I-maniac ye-Zodiac engenakulinganiswa. Umlando we-serial killer, obunikazi bakhe abangekho

Ngobusuku wesine kuya kwesihlanu kaJulayi 1969, ucingo lwenziwe esiteshini samaphoyisa edolobheni laseMelika laseVallejo. Izwi eliyisilisa lathi livele libulale abantu ababili. Umuntu ongaziwa wathi ukushona kukaDavid Faraday noBatty Lou Jensen, abatholwe befile ngonyaka odlule emgwaqweni wezwe, uyisandla sezandla zakhe.

Kusukela kulo mzuzu kwaqala uchungechunge lokubulala okubuhlungu, olwenziwe ngumuntu onamandla, omelelwe igama elithi Zodiac. Uthi unamacala angu-37 okubulala ku-akhawunti yakhe. Endabeni yombulali we-serial, ukwaziswa okuningi kwaqoqwa. Kukhona ngisho neminwe yeminwe nokurekhoda kwezwi, kodwa ukuziqhenya kwakhe kwangempela akuzange kusungulwe kuze kube manje.

Umbhalo wesandla sombulali

Amaphoyisa e-United States akwazi ukuphenya ngalezo zenzo zobugebengu, kodwa iziqephu eziningana eziqoshwe eCalifornia phakathi kukaDisemba 1968 no-Okthoba 1969, kanye nokubulawa kukaCherie Joe Bates ngo-1966, ziye zachazwa. Wonke amacala abelana ngesandla ngesandla:

1. Zonke izenzo zobugebengu zenziwa emgwaqweni, ezindaweni ezizimele, lapho abathandi bezitholakala khona ngokwesiko.
2. Izisulu zombulali zingabantu abasha.
3. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Zodiac maniac kusihlwa noma ebusuku.
4. Amaviki onke amaholide namaholide.
5. Ukuphanga noma izisusa zocansi akufakiwe.
6. Izikhali ezisetshenziswayo - amakhaza, umlilo, njll.
7. Zonke izisulu zasezimoto noma eduze nemoto yazo.
8. Izindawo lapho i-maniac Zodiac eqhutshwa khona, ngandlela-thile ixhunywe ngamanzi.
9. Umenzi wobugebengu unesithakazelo ekusakazweni, ngakho ubika ubuhlungu bakhe ezincwadini nasefonini.

Amaphoyisa aphenyisisa lezi zimo akholelwa ukuthi lo mbulali ufile ngesandla somunye isisulu esasiyena ohlakaniphile ngaphezu kwakhe, noma efile izidakamizwa, noma efihlwe ejele ngenxa yendaba ehluke kakhulu kunokubulala, ngoba ubugebengu obunjalo e-United States bujeziswa yisigwebo sokufa . Kunezinye izinguqulo.

Izisulu zokuqala ezisemthethweni

Ukubulawa kukaJensen noFaraday bekuwokuqala ecala le-Zodiac. Kwaye kwaba, njengoba bekusho, ukuwohloka kwepeni. Konke ubugebengu obulandelayo bomdabu womuntu, ngendlela ehlukile, buyiselana nokuqala. Lokhu kwaqashelwa kokubili ngamaphoyisa nabamemezeli bezindaba, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nabo baba yingxenye yeskripthi esabekayo ebhalwe yi-Zodiac.

UBetty Lou Jensen noDavid Faraday baqale ukuphola. Baye bazana isikhathi eside ngomngane ovamile, uSharon. Amantombazane afunda ekilasini elifanayo futhi abe abangane, njalo uDavid wayebaxosha ekhaya. Umlingani othandekayo uSharon wathanda isimo semfudumalo somfana nobungane bokuxhumana. UDavid wayengenamahloni okwedlulele, kodwa ekwazi ngokuqineka kwemibuso eyayibusa emndenini kaBetty, wayesaba ukuthi uzoyichitha.

