I-Kungur: izinto zokubuka nomlando

Engeningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Perm Krai yi-Kungur. Izinto ezikuleli dolobha zingamangaza ngisho nomhambi owaziwa kakhulu. Phela, kukhona inani elikhulu kokubili izinto zemvelo nezinto ezenziwe ngabantu ezifanele ukubona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula kakhulu ukuya e-Kungur, njengoba idolobha liwela imigwaqo emibili - i-Perm - Yekaterinburg ne-Perm - iSolikamsk, iSitimela saseTrans-Siberia kanye nomzila wesitimela.

Umlando we-Kungur

Usuku lwesisekelo lomuzi ngu-1648, futhi indawo yilapho umfula wengungka. Ngo-1662, ukuhlala kwabhujiswa ngenxa yokuhlubuka kweSeite, futhi ngo-1663 uTar Alexei Mikhailovich wayala ukuyibuyisela, kodwa kakade endaweni entsha, okuyilapho kutholakala khona imifula emibili - uSylva no-Irere.

Indawo elula yanikela ekutheni umuzi waba isikhungo sokuhweba nokuphatha esifundazweni, futhi emva kwesikhashana - isikhungo seProvinsi. Ekhulwini le-XIX lamaKungur kwakuyidolobha elikhulu lezentengiselwano, ngokungafanele lalibizwa ngokuthi "i-tea capital yaseMbusweni waseRussia". Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abathengisi abaningi behlala lapha, imali leyo engamakhemikhali e-Kungur eyakhiwe ngayo, okwenzeka namuhla njengabakhileyo kanye nezivakashi zomuzi. Lona ibandla, izindlu, nezikole, nezikole, namakamelo aphilayo, nokunye okuningi.

Amasonto e-Kungur

Kusukela isisekelo seKungur, bekuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi iyisisekelo somkhuba wama-Orthodox esifundeni se-Kama. Ugcine lesi simo namuhla. Manje amasonto ama-Orthodox (Nikolskaya, Preobrazhenskaya, Tikhvinskaya noVsekhsvyatskaya) anengxenye ye-Kungur ensimini yawo. Ukubukeka kule ndawo kuyoba nesithakazelo kuzo zonke izinkolelo zenkolo kanye nabachwepheshe bezakhiwo.

Isonto laseThikhvin lakhiwa ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye ngesindlela se-voivode Yu.A. Matyunin. Ithempeli liyisakhiwo se-baroque esakhiwe ngamatshe amahlanu. I-chetverik ne-entablature yamagqabha amabhanti ahlotshiswe nge-cornice ene-bug "frieze". Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, isonto lakhiwa kabusha ngenxa yeminikelo ka-Alexander Gubkin, owayengumthengisi wetiya waseRussia. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 ibandla laseThikhvin laguqulwa libe yi-cinema "Okthoba", kodwa namuhla isonto liyasebenza, futhi amaKristu angama-Orthodox angathandaza kuwo, indawo yokuhlala okungukuthi i-Kungur.

Ukubukwa kwedolobha kufaka phakathi iSiguquko soSonto. Yona kuphela indawo engcwele endaweni yesifundazwe, ekhishwa "obhapathiziwe" oyisihloko esisodwa. Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kwakuyisikhathi esukela ngo-1768 kuya ku-1782, kubika u-IM Khlebnikov, owashona ngo-1774, evikela leli dolobha emabutho asePugachev. Okwamanje ithempeli lisebenza ngokugcwele.

Amagumbi okuhlala edolobheni

Idolobha lezohwebo kanye nomthengisi - lesi simo sinikezwe i-Kungur isikhathi eside. Izinto ezingabonwa namuhla ensimini yayo, ziqinisekisa lokhu. Kuqondene namakamelo aphilayo edolobheni. E-Cathedral Square kukhona isakhiwo esakhiwa ngo-1865-1876. Imelelwa ngesimo se-polygon evaliwe, egcwala imigqa yokuhweba eceleni komjikelezo. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kubonisa isitayela se-classicism ngokuthinta u-eclecticism. Ngaphandle kwegceke lezihambi kukhona igumbi elimboziwe, futhi ngaphakathi kwebala lokudlala, lapho abantu bavame ukuhamba khona, abangaboniswa yi-Kungur ngezizathu ezithile.

