I-machinator yiyiphi? 5 Ama-Great Machines of the 20th Century

Ubani onesihle kangaka? Lo ngumuntu othakazelisayo, umqambimanga nomqashi. Futhi kungani kuhle? Ngenxa yokuthi abanamakhono, ngoba ukubamba ukukhwabanisa okulula akulula kunokudlala i-virtuoso kunsimbi yomculo. Ukunakwa kwakho kunikezwa inqwaba yabantu abahlukumezayo, abangela isithakazelo sangempela. Lokho abakwenzayo, yiqiniso, kubi, kodwa ukuthi benza kanjani, kuhle.

Ukukhwabanisa okuthakazelisayo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abakwa-scammers kukhona izigebengu, labo abanamakhono abanamakhono abo namanje bayazizwa uma bengenandaba, okungenani ububele obuncane. Izinhlamvu ezinjalo ezingalungile zihlanganisa i-combinator enhle i-Ostap Bender, i-hero fiction. Kuyisibonelo sokuthi ukhona u-Odessite - Osip Benjaminovich Shore. Abaqedile abaqashi bezemidlalo abazovela e-gymnasium yendawo futhi banquma ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe enhloko-dolobha yaseNyakatho, kodwa kwenzeke ukuthi umfundi owake wehluleka, ngaphandle kwephoyinti ephaketheni lakhe, kwadingeka abuyele ezweni lakubo.

Lapha waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengomuntu othakazelisayo: wakhetha umsebenzi wakhe futhi wathatha umsebenzi ngokuphumelelayo. I-Shore ikwazi ukuvakashela umphathi omkhulu, umculi, umhloli womlilo hhayi nje kuphela. Ukuhlenga amakhono akhe, u-Osip usevele uthathe imisebenzi enzima kakhulu. Ngolunye usuku waze wanikeza inkulumo ekuzalweni kwezinkukhu ezintsha zezinkukhu, hhayi nje kuphela lokho, kodwa njengoprofesa ovelele! Kodwa, njengoba bekusho, kungakanani uketshezi olungapheli, ukuphela kuyoba njalo. Ngenxa yalokho, uShora wabanjwa futhi wabhaliswa ukuba abambisane nezinhlangano zomthetho. Ngo-1922, wathuthela eMoscow futhi wajwayelene noValentin Kataev, ngenxa yokuthi izwe lonke lafunda u-Ostap Bender onomthombo omuhle, oyisidingo esikhulu nesimemezelo.

Indodakazi yezigidi

Njengoba umlando ubonisiwe, ama-rascals amakhulu angeke abe ngamadoda kuphela. Lona uSanka oyingqayizivele - isandla segolide, nomuntu ohamba phambili eMoscow u-Olga von Stein, noMelika Elizabeth Bigley. Ngokuqondene nalezi zinsuku, ukuphila kwalona wesifazane kwakunesikhathi esifushane, kodwa kukhanya. Wasebenzisa kahle imisebenzi yakhe, washintsha amagama afana namagilavu futhi akazange aphule ama-dollar angama million angaphandle.

Ngo-22, ubanjwe isheke lokukhohlisa, ngakho wazenza sengathi uyisiphambeko, futhi wakhululwa ngaphambi kosuku olufanele. Ezwa iphunga lemali, u-Elizabeth wayengasakwazi ukuyeka. Uhamba esuka eCanada waya enyakatho yaseMelika yaseCleveland futhi uzama njengomqashi, unesikhathi sokusebenza njengomphathi wendlu yokugibela yabesifazane, eyayiyindawo yomphakathi. Omunye wezivakashi uyamthanda futhi ashade. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kungesizathu sokuhlukanisa nebhizinisi lakho ozithandayo?

Ukuba yingonyama yezwe, wabeka amanga mayelana nobuhlobo obunenkohliso nomninimali u-Andrew Carnegie futhi wakha isaziso sokuthenga okungenani izigidi ezimbili zamaRandi. Izindaba zasakazwa wonke umhlaba ngaso leso sikhathi, futhi wonke amabhange aphila ne-heiress yabo ecebile. Kwaphela iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili wayeyindodakazi yenkosikazi futhi wahlanza ngokunethezeka. Ekugcineni, ukukhwabanisa kwakungabonakali, futhi u-Elizabeth wayesemgodini. Emhlanganweni weza nobaba u-Andrew Carnegie, owayenomdla wokubheka "umzala" wakhe.

