I-White Mosque (i-Bolgar): indlela yokuthola, incazelo

Ukuthintana nomlando wasendulo kuze kube phakade ushiya umbono ongapheli emphefumulweni. Ubani ababehlala ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthi abantu babezwa lokho ababekuphuphile, ukuthi bahlala kanjani futhi bafa? Ngaso sonke isikhathi, lapho sivakashela amadolobha amadolobha nezindawo zasendulo, sithola isiqephu sesikhathi esingajwayelekile, esasidlulile isikhathi eside, emva kwalokho kwakukhona izindlu, izinto, izikhali, imihlobiso, imisebenzi yobuciko - konke okwakusinda eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane namashumi amabili.

I-White Mosque (i-Bolgar) iyisikhumbuzo esincane kakhulu sokwakha izakhiwo, kodwa sithatha sonke isiko seKhanate yasendulo yesiBulgaria, kanye kanye kanye enkulu ukuze ibuyele i-Golden Horde.

UMbuso waseBulgaria

Ngokokuqala ngqa amaBulgaria akhulunywa emithonjeni yezincwadi zaseByzantium zekhulu lesibili, kodwa kakade ekhulwini lesine leminyaka abizwa ngokuthi yizinhlanga eziningi ezazinqamula ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Azov and Black Seas.

Ingxenye yawo yawela ngaphansi kwethonya lamaKhayars futhi yahamba ngakwesokunene seVolga, lapho yahlala khona ngekhulu le-10, yakha umbuso waseBulgaria. Kwakukhona insimu enkulu kulawo maxesha: i-Kama, i-Middle Volga, i-White River kanye namazwe eduze komfula ural.

Kancane kancane inani labantu lakhula, ithonya labomakhelwane baseTurkey lashiya inkohliso enkolweni, futhi abantu bamukela ama-Islam. Ukusuka emadolobheni amakhulu kunawo wonke kwakuyi-Bolgar, eyayiyinhloko-dolobha yombuso. Ekhulwini lama-11, kwakuyikhaya labantu abayi-10 000, ngaleso sikhathi okwakubhekwa njengedolobha elikhulu.

Isizathu sokuwa kombuso waseBulgaria kwaba ukufutheka okwenziwe i-Golden Horde. Kwenzeke lapho uBolgar ezama ukuthatha uGenghis Khan ngempi yakhe, kodwa wanqotshwa, ngesikhathi ama-4000 emasosha akhe athunjwa. Abazange babulawe noma babe yizigqila, kodwa bavele bashintsha isosha ngalinye ngenqama eyodwa, ngaleyo ndlela babonisa ukuthi bacabangani ibutho laseMongol-Tatar.

UGenghis Khan ushonele, kepha ulaka olufayo lwahlala. AmaBulgaria akwazi ukuphindiselela ngo-1236 kuphela, lapho amasosha e-Golden Horde elula nje umuzi, ebhubhisa izakhamuzi zawo kusukela ezincane kuya ezinkulu. Mayelana nalezo zenzakalo ungathola ngokuvakashela imyuziyamu evulekile edolobheni laseBolgar.

Idolobha lasendulo

Inhloko-dolobha yoMbuso WaseBulgaria, owasekelwe ekhulwini le-10, namuhla useTatarstan, futhi ungajwayele umlando wayo ngokuvakashela eKazzan. I-Mosque e-White (i-Bolgar) eyakhelwe eduze ne-settlement yakudala njengophawu lovuko lweKhanate elikhulu kusukela emlotha wezikhathi. Ngempela, eminyakeni eyinkulungwane eyedlule kwakukhona ukuhlala okunethezeka lapha, lapho kwakhiwa izindlu nemikhosi, izindlu zamakhosi nezinqaba, ezinye zazo zisinda kuze kube yilolu suku. Ukuhweba kwakhiwa emzini futhi ukuhweba kwakunzima, futhi ngekhulu le-14 kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-50 000 abahlala lapha. Izazi ze-archeologists zembula ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi embusweni kwakukhona izindawo ezingaba ngu-2 000 nemizi engu-150.

I-Volga Bulgaria ihwebelana neChina, i-Asia Ephakathi, iRussia neByzantium, futhi imikhiqizo yayo yethusi neyesiliva, ubomvu nezikhumba zaziziwa emhlabeni wonke. Kwakuyizwe elihle ngempela, lapho kwakukhona izikhumbuzo ezimbalwa zokwakha nezakhiwo eziningi zobuciko ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukuhlala

Njengoba ihlala ebuhleni obudala bombuso wasendulo, ukuhlala okuqinekile kuyincenye engadingekile yokwakha, kepha ngisho noma ubani angakwazi ukwahlulela ukuthi iBolgar yayinkulu kangakanani futhi ibalulekile. Isibonelo, eScandinavia lelizwe labizwa ngegama elithi "Burgarland", kanye ne "Gardarika", okusho ukuthi "izwe lamadolobha".