Ukuvakasha komuzi nakho kufaka iNkantolo eNcane yezivakashi, eyakhiwa ngo-1872-1874 ngesitayela se-eclecticism ngezingxenye zesitayela esidala saseRussia nama-motif aseMpumalanga. Manje isakhiwo sakha iMyuziyamu yomlando womthengisi.

Izikhungo zasendulo zemfundo zedolobha

Ukucabangela izinto ze-Kungur (esifundeni seVir) umuntu akanakuzibheka izikhungo zayo zemfundo, ezakhiwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1878 umthengisi AS Gubkin wakha isikole sase-Elizabethan needlework. Isikhungo umdayisi owakhiwe ngenkumbulo yendodakazi yakhe u-Elizabeth, owashona kakhulu. Isikole senzelwe imfundo nokukhuliswa kwezintandane. Kusukela ngo-1926, lesi sakhiwo kwakuyisikole sokufundisa, futhi manje - ekolishi lobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, ukuphathwa nokuklama.

Ngo-1877 isikole lobuchwepheshe sabonakala edolobheni, isakhiwo esasihlomile ngazo zonke izaziso kanye nokuhleleka kwaleso sikhathi - ama-ovini ase-Dutch, ama-ventilation system, njll. Isikole safunda i-physics, i-mathematics, iteknoloji, imakhemikhali, ukudweba, futhi yakhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene, phakathi kwayo Amathuluzi omshini, ama-drill nokuningi okuningi. Manje kukhona ikolishi yokuthutha izithuthi, kodwa futhi kuyathakazelisa izivakashi, njengoba isakhiwo saso sibandakanya ohlwini lwazo izinto ze-Kungur. Izithombe zesikhungo semfundo zingabonakala ngezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivakashi zedolobha kufanele zibuke ezikoleni ezine zonyaka futhi zangempela.

Amanxusa nezindlu zaseKungur

Kwaphela iminyaka engamakhulu amaningana, abathengisi abaningi babehlala ensimini yedolobha laseKungur. Ukuvakasha kwalesi sizathu manje kufaka inani elikhulu lezizinda nezindawo ezihlukahlukene, okwathi ngesikhathi esifanele kwakhiwa yizi noma ezinye iziqu.

Ngakho-ke, ngo-1927 iSi Gubkin yalungiselela indawo enamapulangwe, iphiko, inqolobane, izitezi kanye nebhati lokugeza. Ngemva kokufa kukayise, indodana yakhe u-A. S. Gubkin ngawo-1860s no-70s yakha itshe elisha esakhiweni sendlu endala, engasabonakala namhlanje.

Ukuqaphela ngokukhethekile kufanele kulungiswe umthengisi u-E. Ya. Dubinin, ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuhlala endaweni eyaqala ngo-1883. Isakhiwo senziwe ngesitayela se-brick eclecticism. I-mezzanine ene-pediment yakhiwe phakathi nendlu, lesi siphetho sigcwaliswe ngebhokisi. Esiseduze yi-Tikhvin Church.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu okushiwo ngenhla, ukunakekelwa kukhokhwa ezindlini zika VA Shcherbakov, MI Gribushin, GK Kuznetsov, AP Chuloshnikov, NI Kovalev nabanye abathengisi abaningi ababehlala endaweni yaseKungur. Izindawo ezithakazelisayo zalolu hlelo zizobe zithakazelisa ngokukhethekile kubalandeli bomlando nabachwepheshe bokuzakhela.

Ubuhle bemvelo ye-Kungur

Kodwa-ke, izinto eziningi ezenziwe ngabantu nge-Kungur akuyona into kuphela edolobheni elicebileyo. Ensimini yayo nasezindaweni eziseduze kukhona ubuhle obuningi bemvelo - imifula, amachibi, amagquma. Kodwa ukunakekelwa okudinga kakhulu iCungur Ice Cave, okuyinto yokuqala eRussia, ifakwe abavakashi. Isayithi lemvelo lisezindaweni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yedolobha, e- Ice Mountain, ephakathi kwemifula i-Iren ne-Shakva.

Okwamanje, u-5.7 km emhumeni uhlolwe, kodwa umzila wokuvakasha ungu-1.5 km kuphela. Ngaphansi komhlaba kukhona amachibi angu-60 agcwele amanzi ahlanzekile e-crystal. Ngonyaka ngamunye abantu abangaba ngu-100 000 bavakashela emhumeni. Mhlawumbe, maduzane le nto izofakwa ohlwini lwefa le-UNESCO, ngoba lokhu kuxoxwa kakade.