High-liphumele izakhiwo. Namabhilidi eMoscow emhlabeni

Namuhla, akukho muntu uzomangala esinezitezi multi-, kodwa ambalwa eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, ngisho umqondo wokwakha amakhaya ukuthi ukuphakama kwakubonakala sobunjiniyela. Namuhla, izwe ncintisana inani namabhilidi nobuhle babo. Buildings baragela phambili ukwakha, kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo phansi futhi sibe nzima izibalo.

Umlando ka namabhilidi

Multi-storey izakhiwo aziwa abantu isikhathi eside. Kodwa isakhiwo sokuqala, okuthiwa i-phezulu Yakhiwa esanda kutholakala - kuphela 1885 e-Chicago. Kuyaxaka ukuthi, kodwa-ke ukuze owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo, okuyinto kwaba izibuya 10 kuphela, nazi ezinye ezimbili eyavela kamuva. Ngakho, ukuphakama isamba phezulu kwekhulu XIX kwaba amamitha nje kuka-50.

Ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa ngcono ezobuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa ekugcineni isuswe inkinga zezakhiwo omkhulu, ngoba ngohlaka lwensimbi bavunyelwe lukhuni odongeni, kuyilapho ekunciphiseni isisindo jikelele ngokuphindwe kathathu. Inkinga ngoba enjalo ephakamisa ukuphakama ixazululiwe ngemva kokusungulwa zommbila kagesi.

Cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo lokuqala phakathi abakhi waphenduka umzabalazo ozimisele ubukhosi. acute Ikakhulukazi nguye lapho ncintisana each nye namabhilidi zaseNew York ku 20s of XX leminyaka. Eminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-30 ngemva ukwethulwa zokuqala zokwakha ephezulu liphumele imibhoshongo ephakeme yakhiwa kuleli imitha 241. Kuyo yonke le minyaka 17 ezayo, akekho ayengakwazi ukuphula kuleli rekhodi, bese wabanjwa igunya we-Chrysler Isakhiwo futhi uphawu 320 we Spire. Kodwa esingaphansi konyaka (1931) isakhiwo wavulwa, kamuva waba uphawu lokuhlala zonke namabhilidi. Kwakuwusuku Empire State Building, anqoba ngayo okuvimbelayo 100 izibuya. Yakhiwa ngesikhathi irekhodi, kancane isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Okwesikhathi esithile umzabalazo kwadamba kuzo '70 kukhuphukele emakhaleni ami futhi. Palm abamba izakhiwo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba, kodwa akekho oye wakwazi uyibambe isikhathi eside. Namuhla kungokwalabo ekwakheni Burj Khalifa, kuyilapho isakhiwo sokuqala futhi kuphela ukuphula uphawu storeys 150.

umklamo Izici

Ukwakhiwa eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo ezihlobene nobunzima ezithile. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ukuthi umklami kufanele inake nenqwaba isakhiwo, ukumelana layo zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nemingcele eziningi, zonke izibalo kufanele kube eqondile kakhulu, ngoba uma kungenjalo ungase uhlupheke eziningi abantu. Esikhathini isifiso ukufeza izifiso ezithile kufanele uqaphele ukuphepha ngaso sonke isikhathi asondele ndaba ngendlela enengqondo. Yingakho umklamo ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo - kuyisiyalo esiyisa ahlukene ngokuphelele, edinga isimo sengqondo esithile.

Nokho, ukuphishekela nokwethenjelwa, asikwazi bayakhohlwa ubuhle. Ezivamile kwagcizelela amabhokisi ukhonkolo isikhathi eside azinandaba, abantu ufuna umusa ezithile kanye lightness amafomu, ukuze umsebenzi umakhi engakutholi ngokuthi lula. Izikhungo namabhilidi - futhi akuwona neze umsebenzi olula, ngoba ngisho evamile amafasitela isibambo hhayi kungaba ngaphandle kuka abaqwali ezimbonini. Futhi usadinga ukuthatha ezindabeni akhawunti zezokuvikela, babé ofanelekayo kunanini emva 11 Septhemba 2001, lapho umlilo nokuwa namabhilidi ezimbili kubulale abantu abaningi.

