I komhlaba okwadala umonakalo e-California - ngemiphumela

Humanity, omncane mayelana eyaziwa isakhiwo umhlaba. I kungenzeki ngaphezulu ukulawula eziningi izinqubo zayo zangaphakathi. Ukuze izenzakalo ezinjalo zihlanganisa ukuzamazama komhlaba, okuyinto ezimboze indawo eqondile komhlaba basenza amanxiwa ngemizuzwana.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba ngobukhulu e-California

Omunye ukuzamazama komhlaba ngobukhulu iphutha eCalifornia (USA). Lokhu akwenzekanga iminyaka engu-25. Insimu bekulokhu kuncike ekushintshashintsheni amaphuzu 6. Kwathi 24.08.2014 03,20 ekuseni nesikhathi sendawo. Kwakuthinta ngalesi sikhathi-San Francisco izakhamuzi eziningi ziye wazizwa ukuzamazama kokuqala.

Naphezu kokucekelwa phansi eside phakathi izakhiwo kanye nezokuxhumana, lakwazi ukugwema abalimala. Nakuba abantu abangaba ngu-80 Namanje ngisenenkinga.

ukugwema Ngakho eziningi izisulu?

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inani izisulu incane ngenxa ohlelweni ekhethekile ukuphepha, obadalwa njengoba isilingo California. Ingqikithi yalo iwukuba ukuvimbela labantu sehlelwe inhlekelele kungenzeka. Ukuzamazama komhlaba e-California (2014) luveza ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza. Ingane yabikwa mayelana esishaqisayo oluzayo angu-10.

Akwaziwa hlobo Los Angeles Times wabhala ngayo, ukuthi "labo imizuzwana embalwa, ungase ukwazi konke kodwa ziwa embhedeni." Ngezindlela eziningi baqinisile, kodwa umsebenzi kunzima ukuhlinzeka uhlelo ezifana zonke izakhamuzi isimo futhi uyishintshe ukuze kube yisixwayiso sitholwa amasekhondi 50 ngaphambi yinhlekelele ethile.

Uhlelo lusebenza ngosizo seismographs, okuyinto umlando ukuzamazama lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona. Bayakwazi ukuzizwa push futhi owokuqala zithumela umlayezo kubantu ngsivinini ngawo kuziwa ngaphambi kokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngakho, abantu bazokwazi sokulungiselela inhlekelele.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba e-California luye lwabonisa kwabuye fragility kwezakhiwo womuntu. Nakuba isimo sokulindela okuhle ingeza Wakhutshwa alamu ohlelweni. Yiqiniso, imizuzwana 10 akwanele kuhlengwe, kodwa intuthuko akemi namanje. Esikhathini esizayo, ngisho imizuzwana 50 angasindisa izimpilo eziningi.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba e-California akuyena kuphela emlandweni esifundeni ne-United States iyonke. Eminyakeni yamuva, lesi isimo uyekile abe ngumholi kunombolo uthuthumele.

Oklahoma - umholi omusha e inani lezinhlekelele e-US

Izakhamuzi eziningi zalesi simo kwaze kwaba yilapho 2008 nakancane mayelana lokho komhlaba e-United States. Ayekude lezi zinkinga. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva nje kule ndawo eqoshiwe 240 Ukundindizela ezidlula kuze 4 amaphuzu.

Izazi eziningi ziyavuma ukuthi leli kungenxa isizinda oluthambile igesi. Of umbono ofanayo, uProfesa at Columbia University, Dzheffri Abers. Uthi zone ingozi cishe 2,000 km² we Oklahoma. State eminyakeni embalwa isibe ezithandwa ukuzamazama komhlaba kakhulu US indawo.

Imbangela enkulu ibizwa ngokuthi isizinda oluthambile -indlela aphuke wokubacindezela. It itholakala lokuthi inani elincane lamanzi ngamakhemikhali ngaphansi kwengcindezi omkhulu injected zokwakheka oluthambile. Ngakho, uwoyela ombiwa phansi sesikhululiwe. Njengoba kufakazelwa ososayensi eCornell University, leso senzo ezinjalo zingadala komhlaba e-US nakwamanye amazwe endaweni engaba 40 km kusuka indawo imisebenzi yezimayini.

Omasipala emadolobheni amaningi ase-United States iyakwenqabela isizinda izinkampani uwoyela negesi ukukhiqiza ngale ndlela. Kuleli zwe, ngaphezu izinhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu, ngakho ayikho into ukwesaba lokho ukukhumbula.

