I-leukemia enamandla yegazi: bangaki abaphilayo, izici zokwelapha kanye nokuxilongwa

I-leukemia iqala ukukhula ngokungasebenzi emasenini emnkantso wamathambo, okuphethwe ukuhlinzeka ngomzimba womuntu nge-immitumor immunity. Lokhu ukwephulwa kubhekene nemiphumela emibi. Ngamazwi alula, iseli elihlulekile bese lihlukaniswa libe yizinkulungwane ezifanayo ezisakaze emzimbeni wonke, ezithinta amaphaphu, izinso, inhliziyo, isibindi, izitho zamagciwane. Lona ukubonakaliswa kwegazi eliyingozi legazi.

Bangaki abahlala nesifo esinjalo, ungayeka ukuthuthukiswa kwayo, yini edingekayo ukwenza lokhu? Kunemibuzo eminingi kule ndaba, futhi kufanelekile ukuzama ukuthola impendulo kukho konke.

Ukuqapha kanye nezimpawu

Kuze kube manje, odokotela abazange bacacise izizathu eziqondile ezibangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-leukemia. Unyaka ngamunye, amacala angama-35 amasha kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-1 abhalisiwe. Isakhiwo salolu shintsho siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi sincike ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izici ezingase zithuthukise ukuvela kwayo, odokotela bangabonakala. Ngakho, ukuguqulwa kungavela ngenxa yokuthi:

• Imiphumela yemisebe eyanda;
• Sebenzisa emsebenzini wokulimala;
• Isikhathi esilandelayo;
• I-chemotherapy ende;
• Ukubhema;
• Izifo ze-Chromosomal;
• Amagciwane amakhulu (i-HIV, isibonelo);
• Izinhlayiya zamakhemikhali eziqukethe umoya noma ukudla.

Zonke lezi zici zingabangela ukuvuza kwegazi okunamandla. Kodwa bangaki abahlala nalesi sifo? Uma unake izimpawu ngesikhathi futhi ucele usizo, ungahlala isikhathi sakho. Isiguli kufanele sikhathazeke ngokubonakala kobuthakathaka obandayo, ukukhathala okusheshayo, izinguquko zokushisa komzimba okungalawuleki, ukujula ebusuku, ukushaya ikhanda njalo, ukulahlekelwa isisindo esinzima, isikhumba esilahlekile nokuntuleka kwesidlo. Izimpawu ezicacile zihlanganisa ukulimala njalo, ubuhlungu emathanjeni nasezihlangwini, isikhumba esomile ngombala we-icteric, ukuqhuma okuncane, ukubuka okungenabuthakathaka, ukuphulukisa okulimazayo, ukuvuthwa kwezinkinga nokuphefumula.

Isiguli sinesikhathi esingakanani?

Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomeke esiteji sesifo. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi esimweni sokuthola "i- blood acute leukemia ", zingaki iziguli eziphila, kunzima ukuphendula ngokungaqondile. Ngokwemvelo, kunezinhlobo ezingu-3 zalesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, ingozi encane ihlotshaniswa nengaphambili, futhi eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 ihlala nayo. Ngefomu lesibili, ukulinda impilo kuyoba iminyaka engaba ngu-5-8. Kodwa uma izinga lesingozi liphakeme, isikhathi sokuphila ngeke sidlule iminyaka emithathu.

Iqiniso liwukuthi uhlobo oluyingozi lwesifo luqhubeka ngokushesha kunesimo esingapheli. Kodwa namanje i-leukemia elula akuyona isinqumo. Uma ubona izinguquko emzimbeni ngesikhathi futhi ufune usizo.

Amacala amakhulu

Ngendlela ehlukumeziwe kakhulu yesifo esinjenge-leukemia esilula, isikhathi sokuphila singaphansi. Umuntu uneminyaka emithathu ashiywe, akasasekho. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, lezo zimo azivamile. Ngokujwayelekile iziguli zesigaba esinzima ngabantu asebekhulile. Okungukuthi, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-70 noma labo abanokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo emangqamuzaneni.

Kukhona isikhathi esincane kakhulu esisele kubantu abanamanye amagciwane. Kanti futhi ezigulini ezinezinga eliphuthumayo lokuqhuma amaseli. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kunconywa ukuthi kuhlanganiswe ukwelapha okubuyiselwayo okuvamile, i-chemotherapy kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo yokwandisa ukuphila.

Izinkinga

Noma kunjalo, umuntu akakwazi ukuphika ukuthi kunezimo lapho umuthi ongenamandla. Ukubikezelwa kuyadumazeka, uma emzimbeni womuntu, kanye nokutheleleka, kunabantu abafayo. Ziyamelana ngisho nezidakamizwa ezinamandla kunazo zonke zokulwa namagciwane. Kunezimo lapho umzimba womuntu ubuthakathaka kangangokuthi ukulahlekelwa yisifo sokuzivikela kungahambisani nokuphila kwakhe.