isigaba

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ukuze anqume ukuthi imiphi ncamashi kuthathwa njengesibikezelo esiyiso phezulu, kwakunzima. Futhi manje umbuzo sisabenza, ngoba usebenzisa zindlela eziningana ezahlukene. Othile ukulinganisa ukuphakama ophahleni, ngaphandle kucatshangelwa Spire, abanye acabangele ingabe indiva antenna kanye nezinye izikhungo, futhi abanye balinganisela esikalini kusekelwe iphuzu esiphezulu lesi sakhiwo. Kunoma ikuphi, manje kubhekwe namabhilidi izakhiwo kanye ukushanela (okungukuthi, hhayi umbhoshongo), edlulisela kuze kufinyelele ngamamitha 100 nokuningi. Kusukela 35 kuya ku-100 - isakhiwo eliphezulu liphumele. Ngenhla 300 - ultra-high futhi 600 - kukhona isiqalo "mega". By the way, ezimbili zokugcina kuphela emhlabeni.

irekhodi-full

6 out of 10 zezakhiwo eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni Nokho ayese-Asia, ukuthi izindawo ezintathu zokuqala elalihlala izakhiwo, okuyinto zitholakala UAE, Saudi Arabia ne-United States. Ngakho, uhlu uhlala ishintshe kusukela 2009:

1. Burj Khalifa (UAE).
2. Abraj Al Bait (Saudi Arabia).
3. 1 World Trade Center (USA).
4. Taipei 101 (Taiwan).
5. Schanhaysky World Trade Center (China).
6. International Commerce Center (Hong Kong).
7. Petronas-1 (Malaysia).
8. Petronas-2 (Malaysia).
9. Grinlend Nanjing (China).
10. Willis Tower (United States).

Namabhilidi eMoscow neRussia

Emizini WaseRussia isikhathi eside, isakhiwo ephezulu ukuvelela yobuhle esivaliwe, futhi ukucabanga ngani zenkolo. Kuze kube maphakathi nawo-XX leminyaka iphuzu esiphezulu maphakathi zomlando wahlala Ivan Omkhulu Bell ukuphakama 81 metres. Phela, isakhiwo eliphezulu liphumele eRussia isikhathi eside kwadingeka igama layo siqu, hhayi lathathwa nezinye izilimi - tucherezy. Eyokuqala iphrojekthi enjalo ukuthi wathatha jika zanamuhla, isakhiwo of the Isigodlo amaSoviet, okwakufanele abe ukuphakama 495 amamitha. Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-1937, kodwa waphazanyiswa empini, bese lo mbono yashiywa dengwane.

Kuze kube mashumi eminyaka ambalwa okugcina ukwethula ngempela eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo emadolobheni Russian kwakunzima, ngokusobala, bona musa angena ukubukeka kwabo yezakhiwo. Yiqiniso, abagxeki abaningi namuhla, kodwa isifunda Yedolobha YaseMoscow yazuza abalandeli bayo. Petersburg, futhi ngaphansi ukwakhiwa phezulu, uthembisa ukuba aphakeme e-Europe, kodwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi esihleliwe kuphela 2019.

amafu abadumile

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi labo ungafakanga ohlwini we namabhilidi eliphakeme of New York kukhona edume kunazo zonke. Lo muzi efika engqondweni yakho uma kuziwa eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo. I namaqhawekazi of Hollywood amabhayisikobho uhlala efulethini eliphezulu eManhattan, kusihlwa bencoma panorama. Yebo, i-New York akunakwenzeka ngempela ukucabanga ngaphandle namabhilidi. Shanghai no Hong Kong futhi bakhula isikhathi irekhodi, kodwa kakade fancy yazo zonke kuba sesimweni sakho sanamuhla.

By the way, isikhathi eside, ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo "kukaStalin" eMoscow babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli ngokwanele ezithakazelisayo ithembisa legatsha bokwakha. Namuhla, izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe sibavakashele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ubukeka Kuyathakazelisa.

amathemba

Kubonakala sengathi abakhi abayi ayeke khona, ngakho ngemva ambalwa emashumini jokes mayelana umoya-mpilo amathangi ngokushintsha imisebenzi kungaba yimpumelelo. Ingabe esiqaliwe ukwakhiwa, okuphakama kwawo kuyoba kuze 1 ikhilomitha. Kukhona amaphrojekthi okuyiwona ekunqotshweni izinto ezenziwe umuntu awalethe kuze kube 4,000 - kuyindaba isikhathi. Yiqiniso, abantu singenakwenzeka azimisele ukuba ehlele phansi 800-th for isigamu sehora. Kodwa akumangazi ukuthi ngokwanele ukuthi ngokombono lobuchwepheshe umbono, ukwakhiwa ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo lokhu ezidlula kungenzeka. Nakuba, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imiklamo efana babé umbono wangempela, kubalulekile ukuba uhlaziye izimiso eziyisisekelo iningi lwekutfutfukisa.