Lapho Melika sasiqhaqhazela isikhathi eside?

Ukuzamazama komhlaba e-California ngo-2014 wayengekho omkhulu kunabo bonke emlandweni esifundeni. Okuningi ngaphambili, ngo-December 1811, yaqala ukuhamba umhlaba, okuyinto saphela kuphela ngoMashi 1812. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakusondela igagasi lokushisekela ukuzamazama kuye kwaba nezinguquko eziningi kule sezwe.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba nemiphumela:

• umhlaba ngabanye-6 ubude;
• washintsha phezu koMfula Mississippi;
• , Amachibi ezintsha, ezifana St Francis;
• ukubulala abantu ngobuningi.

Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi phakathi kuka-3 no-5 Ukundindizela babe sezingeni ezingaphezu kuka 8 amaphuzu. Inani eliqondile izisulu akasoze ukwaziwa, ngoba nemizana bekulokhu kungekho imibhalo okunzima.

Kwembedumehlwana enkulu e-San Francisco

Ukuzamazama komhlaba e-United States ngo-1906 kwaba sifushane. Kwathi ngo-April 18 futhi yathatha imizuzwana 75 kuphela, kodwa ilethe abalimala nasekubhujisweni.

Imiphumela yokuzamazama komhlaba:

1. Kubhekwe abulale abantu abangaphezu kuka-700.
2. Acotshodiswa njengoba izakhiwo ezintsha, ezifana nomasipala kanye nezindlu agugile.
3. Sonoma iwayini inkampani wajeziswa ngenxa yokuchithwa ingqikithi iwayini lakho esitolo.
4. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaqubuka umlilo zasha mayelana 12 amakhilomitha square. Izinkampani eziningi umshwalense ikhokhwe isinxephezelo umonakalo bahlupheka ngenxa waya ukuphelelwa yimali.
5. It labhujiswa ngokuphelele amanzi ethangini idolobha kanye isitoreji gas.

Amandla wagxila balinganiselwa ku 8.3 amaphuzu. Lokhu kwadala umonakalo kuwo umuzi $ 500 million. Amakhulu izimpilo amangalelwe ukusikinyeka kwephasi.

Ukuzamazama komhlaba eziqine emlandweni

Lutho neze ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-California kungafaniswa nalokho okwenzeka ngo-August 1950 e-India. Kwasekusithi empumalanga yezwe, esifundazweni sase-Assam. Ukundindizela wawunamandla kangangokuba imishini ekhethekile wayengakwazi sizilungise. I izinzwa Azidalwanga izinkomba ezinjalo.

Lapho ema, ochwepheshe ngokusemthethweni yaklonyeliswa ukushaqeka amandla ezidlula 9 amaphuzu. Nenhlekelele ulilethele ukulahlekelwa omkhulu nasekubhujisweni. Kwakukhona abalimala. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa izinsuku ezinhlanu. Ngenxa uthuthumele nokunwetshiwe kwamiswa amaphutha kakhulu, abantu kweso balahlekelwa amakhaya hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nemiphefumulo yabo. Kusukela izimbotshana akhiwa obukhulu umusi ashisayo.

I umonakalo wokuzamazama komhlaba esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kwaba $ 25 million. Ngaphezu kwathinteka abantu, abesabekayo kakhulu kwaba ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe ingqalasizinda. Bona baqothulwa amadamu, dikes nemigwaqo. Konke lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba uquqaba nezinye izinkinga, kuhlanganise nzima lo search and khulula abasindé.

Izakhamuzi eziningi kwakungasekho okunye kodwa ukubalekela izihlahla. Amaphephandaba echazwe inamba yezimo ezinjalo. Izici ukugqamisa omunye wabo, lapho owesifazane othile ukuba azale ingane phezu kwesihlahla.

Lapho unyakazisa, ngempela?

Waves ukushaqeka ngo-August 15 safinyelela Melika. Isisetshenziswa USA eqoshiwe kubo ekhaya. Abacwaningi baye basikisela ukuthi zivela iziqhingi Japanese. Kukhona yena, futhi baloba ukusebenza efanayo futhi nganquma ukuthi yinhlekelele ethile embozwe US.

Akekho kubo ngisho ekuqaleni ukuthi la magagasi kukhona Echoes lokuzamazama komhlaba e-India. Amandla akhe liye lasakazekela bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli Earth.