Iqiniso liwukuthi udadewabo kaBetty omdala, uMelony, ngenxa yokukhulelwa okungahleliwe, washada kakhulu kakhulu. Umshado awuphumelelanga futhi ngokushesha waqhekeka. Ukuthi intombazane encane ayizange iphinde ibuyele emuva le nkinga edabukisayo yedade, abazali baqondisa imizamo yabo yokugcina indodakazi esifubeni somndeni isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa ukubiza kwemvelo ukumelana akusho lutho, futhi uBethty oneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala uthandana. Inhliziyo yakhe yanqotshwa ngumfundi wesikole esiphakeme eValleio. UBethele noDavid babehlala emadolobheni angomakhelwane. Ngokwesiko lendawo, ezikoleni zivame ukuhlela imincintiswano, amakhonsathi nemincintiswano, lapho kwakumenywa khona abafundi abavela ezifundeni eziseduze, futhi baseVallejo (lapho uDavide afunda khona), uHogane (lapho afundela iBetty) naseBenicia. Imigwaqo yaseMelika inhle kakhulu, wonke umuntu unemoto, noma ngisho embalwa, konke lokhu kusiza ukuxazulula ngokushesha inkinga ngamabanga.

UDavid, ubuhle nokuziqhenya kwalesi sikole, isibonelo sabaselula, umdlali wezemidlalo, umphefumulo wenkampani, iphupho eliyimfihlo lalabo bonke abancinci abaseValleio, uHogan noBenicia, banikela inhliziyo yakhe ku-saffemarka. Ama-Saffmers ase-US abizwe ngokuthi ama-sophomores noma abafundi abayishumi nanye amabanga emfundo ephakeme. Ngesikhathi seveli, uDavid wayeseneminyaka eyishumi nambili, okungukuthi, umfundi weshumi nambili, umfundi oqeqeshwe iziqu. Amalungiselelo akhe aphakanyisiwe ngaphezu kokuphila edolobheni labantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-20 000. Le nsizwa ihlele ukungena eyunivesithi, ithole imfundo ephakeme, ithole umsebenzi omuhle, ishade futhi isize umama akhulise abafowabo ababili nodadewabo abancane.

Inkathazo eyenzekayo nomlingani othandweni, yavuselela sonke isifunda. Ephephandabeni yendawo yafaka isimemezelo sokuqoqwa kwezimali zokuphenya nokubamba umenzi wobugebengu. I-intersection yemigwaqo emibili, kanye nendawo eyintandokazi yosuku oluyimfihlo yothando, imibhangqwana esemisha yaqala ukugwema, icabangela ukudabuka.

Ngobusuku obunzima, uDavid noBetty banquma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuhamba emihlanganweni elula emasimini ukuze kube nobuhlobo obukhulu nakakhulu. USharon wabeluleka ukuba baphume umhlalaphansi epaki elithi "Blue Rock Springs" noma baye enqabeni yaseSt. Catherine, kodwa abathandi bakhetha iLake Herman, ngokuqondile, ukugoba kwemigwaqo emibili - esiteshini sokumametha kanye nomzila weLaik Herman Road, obizwa ngokuthi "ikhoneni labathandi". UBetty utshele abazali bakhe ukuthi uya emcimbini wokucula ozinikezele uKhisimusi osondela. Kwakuyihora lesishiyagalolunye lapho uRambler wabo, obolekwe unina kaDavid, efaka umshado umbhangqwana ngosuku lothando. Ekuqaleni kwakukhona isidlo esitolo sokudlela esincane, futhi ngehora abantu abasha bebevele bembethe, behlezi ezihlalweni ezihleliwe zemoto.

Ukulandelana kwesikhathi sobugebengu nokuphenywa

Ufakazi wokuqala, owayehamba ngale ndlela, wabona izimoto ezimbili ezingenalutho, wabe esezwa umsindo ofana nesibhamu. I-Zodiac imise imoto yakhe eduze "ne-Rambler" ukuvimbela iminyango yezinhlangothi. Lapho kwakukhona izimoto emgwaqeni, wazama, ngakho abantu babezwa ukuthi kwakungekho muntu kuwo.

Abafakazi abalandelayo, uStella Borges oneminyaka engu-70 nendodakazi yakhe, ebizwa nge-Baby Behind Stella, badlulisela indawo yengozi ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho i-Zodiac maniac isanda kudlula endaweni yesehlakalo. Abesifazane babona izidumbu, ingilazi ephukile yemoto futhi ngesivinini esiphezulu bafika kude nombukiso owesabekayo. Ngesabisa, bafaka izibani zamakhanda kanye ne-buzzer, benethemba lokuziqhenya. Ekugcineni, babona leli phoyisa bamtshela konke.

