Foundation inqwaba: ukubuyekezwa. Intulo inqwaba-sisekelo. Monolithic inqwaba isisekelo

Ngaphandle kokusekelwa akunakwenzeka Ucabanga ukuthi bakhona yini endlini, asikho isakhiwo esakhiwe ucishe sina esayithini suburban. Inkinga nje wukuthi izindleko isisekelo esihle kakhulu, ngakho kukhona njalo nesilingo sokubheka nomaphi lapho ubheka ezinye inketho ezishibhile ngaphezulu, kodwa eliphezulu.

Omunye wabo inqwaba isisekelo. Izibuyekezo basikisela ukuthi izakhiwo zalo anele isilinganiso izwe cottage, ingasaphathwa zokugeza kanye nezinye izakhiwo yasendlini. Lamuhla sitawubuka hhayi kuphela izimpendulo amakhasimende, kodwa futhi izizathu ezibangela kubo. Lesi sakamuva kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba cwaningo esisebenzayo kubaluleke kakhulu izisekelo efanele lakhetsiwe endlini.

Kungani inqwaba izisekelo ezidume ngakho?

Eminyakeni yamuva, isisekelo endlini ekhetha inani elikhulayo onjiniyela. Kungani-ke kuka ubuchwepheshe kakade idlula ongakhetha eside ziphumelela nokunokwethenjelwa ngokugcwele?

• Okokuqala, kungenxa isivinini. Lapho usazothola ukuthola isisekelo ukuthi kungenziwa ngosuku olulodwa?
• Okwesibili, cheapness. Njengoba sazi ukuthi izindleko usimende njalo anda, intengo ezivamile strip isisekelo isibhakabhaka-okusezingeni eliphezulu.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo enjalo kungaba ekhaya ukuze walala phansi engazinzile, kanye nemibandela ye eyiqhwa.
• Uma ubuchwepheshe amabhukhimakhi iye ababulawa ngendlela efanele, isisekelo akuyona prosyadet, futhi yendlu iyoba ephephile kunoma yimiphi imibandela.

Izibuyekezo Customer abonisa ukuthi nje kwamasonto ambalwa, basakhela indlu umnyuziki isihlangu, sibambe ubuchwepheshe inqwaba. Okunye abakhi baye baqaphela ukuthi izindleko eliphansi yinqwaba bavunyelwa ukuba bahlale ngaphakathi isabelomali, kokuba owakhile indlu ehlonipheke kakhulu. By the way, screw-inqwaba isisekelo, intengo okuyinto ruble ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 13-14, etholakala cishe njalo wayenomuzi ezingaba khona.

Izindleko FIKE mbundu (76 mm ububanzi) kuyinto ruble mayelana 1200. Ngokwesilinganiso indlu eyodwa isinxi ngaphakathi yinqwaba eziyishumi.

ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nobuchwepheshe

By the way, indlela okwenziwa ebeka le uhlobo isisekelo? Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, kuba ngesisekelo isikulufa yinqwaba. Zenziwa metal, futhi ekupheleni element ngayinye kwesakhiwo has blade (njengoba ice ngezikulufo) eyenzelwe engcwaba it hlabathi. Kodwa ngaleli phuzu ethile bese uqale izingxabano eziningi.

Othile ecabanga ukuthi ukwakhiwa kufanele igqitshwe kuphela ngosizo imishini esindayo, othile ephikelela yokuthi ngalezi zinhloso kuyinto ngempela efanelekayo inhlukano amandla ithimba lezisebenzi abayoba ukufaka isisekelo inqwaba. Ukudweba ngokuvamile anganikeza inkampani efanayo lapho ukuqasha ochwepheshe. Ngakho-ke kuvela lushibhe kakhulu, futhi inqubo isiphetho, ungenza iziphakamiso zabo ezakhayo.

izici ezingezinhle

Kufanele wenze akanhlanhlatsi, echaza ubuthakathaka lobu buchwepheshe. Uma abathengi awazi kubo kusengaphambili, khona-ke iphesenti disaffected kungandisa.

• Uma Friend inhlabathi (siyothi okwengeziwe ukuthi ngezansi), screw-inqwaba-sisekelo abakwazi walala. Iqiniso liwukuthi uma uzama spin nabo inqwaba, enamathela awokuthi uzobe ezilimele, kokubanga ukugqwala okusheshayo. Yiqiniso, ungasebenzisa isu elikhethekile, kodwa ngeke ukwandisa izindleko umsebenzi.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma yinqwaba kabi bavikelekile ukugqwala izinqubo, lutho okuhle kungcono hhayi ukulinda.
• Twisted inqwaba ukukhubazeka ayisekho hlola.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e indlu yezwe, lapho ogibele isisekelo, akunakwenzeka ukuba enze engaphansi. Lokhu kwenza hhayi kuphela ke kungenakwenzeka ukulondoloza amalungiselelo ezifuywayo, kodwa futhi angenza kokuthola endlini ebusika ezingemnandi, njengoba zisuke abandayo.

Abantu abaningi abangajabule nokukhetha kwabo esisekelweni kuphela ngenxa yokuthi izinkampani zokwakha abaphathi umane wagodla ulwazi. Khumbula, nomdlandla ODE inqwaba izisekelo bavame ukuhlabelela lezo zinkampani abafuna ngenkani kuphela inzuzo. Uma inkampani sina, ochwepheshe yayo kunoma isiphi isimo kufanele sixwayise abathengi ezingaba ngezinkinga kungenzeka nokushiyeka ubuchwepheshe sobala.