Uma isiguli sesitholwe ukuthi sinesifo se-leukemia esingakaze sichazwe ngaphambilini emithi, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi akukho lutho oluzokwenziwa. Ayiphenduli emisebeni yesikhumba noma ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali. Ukukhululwa kulesi simo akufinyeleleki, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, ukufakelwa kwe-bone lomnyoba akunakwenzeka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphuma kwegazi ngokungazelelwe kanye ne-aneurysms efihliwe ingqondo kungaholela ekufeni. Futhi, umphumela obulalayo ungenzeka uma umuntu ebambe inkinga yokutheleleka nokuzivikela okubuthakathaka.

Ukubuyisela

Kodwa ukuphulukiswa nakho kuyiqiniso, futhi ngeke nje ujabule. Uma ukholwa izibalo, amathuba okuthola ngokugcwele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi ngokuvamile ahluka kusuka ku-50% kubantu abadala kuze kube ngu-95% ezinganeni. Nge-transplantation ephumelelayo ye-stem cell, ukwelashwa kwenzeka kuma-60% wamacala.

Ngokuvamile, izibalo zingasho okuningi mayelana ne-acute leukemia yegazi. Bangaki abahlala nalesi sifo? Uma isiteleka sokuqhuma kwenzeka, kwenzeka lapho lesi sifo sidlula esimweni esingapheli, isikhathi sokuphila sinciphisa izinyanga ezingu-6-12. Umphumela we-Lethal ezimweni ezinjalo zivela ezinkingeni.

Ukukhuluma ukuthi bangaki, ngokusho kwezibalo, abantu abane-leukemia bahlala, omunye akanakuhluleka ukuphawula okukodwa okubalulekile. Amathuba omphumela obulalayo angama-90% uma lesi sifo singelashwa. Futhi abantu abane-acute lymphoblastic leukemia abaqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi futhi balandela izincomo zodokotela bahlehliswa ngamacala angu-85-95%.

Isifo esibi kakhulu yisimo sayo se-myeloblastic. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inani labantu abayilula liyi-40-50%. Ukusetshenziswa kwe- stem cell transplantation kungandisa leli phesenti libe ngu-55-60%.

Izifo

Kunezindlela ezintathu zokuthola ukuthi i- leukemia elula (i-leukemia, umdlavuza wegazi). Zingaki iziguli ezihlala kamuva, zixhomeke ekusunguleni ukuhlonza okufanelekayo nokukhomba izici zenkambo yesifo.

Indlela elula ukunikeza igazi ukuhlaziywa jikelele. Ngendlela, ngokuvamile ukugula kuyatholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuvimbela. Ukunciphisa izinga le-hemoglobin, isibalo seplatelet kanye nokubala okwesibalo segazi elimhlophe ngeke kwenzeke kodwa kubangele ukusola kudokotela.

Indlela yesibili icacile. Kusho ukufisa umthambo wethambo. Udokotela ususa amaseli avela kuso ukuze atadishe ngaphansi kwe-microscope ebhokisatri. Ungafinyelela emnkantsheni wamathambo kuphela ngokushaya i-layer yangaphandle yethambo nge-sindle ekhethekile. Ngokuvamile, i-anesthesia isetshenziswa.

Futhi okwesithathu kubizwa ngokuthi i-bone marrow biopsy. Uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngoba udokotela uthola ingxenye encane yethambo kanye nomnyofu wethambo.

Indlela yokuthola kabusha

Ukwelashwa kufaka izigaba ezintathu. Owokuqala ubonisa ukwelashwa okunamandla kokuphazamiseka kwegazi lomnkantsha wamathambo. I-Chemotherapy isiza ukuqeda ukuqhuma kwamangqamuzana. Yiqiniso, i-cytostatics ayilondekile, kodwa ayikathuthukisi enye into.

Bese kulandela ukuhlanganiswa kokuxolelwa, okuhlala izinyanga eziyisithupha. Isiguli sinqubo enqunyiwe kanye nezidakamizwa ezihloswe ukuvimbela ukwanda kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, okungeke kutholakale ngesikhathi samakhemikhali. Isigaba sokugcina sihilela ukwelashwa okusekelayo.

Ukwelashwa okufanele kungakwandisa ukuphila. Kunabantu abambalwa abangeke baphule ngisho nokugula okunzima njengokuthi igazi eliyingozi kakhulu legazi. Bangaki abahlala khona, ukubuyekezwa odokotela neziguli ngeke kubasize ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi kungabonakali, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nalesi sifo kufanelekile ukulwa ngaphandle kokuyeka. Khona-ke umdlavuza uzodlula.