Isignali yanikezwa uSergeant Bidu nomlingani wakhe uStephen Arment. Babeseduze "nekhoneni labathandi". Ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15, amaphoyisa asevele ehlola isimo sobugebengu. UDavid uhhafu-waxoshwa emotweni. Indandatho yesikole yayiboshwe esandleni sayo. Le nsizwa yayisaphefumula, kodwa yafa endleleni eya esibhedlela. Wabulawa ngesibhamu esisodwa ekhanda. Insimu kuphela yesikhombisi yayisemuva kwendlebe yesokunxele. UBetty wafa ngaphambi kokuba amaphoyisa afike. Walala kude. Le ntombazane yazama ukuphunyuka kulesi sigebengu, kodwa izibhamu ezinhlanu ngemuva zazimisa izinyathelo ezimbalwa emotweni. Izibhamu ezimbalwa zaziphukile ingilazi emotweni yabo kanye nophahla oluphukile.

I-version yehlaselwa ngenhloso yokuphanga yawa ngokushesha. Cishe, umlenze wokuqala wadubula u-Zodiac wenza ukuheha. Wabe esecela ukuthi amnike izinto ezibalulekile. Ngokusobala, wazama futhi wanquma indlela yokubhekana namadoda. Lapho beqala ukuziphendulela futhi bamshaya indandatho, wenza isibhamu sokuqala. UBetty wagijima emotweni, wayiqeda emgwaqweni.

UDetective Lundblad noRussell Butterbach babhekene necala lokuqhuba icala. Abazange baveze ukubulala, kodwa baqoqa izinto eziningi ezivumela osebenza nabo ukuba baqaphele kamuva ukubhala ngesandla kwesibebengu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngonyaka olandelayo, ngoJulayi 31, encwadini eya ephephandabeni iThe Times Herald, umbulali we-serial killer Zodiac uqinisekisile ukuthi unecala, uchaza indlela ayephatha ngayo abathandi bakhe futhi wabonisa uhlobo lwezinhlamvu zamabhasi. Lawa ayeyi-cartridges yombhamu - imininingwane ephawulekayo, futhi akekho omunye ngaphandle kwamaphoyisa awazi ngakho. Lokhu kwakungabhalwa emaphephandabeni.

UDarlene Ferrin noMichael Mague (Mazo)

Ukuhlaselwa kukaDarlene Ferrin noMichael Mague yilobugebengu bobubili i-Zodiac eyenziwa. Umbulali akakaze athathe isichazamazwi esivusa amadlingozi, kodwa usuvele useqalile ukuthatha izinyathelo ukuze adume futhi abonise ukungabi naso nokuzikhethela kwakhe.

Lesi sigameko senzeke ngoJulayi 4, 1969, lapho wonke umuzi ugubha usuku lwe-Independence. Ngaphambi kokubhonga kwezingubo zomlilo, akekho owake wazwa ukudubula kwamapistolitiki kusukela eBlue Rock Springs Park. Emahora angu-0010 i-Zodiac ibiza isiteshi samaphoyisa futhi ibika ukubulala, futhi yanezela ukuthi ubugebengu bonyaka odlule "ekhoneni labathandi", naye wenza.

Ngalesisikhathi izisulu zazinguDarlene oneminyaka engu-22 ubudala kanye nomthandi wakhe omncane uMichael Mague. Bahlala ku-Chevrolet kababa kaDarlin, lapho i-Zodiac yafika kubo. Lo mbulali wagijimela esiphethweni - lo wesilisa walimala nje. Izinhlamvu zamshaya ebusweni, entanyeni nasesifuba. Owesifazane wafa ngemva kwemizuzu engu-20 ngemuva kokushaya ucingo ku -ambulensi.

