I-Republic of Kazakhstan: izifunda kanye nezici zabo

I-Republic of Kazakhstan - omunye ethembisayo abasafufusa amazwe Asia Ephakathi. Itholakala ku enkabeni yaleli zwekazi futhi iyona enkulu kunazo zonke 9th emhlabeni by endaweni. Lena isimo elinomlando ecebile, namathafa olunothile, isiko ezithakazelisayo kanye nemithombo yemvelo ongashi. Uhlu izindawo Kazakhstan kanye nencazelo ngamunye wabo ingafundwa kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Izifunda Kazakhstan (kafushane)

Izwe siqukethe 5 izifunda, ngasinye sazo uhlukile ngendlela yalo.

1. West - endaweni ngobukhulu kuleli zwe. Kuhlanganisa izindawo ezine. Ubude labantu - ezingaphezu kuka-2.1 million abantu. Ngu ndawo, esifundeni ihlanganisa indawo cishe 730 sq. M. km.
2. North - esifundeni kwezomnotho main. Lihlala kabili njengoba abantu abaningi ukwedlula eNtshonalanga (abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-4.4.). It siqukethe ezindaweni ezine. Le ndawo esifundeni - ezingaphezu kuka-565 eziyinkulungwane sq M.. km.
3. South - isifunda nezolimo athuthukile kanye umkhakha. Ngu ndawo, kuba kancane wawungaphansi West (712 ayizinkulungwane. Sq. Km.). Kodwa ngokuya labantu, esifundeni uthatha indawo yokuqala - abantu abangaphezu kuka 6.3 million. It siqukethe ezindaweni ezine.
4. East - isifunda sakhiwe nesizinda esisodwa. Ihlanganisa indawo ayizinkulungwane 380 sq. M. km. Lihlala abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-2,7.
5. Central - kuyinqolobane namaminerali. It siqukethe kuphela endaweni eyodwa, esemgwaqweni endaweni sq kancane esingaphansi 320. M. km elinabantu abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-2.

enyakatho Kazakhstan

Ihlukaniswe yaba 4 ezindaweni: Kostanai, North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar, emngceleni ne Russia enyakatho, futhi Akmola, lapho dolobha ye-republic - Astana. Yena - kunazo zonke esifundeni. Kuyinto futhi idolobha elikhulu kunawo kuyinto maphakathi Kostanay, North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar futhi Akmola nesaseTomsk - Kostanai, Petropavlovsk, Pavlodar futhi Kokshetau, ngokulandelana.

North Kazakhstan akakwazi ngokuthi ephezulu amanzi, kanye nasezweni lonke. Lapha siphela 3 ezinkulu emifuleni Irtysh, Tobol futhi Ishim. On osebeni yokugcina iyinhloko-dolobha. Indawo encane maphakathi esifundeni kuhlala emahlathini kaphayini kanye amagquma. Nokho, endaweni eyinhloko kuhlala asemaqeleni flat: Kazakh izinkalo, West laseSiberia Plain futhi Turgai ithafa.

Northern Kazakhstan ubizwa ngokuthi "yisilulu sokusanhlamvu lonke izwe", ngoba lapha ngaphezu kwezinye izifunda, ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo. Kuyinto ecebile namaminerali. Lapha esikhiqiza lensimbi nelethusi ore, amalahle, igolide, bauxite, asbestos-limestone, asebenza ngebhethri isihlabathi, nokuningi. Futhi esifundeni athuthukile imishini, nokukhiqizwa petroleum.

Kazakhstan kuyinto ngokucijile sezulu yezwekazi enyakatho njengoba kwenza ngokhahlo ikakhulukazi. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, inezinhlobo cishe ingxenye yesine ka isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke, futhi zihlala eziningi izivakashi abafuna vakashela esiqiwini Naurzum namahotela Burabai futhi Bayanaul.

East Kazakhstan

Isifunda emelelwa East Kazakhstan esifundeni kanye nemingcele ne Russia nasenyakatho China ngasempumalanga. Idolobha elikhulu - maphakathi Ust-Kamenogorsk esifundeni nomuzi Semey.

Impumuzo kuyinto ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphandle emathafeni emaqeleni, abelwe Kalba yokhalo Saur-Tarbagatai futhi Altai Mountains. Nangu Belukha - intaba ephakeme ka-Altai. Ungase futhi uthole Ezimfundeni eziphakeme, amahlathi kanye ehlathini.

Kule ndawo ke bagxila cishe u-40% lamanzi imithombo yezwe. Umfula omkhulu kunayo iyona Irtysh esifundeni, okuyinto posted Bukhtarma, Ulbinskaya Shulbinskaya namandla amandla kagesi. Nokho, lokhu akulona nje esifundeni umfula. Ngaphezu Irtysh, kuphinde kufike emifuleni emikhulu ambalwa Ulba, Bukhtarma, Char, Kurchum, Narym, Uba. Futhi, kule ndawo kukhona imizimba omkhulu wamanzi ezifana Zaisan, Markakol, Alakol futhi Sasykkol. Ubude 1200 esifundeni emifuleni nasemachibini ezinkulu 18.