Sekuyisikhathi eside India kwaba sesimweni engazinzile we ungqimba lomhlaba. Yingakho kukhona kwenzeke ukuzamazama komhlaba nezikhukhula. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19 e-India kakade iphutha cataclysms enjalo ezidlula ephakeme kunaleyo 8 amaphuzu.

Kungani kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba?

Ukuze abale kusengaphambili izindawo lapho kuyoba Isakhiwo sazamazama, ukugwema eziningi ziba izisulu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani kwenzeka. Ososayensi abazi ngokugcwele kanjani futhi kungani kukhona izinhlekelele eziningi. Isihlobo ukuze ukuzamazama komhlaba okuningi okunomthelela kukhona izinguqulo eziningana.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu lokuzamazama komhlaba:

1. Dips ophahleni kwakhiwa izimbotshana ngomshoshaphansi. Lezi uthuthumele abe endaweni encane Ukusabalala, Nokho, zibangele okuningi umonakalo. Ngezizathu ezifanayo akunakubangelwa izinto ezenziwa abantu, okungukuthi vykachku uwoyela negesi emhlabathini.
2. mlilo ngokuvamile ehambisana nobutha uzamazama. Lokhu kuthiwa kubangelwa okungazelelwe underpressure amagesi buthelela le ntaba-mlilo siteshi. Ngemva lava kuqhuma ingaphinda kwakhiwa kakade voids eshiwo ngenhla.

3. ukuzamazama komhlaba Tectonic emhlabeni ezibhekwa kube buhlungu kunazo zonke. Zihlotshaniswa ezihambayo ezisekelweni kanye waphuka e zokwakheka egwadle ka ungqimba lomhlaba. Isibonelo yesehlakalo eCalifornia. Bonke abahlangene nge iphutha San Anderas. Lokho kanye njalo elakhiwe amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba ukuthi, ngokuya ngesivinini, ukuletha umonakalo kancane noma ngaphezulu abalulekile kule isimo.

Ingabe kunendlela ukubikezela sehlelwe inhlekelele?

Ikhono lokwenza ukubikezelwa efanele lokuzamazama komhlaba kuyinto umsebenzi oyinhloko ososayensi-izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba. Izinkulungwane iziteshi ezisebenza kuwo wonke umhlaba kulandela ezinyakazayo sangaphakathi umhlaba, okuyinto Akupheli.

Ukuze ukubikezela bavame ukusebenzisa ulwazi ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba futhi kubangela ekwandeni imifantu ku ungqimba lomhlaba. Bona kwenzeke ezindaweni amaphutha. Yingakho kokuma kanye izilinganiso abazenzi kwi izindawo ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba yingozi. Ukupheliswa izinqubo zangaphakathi Zomhlaba - kuyinto awokuthi kangangokuthi zingasuswa ukuzamazama komhlaba kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha.

Ososayensi ukudala ikhadi ekhethekile, elibonisa ulwazi mayelana foci komhlaba, umfutho wabo, imvamisa. Ukubikezela wenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu.

Izigaba ukudalwa isibikezelo:

1. Ukukhomba esishintshashintshayo ukugadlwa ukuzamazama komhlaba esiyingozi iminyaka 10-15.
2. Isibikezelo esimaphakathi iminyaka 1-5.
3. Esifushane ukubikezela nge awokuthi inhlekelele endaweni.

Yini ebangela umhlahlo eyiphutha?

Njengoba usuyitadishile izimbangela komhlaba, ososayensi abakwazi ukwenza izibikezelo - ukubikezela kubo. isibikezelo kwaba umxhwele kakhulu eChina ngo-1975. Idolobhana wayexwayisiwe yokukhathazeka jikelele e 14.00, futhi Ukundindizela kwaqala ngesikhathi 19,36. Naphezu ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalesi sigodi, izisulu cishe wayengekho. Ubukhulu safinyelela 7 amaphuzu.

Nokho, uma kwenzeka i-ososayensi nokuhluleka eziletha ukulahlekelwa impela ngokwezimali. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngaphezu kuhlengwe labantu, kubalulekile ukuba ayeke umsebenzi wamabhizinisi zezimboni, nqamula yonke imithombo yamandla.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko izinhlekelele seismology ukubikezela ingakasombululeki. Nokho, ukusebenza le nkinga olwenziwa ngokuletha imiphumela.