UDarlene washada nomshado wesibili kuDean Ferrin. Ngo-1968, lo mbhangqwana unendodakazi, nezinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi komcimbi odabukisayo umndeni uthenge indlu entsha. Kusukela esithombeni, uDarlene ukhumbuza kakhulu uBetty Lou Jensen. Cishe, ukufana kufana nokulingana okulula. Akukho okushiwo ukuthi i-maniac yayizingela abesifazane abafana nohlobo olufanayo. UMichael Mague akafani nanoma yisiphi isisulu. Ngosuku lwakhe noDarlene, wafika, edonsa ama-trousers amathathu, i-T-shirt, ihembe eliqinile ne-sweaters amathathu. Lo wesilisa wachazela amaphoyisa ukuthi wayekhathazekile kakhulu ngenxa yobumnandi bakhe ngakho wazama ukuzidela.

Ukuphinga uDarlene kwabangela umsindo omkhulu eVallejo. Ngemuva kwaloko, udadewabo oshonile, Pamela, ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi isihlobo sakhe sididekile uphenyo, kuphakamisa ukuthi umyeni kaDarlene wayebandakanyekile ekuhlaselweni kwabathandi. Ukuze akhiphe isisusa sokuphindiselela engxenyeni yomlingani okhohlisiwe, amaphoyisa ahlola i-alibi kaDean Ferrin. Ukuvunyelwana ngokungalungile kwahlulwa.

Izinhlamvu zokuqala

Ngokusobala, udumo lwe-killer lwe-Zodiac oludumile, ngoba ubugebengu bakhe abuzange bulandele izisusa zendabuko - inzuzo, ubulili noma impindiselo. Isifiso sokuba isihloko esiyinhloko sengxoxo phakathi kwabahlali bomuzi wonke, ukufunda ngaye ngokwakhe kumaphephandaba kwamphoqa ukuba aqale ukuxhumana nezintatheli. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, amaphephandaba amathathu wendawo, i-Waleo Times-Gerald, iSan Francisco Ukuhlola kanye neSan Francisco Chronicle, athola izincwadi ezivela e-Zodiac, ezazingxenye zombhalo owodwa, izikhalazo kanye nezincazelo eziphathelene nobugebengu obuchazwe ngenhla. Wathembisa ukuthi ngolwazi lwe-cryptograms mayelana nobuntu bakhe lubekwe ngekhodi, wafuna ukushicilela izincwadi emakhasini angaphambili, ngaphandle kwalokho wasongela ukubulala abantu abangu-12 kule mpelasonto. Yimiphi amakhodi we-Zodiac (umbulali) obhale ngemuva kwemibhalo yokuqala eveziwe, ayikwazanga ukusekwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kwakuyi-abracadabra elula ehlose ukushaya uphenyo endleleni noma ukubonisa ukuthi uhlakaniphile ukuthi ama-ciphers akhe awawona amazinyo omuntu.

Ukuxhumana namaphoyisa kanye nezintatheli kuyasungulwa

Ngo-Agasti 1, i-San Francisco Chronicle ephepheni lokugcina yashicilele isitatimende sikaJack Stills. Inhloko yomnyango wamaphoyisa edolobheni laseVallejo yaveza ukungabaza ngokuthi ngubani owenze ubugebengu futhi yacela umlobi we-cryptogram ukuthi anikeze ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngaye. Amanye amaphephandaba amabili aphinde ashicilele izincwadi nezinsimbi.

Impendulo encwadini yayiyincwadi entsha eya ehhovisi lokuhlela laseSan Francisco. Umenzi wobugebengu wabuzwa ngokuzwakalayo ukuzwa okubangelwa nguye kanye nokuthi amaphoyisa ahamba ngaye. Kwakule ncwadi ukuthi wasayina igama elithi Zodiac. I-pseudonym, ngokuyisisekelo yayo, imangalisa kakhulu, futhi akukho bugebengu nhlobo. Uphinde wathi ukucacisa i-cryptogram kuzokwethula imininingwane mayelana nedatha yakhe siqu.

Bonke baseNyakatho California bajoyina ekuqaliseni imiyalezo ebhaliwe. Abashadile I-Garden of Salinas yilabo abaqala ukuveza imibhalo yombulali. Babequkethe amaphutha amaningi egama. Bathi uqoqa izigqila ezizomkhonza esikhathini esilandelayo - lo muntu osobala wayehleka usulu. Akazange adalule noma iyiphi idatha ngaye, echaza lokhu ngokungafuni ukusiza uphenyo.

