1 World Trade Center (Freedom Tower): incazelo, umlando

Ngo-1946. China ulindele impi entsha yombango. Japan namanje Awukwazi ukuthola kusukela ukuhlaselwa esibi zenuzi. Europe ugxile amanxiwa. Futhi-United States? EMelika, konke kulungile: Dollar neyaziwayo kwamazwe, kukhona ukudalwa UN futhi iBhange Lomhlaba, uqala ukwakha izakhiwo ezintsha. US unethemba lokuthi maduze iyoba esinamandla futhi 'podozhmut "ngumhlaba wonke.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, adingekayo, okuyilezi ekuphathweni New York, baphume isiphakamiso ukwakha World Trade Center Lower Manhattan - World Trade Center 1. Basikisela ukuthi amazwe post-yimpi uyosingatha ukuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe. Kodwa lokhu kungavimbela iMpi Yomshoshaphansi: Russian nge ibutho elinamandla emhlabeni komhlaba ukuze uthole ngebhomu le-athomu, wamshaya i look ezineqhwa Europe aqinise ubuhlobo nobungane Eshiya: ekusizeni baseKorea ukuqeda impi futhi sasondelana unomphela ubuhlobo babo ne China. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho amaMelika kanye esinakho ukuhlehlisa ukwakhiwa WTC unomphela.

Umlando ukuvela kwemibhoshongo twin

I nomklami oyinhloko we-World Trade Center njengoba umbono ukuthi ngelinye ilanga esivezwa ukwakhiwa izodlala indima kwesibhamu ye-United States. Minoru Yamasaki wabhala ukuthi, uba kungenzeka, "Ngingathanda ingaxazululwa nezindaba yezakhiwo ebhekene kimi, ukuklama indaba nanye izindlu."

Konke kwaqala ekuthatheni isinyathelo uMqondisi we-New York Harbor Agasti Tobin - usehlane 46 leminyaka elidlule kuye phambili isiphakamiso ukwakha World Trade Center 1. ukukhuluma Cishe, wayefuna udale into esingaletha ingeniso ethe xaxa.

Izishayamthetho imvume ukuze kwakhiwe 21 izakhiwo phezu loMfula East - Leli yizwe okungokukaNkulunkulu Office. It is asathuthuka iphrojekthi, futhi uma isilungile (ngo-1949), i-mbhalo ngoyebo likhishwa.

Esikhathini project maphakathi no-1950s athuthukile ebona uDavide Rockefeller. Kuphela nezinye umgomo wakhe - ukubuyiselwa Ezansi ukukhanga City of New York (Manhattan). Ngo-1958 saqala ukwakha uhlelo ukwandisa umsebenzi ibhizinisi, futhi ngo-1960 waqhamuka kokuhlaziywa kwamathenda iphrojekthi-World Trade Center. Ngokusho ke, eyinkimbinkimbi kufanele esisogwini 53 amahektha endaweni eyayithengwe Port Authority, kanye kwakukhona imitha-300 embukisweni ehholo, sizungezwe 50- futhi 70 storey ehhotela nehhovisi. Ezokuzijabulisa enikeziwe, ezifana yeshashalazi, zokudlela kanye nezitolo. Kodwa ngo-September 1962 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile nomklami oyinhloko (Minoru Yamasaki), okuyinto eyenziwa umsebenzi umkhicito wekugcina, futhi ngo-1965 waqala ukwakhiwa.

Yamasaki wenze izinguquko ezithile, yena ngokuphelele sinqatshiwe kungenzeka ukwakhiwa iqembu izakhiwo futhi wasikisela opt kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili ezinde lomthala 80 storeys ukuphakama. It kulandela ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba ukushintsha ngokuphelele nomklamo. Nokho, konke kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu: ngasekupheleni 1970 ukukhwezwa element ubhedu isakhiwo ukwesekwa esimweni zemikhosi, futhi ngo-1973 lesi sakhiwo wasungula.

Imicimbi September 11, 2001

Engaba ngu-30-World Trade Center twin imisebenzi kukhona eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Le nhlekelele sokuqala senzeke ngo-February 26, 1993. Ngalolu suku, esitezi North Tower, elithatha komhlaba car park yesibili, yamila iloli lapho ibhomu Wawusemhlabathini. Omar Abdel-Rahman (umholi Islamist nomhleli isenzo amaphekula) Kwethenjwa ukuthi umbhoshongo uzoqala sidilike ngokunyenya futhi ethinta wesibili, okungukuthi, ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe namabhilidi. Kodwa miscalculated - abanamakhono wezakhiwo okudaliwe inkani. Izisulu ngokuwa steel 6 abantu, abalimele mayelana 1,000, isakhiwo wayeka ngokuphelele esebenza ngayo.

imizuzu 102 - ngcolile 2001. Kuthatha isigamu sehora, futhi-World Trade Center 1 uye abasekho. Ngezinye 8:46 am indiza nge amaphekula ebhodini rammed umbhoshongo kuqala, futhi ngo-10:28 omunye "Boeing" - owesibili, nalabo imizuzwana esabekayo bathunjwa kuvidiyo. Lesi senzo zobuphekula iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wesintu. izisulu bakhe ngabantu cishe 3,000, omunye 24 banyamalele.

