ukuphishekela izimiso ezingunaphakade zeGood, Truth and Beauty. Uma umphakathi uqukethe abantu abahlangabezana nokuvumelana komphefumulo, khona-ke uqobo uqobo ulinganisela, uvumelanisiwe, ngoba lonke isimo sokuziphatha komphakathi sinqunywa isimo sokuziphatha samalungu ayo.

Kungenxa yokwazi ngokwabo ukuthi uthisha uyaziqaphela ukubaluleka kwakhe futhi, ngokwenza ngcono ngokwabo, athola iziphakama zesithunzi somuntu, ukuvuselelwa ngokomoya, kufika ekukholweni kweqiniso nokuphila okusebenzayo.

Omunye kufanele akhumbule njalo iziyalezo zikaJohn Chrysostom: "Izingane zakho zizohlala zihlala ekuchumeni, lapho zizothola kuwe ukukhuliswa kahle, okukwazi ukuhleleka ukuziphatha kwazo nokuziphatha, ngakho ungazami ukubenza zicebile, kodwa qaphela ukuba zikhule nabo ngamakhosi abahlonipha izinkanuko zabo, Izitayela ezicebile. "