UBrian Hartnell noCecilia Ann Shepard

Ubugebengu obulandelayo bukhona ngoSepthemba 27, 1969. Abafundi beKholeji uCecilia Shepard noBrian Hartnell babesogwini lolwandle lwaseLake Beresa, lapho indoda iphuma emagqumeni ehlathini elimboze izingxenye ezingenhla nangaphansi kwekhanda lakhe. Emehlweni - izibuko zokubukwa, nasesifuba - into efana neprontiyini nephethini ngendlela yombuthano owenziwe ngesiphambano. Indoda eyimangalisa yathatha isibhamu esikhwameni sayo yamnika uCecily intambo, yamyala ukuba abophe uBrian. Ngaphandle kwalokho, wathembisa ukubulala kokubili. Le nsizwa yayithatha njengenhlaya, kodwa umfokazi wabonisa umagazini ogcwele we-cartridges. UCecilia wambopha umngane wakhe, kanti lo mfokazi wamphikisa. Wabe esethatha ummese omude washaya uBrian amacici ambalwa, wabe eseya kuye. Ngaphambi kokushiya, umbulali, uSodiac owaziwa ngegama lakhe, wathatha ipeni lokuzizwa elimnyama futhi wadonsela umbuthano emotweni yakhe, waphuma ngesiphambano, wabhala izinsuku zamacala amathathu aphambilini.

Ngemva kokwenza lokhu, wabiza iminyango yamaphoyisa watshela okwenzekile. Emaminithi ambalwa kamuva, izambatho zomsebenzi zathola indawo yomshini wocingo. Lapho amaphoyisa efika, i-tube yayisemanzi. Wayesinezinhlamvu zeminwe, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ayengasetshenziswa, ngoba ayengekho kwikhabhinethi yefayela.

Abalimele bathathwa esibhedlela. UBrian wasinda, futhi uCecilia wawela e-coma futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa wadlula.

UPaul Stein

Ukubulawa kukaPaul Stein, umshayeli wetekisi, kwenzeka eSan Francisco. Ubugebengu bunemfihlakalo engaphezu kwaleyo eyedlule. Uma umshayeli wetekisi etshele ukulawula ukuthi uthathe umgibeli futhi wabiza umzila, konke bekuyobe kulula, kodwa kwakuthiwa yi-left-in paddling. I-Zodiac yabulala uStein kanye noDavid Faraday, udutshulwa ekhanda ngemuva kwendlebe. OFakazi, abathathu abathathu, bambona ebeka ikhanda lakhe emadolweni akhe futhi enza okuthile ngomese. Kuthe-ke, wanquma isicu sehembe eligijimayo egazini, futhi abafana bacabanga ukuthi le nigger inqume ikhanda lomshayeli wetekisi. Ngokuba i-Negro, bathatha i-Zodiac ngenxa yemaski emnyama elele phezu kobuso. Amaphoyisa afika ngokushesha futhi ahlangana nomuntu omhlophe owabuzwa ukuthi ngabe wayengaboni yini i-nigger enezibhamu. Omunye, futhi lokhu kwakuyi-Zodiac ngokwakhe, wabakhombisa isiqondiso samanga. Kamuva, wabiza amaphoyisa wabe esehleka ubuwula balindi.

Ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva, ngo-Okthoba 14, 1969, kwafika incwadi ephephandabeni iKronikl. U-Zodiac wabhala ukuthi uhlela ukubulala izingane zesikole. Ukuze enze lokhu, ususa ibhasi lebhasi yesikole, bese eqala ukubulala izingane ezivela kulo. Ngakho-ke akungabazeki ngobuntu bakhe, wachaza kabanzi ngokufa kukaStein futhi wabeka ingxenyeni yeshembe lomuntu emvilophini.

Ngemva kwesonto i-Zodiac yabiza uMnyango wePolisi yase-Auckland futhi yathi ifuna ukubamba iqhaza kumbukiso we-TV kaJim Dunbar. Le studio kufanele ibe khona ngabameli abawaziwayo. Ngabo uzoqhuba ingxoxo yocingo. UMelville Bellay wavuma ukuza. Embukisweni ubizwa ngokuthi umuntu othiwa yi-Zodiac, futhi wanikeza igama lakhe langempela - uSam. Leli cingo lavela esibhedlela sengqondo, kanti uSam wayeyisiguli esingajwayelekile lutho nombulali we-serial.