isakhiwo nalomsebenzi

Novemba 21, 2006 kwaba usuku lapho waqala esigabeni sokuqala ekwakheni WTC yesimanje 1. Le projekthi Kwangithatha isikhathi nemali - cishe $ 4 billion eminyakeni 7 (njengoba esasisandulele, elabhujiswa ngo-September 11, 2001). Ukuphakama Umbhoshongo 541 amamitha (kanye spike, isisindo okuyinto amathani angaphezu kuka-700). Namuhla, lesi sidalwa yezakhiwo iyona kunazo zonke e-New York, United States futhi zonke eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe.

Ngezinye lezo zindawo lapho ake wama kwemibhoshongo ayiwele naye, isikhumbuzo 2 base efakwe indishi wenza egwadle, futhi azungezwe wayinameka amapuleti zethusi eziqoshwe amagama efile. Basuke etholakala ncamashi lapho zabekwa khona izisekelo babekwa ezakhiweni. Futhi-World Trade Center 1 iseningizimu ekhoneni entshonalanga isayithi. It kuvela ukuthi izakhiwo ezintsha njengoba lizungezwe yenhlekelele (yisikhumbuzo).

Izimpawu isakhiwo yesimanje

World Trade Center 1, noma Freedom Tower, kuyinto isakhiwo commercial futhi ehhovisi. Isakhiwo asivumelani ngokuqinile okusikhumbuza ezazingaphambi kwayo. Kulula ukwakha Kuvunguza nge Spire omkhulu phezulu. It is ezicwebezelisiwe ngaphandle futhi ingaphakathi central okuyingxenye kukhona usayizi esikhulu endaweni yokwamukela izihambi. Igumbi ukuphakama 24 m, futhi kungakho inikeza ukufinyelela amahhovisi, izindawo zokudla, ulwazi izikhungo kanye amahholo embukisweni.

Komhlaba ingxenye ifakwe endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi, exhunywe kwi-kojantshi besitimela kanye ongaphansi komhlaba ezisemadolobheni. Phezulu, yebo, izindawo zokudla, inikeza kwenkundla ekhexisayo. Futhi ezingeni eliphezulu kukhona ezisekelweni yokubuka. Ingxenye engezansi Freedom Tower uphahlwe ingilazi ukuma prismatic, futhi phezulu - blue.

Amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Iningi isabelomali yayihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha uma kwenzeka kokuhlasela kwamaphekula.
• Ngo 1776 ke zamukela le -Declaration of Independence, e-United States. Ukwakha ukuphakama - 1.776 izinyawo, futhi kuba ingozi.
• Glass panel, okuyinto zikhethwa njengendlela material ambozwe, ukunciphisa izindleko ngama-20%, ngoba sibonga kubo wezangaphakathi egcwele ukukhanya yemvelo.
• Memorial kubantu abashona noma unyamalale ngesikhathi kuwa amabhilidi amade ezandulele Manhattan, ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene, ezivakashelwa kakhulu, kodwa iphrojekthi wagxekwa izindleko omkhulu kanye nokuntuleka sobuhle bayo.

Yini odinga ukukwazi ukuze izivakashi?

Noma yimuphi uhambo New York kuhlanganisa Ukuvakashela World Trade Center 1. Ungase futhi ukuthole bebodwa. Izindleko yokwemukela emphemeni observation imayelana $ 30. Njengakwamanye amazwe nasemizini eminingi, ungakwazi ukuthenga i-New York Pass bese uvakashela zonke izindawo zakho oyifunayo (kuhlanganise WTC 1) khulula.

Kwemibono Umbhoshongo Liberty (New York, Manhattan) 100, 101 kanye 102 amazinga. Buthani speed nezinqolobane zommbila, zazo ogibele ogangeni ubonisa, okubonisa izigaba nokuthuthukisa umuzi njengoba yayo "esakhula."

Banikezwe nhlekelele embi kangaka elafika kule ndawo iminyaka engu-15 edlule, abantu abaningi bayesaba uvakashele World Trade Center 1. Lapho ukwakha yafakwa siqalile ukusebenza, abanikazi ziye elinde abaqashi kwezakhiwo - bambalwa kakhulu abantu babefuna ukuthatha leyo ngozi. Kodwa njengoba wazi, projectile aphuthelwe uphondo efanayo kabili, futhi ngethemba ukuthi lokhu empeleni kuyoba icala.

World Trade Center 1 - ubuphekula impendulo

1 WTC akuyona nje enhle into yezakhiwo nge platform wokubuka indawo engezansi. Le yimpendulo enele lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke, kanye nendawo lapho ukuhlonipha imemori sabantu ababulawe. Modern New York isakhiwo ingenye ezikhangayo ayinhloko kakhulu zazivame ukuhanjwa bendawo nezivakashi.