Okwamanje, kuze kube manje, kukhona:

• I-mosque yamasonto, eyayiyisikhathi sokuqala se-Golden Horde.
• East and North Mausoleum.
• Ithuna likaKhan.
• Ama-White and Black Chambers.
• Ukugeza kuka Khan, okuyinto, ngokusho kokucwaningwa kwabavubukuli, yayihloselwe kuphela imihlangano yabantu abaphezulu.
• I-minaret encane nethempeli le-Assumption.

Zonke izikhumbuzo zigcinwe kahle, futhi namuhla ungenza isinyathelo ngokuqondile kusukela esidlule: i-White Mosque (Bolgar) itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yesayithi lesayithi. Ikheli: Tatarstan, isp. Ukusebenza. Bonke abantu bangawavakashela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi baboniswa yini ngokwenkolo.

Ukwakhiwa kweMosque White

I-White Mosque (iTatarstan) isampula yenkambiso ekhethekile edolobheni lasendulo. Uma sibheke lesi sakhiwo esihle kakhulu nesomoya, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi umuzi wombuso omkhulu ubukeka kanjani. Umsikashika wakhiwe ngokusho komsebenzi womklami uSergey Shakurov, owake wafunda izikhumbuzo ezinhle zamaSulumane zamazwe ahlukene.

Ukwakhiwa kwalezi zinkimbinkimbi kwaqala ngo-2010 futhi kwaba omunye wemiklamo yokuvuselela idolobha lase-Bolgar lasendulo. Umklamo we-mosque owakhiwe kakade nezakhiwo ezungezile wathatha amathani angu-1200 emabulabhaka omhlophe, okwakunikeza ukubonakala okuqhakazile nokugqamile.

Incazelo

Ngenxa yalokho, i-White Mosque (Bolgar) yaba yinkimbinkimbi yangempela ehlanganisa ihholo lokuthandaza, ama-minarets amabili, i-madrasah kanye nokuhlala kwe-mufti ekhoneni elikhulu lomkhuleko. Emazansi kukhona i-arcade enhle nensimu yezithelo ezincane. Yonke into eyinkimbinkimbi, kanye namafu athambile phakathi nosuku nezinkanyezi ebusuku, ibonakala echibini elikhulu lokufakelwa emthonjeni, okwenza ukuba kufane nokufana ne-mausoleum edumile eTaj Mahal.

I-Minarets ifinyelela ku-46.6 m ubude obude, ububanzi be-dome enkulu yi-10 m, ukuphakama kwayo ngaphakathi kwe-mosque ngamamitha angu-17. Ngaphandle, isakhiwo sihlotshiswe ngama-arabesque, ama-tulips namanani we-geometri. Umdwebo wangaphakathi uqukethe izingcaphuno ezivela encwadini engcwele yamaSulumane.

Ngokuhlonipha ukuvulwa kweMosque entsha kanye nokuvuselelwa kwedolobha lasendulo, i-White Mosque (Bolgar) ithola njengesipho ikhophi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni iKoran, enesisindo esingu-800 kg. Ukuze uyilayishe, kuthatha abantu abangu-16, futhi ungayifaka kuphela ngokufaka amagilavu ezandla zakho.

Idolobha laseBolgar, i-White Mosque: indlela yokuthola

Namuhla, indlela yokuvakashela edolobheni laseBolgar iyaziwa. I-White Mosque ingafinyelelwa eMfuleni iVolga nge-tram ephuma echwebeni laseKazzan, noma ngemoto noma ngebhasi.

Okuthakazelisayo okufana nendawo yokuhlala yakudala - izinsalela ze-Bulgar, inhloko-dolobha yasendulo, kusukela ekhulwini lama-10 kuya ku-14.

I-mosque emhlophe ingumqhele womuzi, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lokhu akuyona nje isikhumbuzo sezakhiwo, kodwa isikhungo senkolo esisebenzayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina imithetho yendawo:

• Izicathulo kufanele zisuswe futhi zishiye emnyango, futhi izihlangu zifake izinyawo.
• Abesifazane kufanele bahlanganise amakhanda abo ngeshekeli bese bemboza amahlombe abo, uma bevulekile.
• Kwabesifazane, kukhona indawo ekhethekile yemithandazo ephezulu phezulu emasikini ngemuva kwesigxobo esiqoshiwe.

Ungalokothi uhlambalaze imizwa yamakholwa ngokuhlola nokuxoxisana nomsikathi ngesikhathi sokuthandaza. Kungcono ukuza kamuva bese ucabangela konke ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa noma ubani.