Khona-ke ngoNovemba kule "Chronicle" kwafika izincwadi ezimbili ze-Zodiac. Kwesinye sazo kwakukhona enye i-cryptogram, kodwa yayingakaphenduli, futhi ngoDisemba 20 isolelesi sathumela ummeli kaBell ikhadi leKhisimusi kanye nengxenye yesibili yehembe likaPaul Stein.

Kathleen Jones

Ngesikhathi secala Ketlin Dzhons engu-20 ubudala. Yena eshayela imoto yakho siqu ukuze unina Petulamu. Kepha owesifazane lo wayengumGreki ku ngenyanga yesi-7 sokukhulelwa. Ndawonye naye ubeshayela indodakazi yakhe enezinyanga ezingu-10 ubudala. On ithrekhi endaweni Modesto, ke bafica lolu imoto ukuthi ukunikeza izimpawu bayayeka ukubuza. UKathleen balalela. Isignali ye umshayeli umshini wathi ilungelo isondo elingemuva e ukudiyazela wakhe, bacela ukusiza futhi inkinga ukulungiswa. Uma owesifazane mumbe waya ithrekhi, isondo sehla. Ngokushesha le ndoda yadonsa phezu wanikela iconsi asuke engasebenzi ngaso uphethiloli esiteshini esiseduze, lapho uzoba usizo ngempumelelo ngaphezulu. Baze badlulisa nezwi amagalaji ezimbalwa, kodwa lo muntu akazange ayeke. Wabe, ngokuvumelana Jones, yakhishwa ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo, kanye wathi uzobulala wakhe nengane. Owesifazane Waphuma imoto wagijima waya sehlozi otshanini obude. UKathleen kumuntu osonile ukuseshwa kodwa akawatholanga, sahamba.

Esiteshini samaphoyisa, lapho ngokushesha wacela, wayilengisa esiyela nomhlaseli uPawulu Stein. Wamkhumbuza njengoba umngane wabo. Izinkomba owesifazane ungaqiniseki, ngoba njalo udidekile futhi ushintshe ulwazi izimo ngalesi sigameko.

Cheri Dzho Beyts

Ukubulawa Cheri Dzho Beyts wathatha Zodiac, kodwa amaphoyisa bakungabaza ukunemba yalesi sitatimende. Indlela ka lowo okonile ezahlukene kakhulu kusukela wesandla we Zodiac.

Umbuzo wokuqala ukuhileleka ukufa kwentombazanyana ka uyindoda efanayo nokukhulunywa aphinga lokubulala okungenhla - usuku yobugebengu.

engu-Nesishiyagalombili ntombazane wafa Okthoba 1966. Wathi ukuthula kancane wezincwadi we ekolishi yakhe, futhi kusihlwa yaphuma ezindaweni eziwugwadule nge izindlu esishiywe dengwane. Cherry yaqale yashaywa yase egwazwe wabulawa a angababulali iDemo. Amanxeba babe ncamashi Umthambo carotid futhi amalaka, futhi Shepard futhi Hartnell Zodiac beat elingafani futhi akazange hit emphinjeni. Kungenzeka, le Maniac wathatha umthwalo ubugebengu angawenzanga yibo ukudida amaphoyisa.

Wavela lobu bugebengu Zodiac ukwenza izincwadi bathumela kubo uyise wentombi, ephephandabeni "Riverside Cindezela Enterprays" futhi Amaphoyisa uMnyango Riverside. Umbhalo wesandla olufana wesandla we Zodiac, kodwa enye yezincwadi zakhe yanyatheliswa emshinini, kanye nezinye kulotshiwe ngesandla. Confused wukuthi izincwadi bathunyelwa izinyanga eziyisithupha ngemva kokufa sentombazane. Akufani Zodiac - akakuthandanga ukulinda, futhi njalo athintane amaphoyisa ngokushesha ngemva kokubulawa.

Umlando zezinkanyezi - sombulali egcwele izimfihlo. Ezinye izintatheli baye basikisela ukuthi igama ezidumile umalugaju ephethe ubuntu ehluke ngokuphelele. Zonke icala elikhulu liba newsmen futhi enganele professional amaphoyisa owakhaphela ngolwazi oluningi kakhulu umphakathi.