Umthengisi we-Eiffel Tower

I-machinator ngumuntu okwazi ukuthengisa iqhwa ku-Eskimo nolwandle kuya kumkhumbi. Esinye sezimo ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke futhi ezithandekayo zekhulu lama-20 kwakungokuthengiswa kwe-Eiffel Tower eParis, kabili. Ubani lo mhleli omkhulu? KwakunguVictor Lustig, owathi, njengabanye abanobugebengu be-virtuoso, uqale ibhizinisi lakhe kusukela ebusheni bakhe. Ngakho, eneminyaka engu-20 wakwazi ukuthengisa umshini wokukhohlisa wokunyathelisa imali yokukhohlisa. Ngemva kokuthuthela eMelika ngo-1920, wazinika isihloko se-Count, okuthiwa ukhulume ngezilimi ezingu-5, wakwazi ukuhola kahle futhi azithumele emphakathini, futhi ngenxa yalokho, yonke iminyango yayivulwe kuye. Kungamanga ukuthi uLustig waze wakwazi ukubamba u-Al Capone ngokwakhe.

Ukukhwabanisa okuthakazelisayo kunazo zonke kwakuwukudayiswa kombhoshongo odume kakhulu eParis. Ekulungiselelwe kahle, ekwakheni imibhalo edingekayo nokususa igumbi lehhotela elinethezeka, uVictor wamemezela ithenda ngokuthengwa okukhulu kwezinto ezincibilikisiwe futhi ngobuciko bahlukumeza bonke ababambiqhaza. Umnqobi wabeka imali eningi ekuthengeni umbhoshongo, futhi lapho ukukhwabanisa kuveziwe, umthumbi wayengasekho edolobheni. Leli qembu laphefumulela uLustig kakhulu kangangokuthi wanquma ukuphinda ukukhwabanisa, kodwa manje akakwazanga ukugwema isijeziso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-machinator enolwazi kangakanani, ngokuyinhloko isigebengu esingazithola esesejele. Ngakho kwenzeka. Ekugcineni, uVictor wayesejele elibizwa nge-Alcatraz.

Umkhohlisi omkhulu

Umkhwabanisi othakazelisayo nguFerdinand Demara, owayebizwa ngokuthi "umkhohlisi omkhulu". Njengomdlali wezobuchwepheshe, wazama ngalezo zisebenzi njengomakhi wezobunjiniyela, iphini lika-sheriff, isikhulu sejele. Ngenxa yamathalenta emvelo wokuzalwa kabusha, wakwazi ukuvakashela umonaki, isazi sezengqondo, ummeli, uthisha, usosayensi.

Ikhono lakhe leqiniso liboniswe ekudleni lapho adlala nodokotela, hhayi nje ochwepheshe, kodokotela ohlinzayo owaziwayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, wakwazi ukuqhuba imisebenzi eminingi ephumelelayo, okusindisa izimpilo zabagibeli emkhunjini wempi. Ngemva kokuchazwa, umlawuli wemikhumbi akazange ngisho afune ukusola umkhohlisi enkantolo, kodwa myekele ekhaya ngokuthula.

Ayikho

Mhlawumbe umhleli ovelele kakhulu uFrank Abignale, owaba udumo ngempela ngemuva kokukhululwa kwefilimu ethi "Catch Me Uma Ungakwazi." Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba esekhulile, lo mfana osemncane wazuza impilo yakhe ngokuhlakanipha kwakhe, wadonsa amasheke aqoshiwe. Kamuva wayehlanganyela emakhokheni amakhulu amakhulu.

Kwakuyi-schemer engalindelekile ngempela owayehlale ehamba phambili. UFrank washintsha kalula amagama namadokhumenti. Ngokumangalisa, wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi njengomshayeli wesibili wezindiza zomphakathi, ukusebenza njengodokotela nommeli. Wakwazi ukuzuza ifa emazweni ayishumi nambili futhi wabekwa ohlwini olufunwa ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ebanjwe eFrance, wathunyelwa e-United States futhi wayezophunyulwa inkululeko kuze kube iminyaka engu-12. Kodwa ngenxa yokubambisana ne-FBI, wakhululwa ngaphambi kwesimiso.

Lokhu kwenzeka ngokungajwayelekile, kodwa indaba enhle. Ubugebengu obudlule abuzange bumvimbele ukuba abe ngumndeni ojabulayo, enendlini enhle, ibhizinisi elinenzuzo kanye nenhlanhla esemthethweni. Ngemva kwesiphetho, uFrank wadala uhlelo lokuvikela ukukhwabanisa amabhange. Wakwazi ukuqondisa amandla akhe obugebengu emgwaqweni onokuthula, akukho lutho olungenziwa ngakho, umuntu onethalente unetono kukho konke!

Ekuphethweni

Ngakho-ke, "i-machinator", ngokusho kwesichazamazwi sika-Ozhegov, ngumuntu owenza ubuqili, imisebenzi yokukhwabanisa, ububanzi obungabonakali kulokhu kulesi sihloko. Igama linamazwibela amaningi: i-dodger, i-tycoon, i-stunt man, i-adventurer kanye ne-rascal. Wonke lawa magama asebenza kubo bonke abakhohlisi abakhulu, esakhulume ngakho kulesi sihloko.