East Kazakhstan - esifundeni kakhulu ezimbonini yezwe. Izitoke lomthofu, igolide, isiliva, i-zinc, ithusi, titanium, magnesium, kanye nezinye izinsimbi eziningi are lingana CIS. Lesi sici emazweni anjenge-Kazakhstan. Izifunda kwamanye amazwe ungakwazi ngiziqhayise sokuchuma okunjalo okunamandla bakhululeke abezimboni zezimayini. Isebenzisa kuka 1,000 ukucutshungulwa amabhizinisi. Empumalanga, evuthiwe ezolimo Altay uju akhiqizwa East Kazakhstan esifundeni, kubhekwe ukuba ngomunye okungcono emhlabeni.

West Kazakhstan

Le ndawo itholakala e-Asia naseYurophu eMaphakathi neseMpumalanga, njengoba lapha kanye Ural futhi ugu olusenyakatho yoLwandle iCaspian liwumngcele phakathi izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba - Asia naseYurophu. Loku kuyehluka Western Kazakhstan. Izifunda zazo yakhiwa: Aktobe, West Kazakhstan, Mangistau futhi Atyrau. Esikhathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga ke elisemngceleni neRussia, futhi eningizimu - kanye Turkmenistan ne-Uzbekistan. Imizi ngobukhulu (zokuqondisa): Atyrau (Atyrau oblast.), Aktobe (Aktobe esifundeni.), Aktau (Mangistau esifundeni.) Futhi Uralsk (West Kazakhstan esifundeni.).

Entshonalanga, esifundeni inomngcele ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni - yoLwandle iCaspian kanye empumalanga - Aral Sea. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona zenzeka ezifana imifula emikhulu njenge Urals, iVolga, Emba. Ngokuya esifundeni impumuzo imelelwa emaqeleni flat, njengoba itholakala e-East European Plain. North iCaspian Sea ozungezayo we iCaspian ezisezansi, ogwini olusempumalanga yale nhlonhlo, futhi kukhona 2: Mangyshlak futhi Buzachi, okuyinto zize Ustyurt ithafa.

Ezindaweni Littoral isimo sezulu onomoya omnene, ngokuyinhloko kuyo leyo nsimu efanayo esifundeni - kuyinto ngokucijile ezwekazini. I kwabantu bakhona ephansi kakhulu kunalokho okwenzeka nakwezinye izici - abakhileyo 3.4 kuphela / km². Lona esifundeni isiKazakh-yezwe: abantu bomdabu lapha ¾ sabantu.

Western Kazakhstan - endaweni ngobukhulu igesi namafutha esikhiqiza yezwe. Nazi ezinye uwoyela negesi Amasimu ngobukhulu: Tengiz, Karachaganak futhi Kashagan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insimu iyakhiwa kahle embonini yokudoba yezwe Kazakhstan. Izifunda nezinye izindawo ezaziwayo kule ndawo yokudoba hhayi kahle kakhulu.

Central Kazakhstan

Isifunda imelelwa enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu kule ndawo ezweni - Karaganda, nesikhungo salo sokuphatha emzini Karaganda.

Impumuzo kuyinto ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: enyakatho - Kazakh izinkalo, eningizimu-mpumalanga - Lake Balkhash, eningizimu - emaqeleni kanye lulwimi ezingwadule, izintaba ezinkulu - Karkaraly, Kent, Ku, Ulytau. Lona endaweni ephansi amanzi. Isimo sezulu esomile kakhulu.

Central Kazakhstan noma Sary-Arka, njengoba ushayele nabakhileyo esifundeni - eyaziwa izimayini zamalahle. Lapha-ke ingenye ezifakwa ngobukhulu - the Karaganda amalahle umcengezi. Futhi esifundeni athuthukile imishini, imfuyo ukulima nelesimbi.

South Kazakhstan

Kuyinto esifundeni emaningi yezwe. Ufana imingcele Uzbekistan futhi Kyrgyzstan kuya eningizimu neChina, ebheke empumalanga. It sakhiwa zasendle: Zhambyl, South Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda futhi Almaty. Nansi isikhungo ngobukhulu e Kazakhstan - Almaty. Futhi ukuze emadolobheni amakhulu zihlanganisa Shymkent, Taldykorgan, Taraz futhi Kyzylorda. E Kyzylorda oblast kuyinto umuzi wokuqala futhi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni cosmodrome Baikonur.

kwemithombo yamanzi kwenza Ukuboshelwa efakwe - ikakhulukazi kanzulu eningizimu. Kukhona Zhetysu - Valley of Seven Rivers, noma Imifula Eziyisikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eningizimu lweChibi i-Issyk-Kul, futhi ukhuphuka amagquma Jungar Alatau namapaki eminingi kazwelonke, ezifana Aksu-Zhabagly. Umngcele China futhi Kyrgyzstan kuyinto Khan Tengri Peak - omunye iziqongo eziphakeme kunazo zonke ye-Nhan Shani. Kuyinto lezi ezikhangayo abavakashi Kazakhstan.

Izifunda le ngxenye yezwe, etholakala enyakatho e ingxenye enkulu siqukethe ezingwadule futhi emaqeleni, eningizimu ezweni elinothile ngaphezulu, ngakho kukhona ezolimo evuthiwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kuyasiza nasekubeni sibe sezulu onomoya omnene kakhulu ukwedlula kwamanye amasayithi.