Futhi omunye. Impilo inkonzo sezindlu inqwaba izisekelo akuvamile idlula iminyaka 100-120, ngakho ukwakha "isidleke" ngeke aphumelele. Leli qiniso kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe. Nokho, screw inqwaba-sisekelo, intengo zazo lincane kakhulu, kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezinjalo omkhulukazi. Njengomthetho, bakha i-Cottages zwe elincane, yakhelwe iminyaka zomkhaya abantu ababili noma abathathu.

Nokho, kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho, lapho yinqwaba bayingozi olubabazeka kakhulu endlini osayizi. Kungenzeka, kodwa kuyodingeka usebenzise izinto isikhathi eside kunazo zonke.

Bambe noma cha sokumba?

Isikhathi esining impela sifunda Izibuyekezo engemihle abantu waqasha izisebenzi mathupha burrowing yinqwaba. Bathi ngesisekelo 'ehambahamba "isisekelo uhla 40-50 cm! Yin'indaba? Kuyini ubuchwepheshe olusemthethweni?

Qaphela ukuthi ngempela uthanda kokubili izindlela. Kodwa! Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi instillation bhukwana kumele ngokuqinile nemithetho ethile, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi indiva ngokuphepha. Ngakho, kuzo zonke imiyalelo lithi yinqwaba kumele screwed kusuka ekuqaleni, ngaphandle izimbobo ezengeziwe. Empeleni, kubalulekile ukuqondisa kancane komhlaba, ukuqinisekisa isiqondiso efanele ukushayela. Ngenxa yalesi lokuqala kufanele umgodi encane (hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-15-20 cm). It ufakwa inqwaba, okuyinto isiqala ukusonta isandla.

isimo esisebenzayo

Futhi indlela, ngokomthetho ukwenza isisekelo inqwaba? Izibuyekezo ibonisa ukuthi cishe ubuchwepheshe kuncike inkulumo ingahambi. Ngokuvamile, kuqala Omba umgodi omkhulu we a amamitha ambalwa ukujula, bese ukufaka inqwaba, Crank izikhathi ezimbalwa, bese ufafaza lokhu phansi lokudlela. Ngokwemvelo, nokwethenjelwa kulolu hlobo ukwakhiwa akukho. Ngesikhathi imvula yokuqala ukugeza phansi, futhi inqwaba kuthiwa Hawking.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu ngokuvamile ukubika ukuthi ngesikhathi inqwaba njalo unyakazisa, ukwenza kube lula ukoma kwabo. Ngakho ungapheli noma kunjalo it is engenakwenzeka! abasebenzi ezinjalo kufanele ithunyelwe emuva. Yinqwaba kubo kanzima abilisiwe, kodwa lokho nje kweminyaka embalwa inqwaba isisekelo endlini may empeleni prosest - futhi ekhaya lakho ebeligciniwe. Ngakho, iningi amazwana engakhi ehambisana lokungalandeli umthetho ubuchwepheshe kuyinsakavukela. Kuyadabukisa kakhulu, ngoba lezi izisekelo emhlabeni wonke aye aba yiqiniso ngayo kuphela ohlangothini oluhle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi abaningi abakhwelwe umqondo ukwenama imali: ezinjalo abantu 'engongi' ngezinye izikhathi esikhethwe inqwaba metal ku 2 mm awugqinsi, bese esekhala subsidence kwesisekelo. Qaphela ukuthi icabanga SNIP: inqwaba izisekelo ezenziwe ngensimbi okungenani 4 mm obukhulu. Mark metal - 20, kusukela ngo-ke okungenani 10-15% okuhlala isikhathi eside ukwedlula yensimbi nantathu sha, okuyinto ngokuvamile esetshenziswa iningi izinkampani zokwakha.

Okubalulekile!

abathengi abaningi esekhala izinkampani budedengu, okuyinto zenza umsebenzi wazo kahle. Izibuyekezo horror izindaba ephelele, kodwa kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi uma ufuna ukuletha abasebenzi ukusonta inqwaba, isivivinyo kokuqina - kumelwe!

Musa ukusebenzisa izinkampani ukuthi amxoshe kancane. Nakuba kunezinkolo Geodesy Imiphumela ngongqimba ucishe ezijulile inhlabathi kungaba eziningi Stony amatshe nezinye izithiyo esenza kungenzeki ukuba zinqwabelane isisekelo. Intengo umsebenzi uma siphezulu, kodwa kuwufanele umzamo.

Ngakho, uma nje ukuthenga inqwaba ngesikhathi umphakeli, eyodwa izobiza ruble mayelana 1,200, kuyilapho nge test ukubhola kanye ekuqiniseni yibhande lasebunzini phakathi, ngentengo yalo bayovuka ruble 1,300 noma ngaphezulu. Nokho, uma ungenayo isipiliyoni ngokwenani lomsebenzi wokwakha kungcono ukusebenzisa amasevisi ochwepheshe abaye izisekelo olunjalo ngaphambili.

Exposure - wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke!

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uma ukusakaza base itheyiphu kudingeka ulinde isikhashana, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ukhonkolo ngokwanele belashwa. Strange, kodwa ngasizathu simbe abantu efanayo piously isiqiniseko sokuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa isisekelo isikulufa-inqwaba e kwamahora ambalwa ngemuva ezimazombe.

Lutho neze! Ochwepheshe bathi enhle ukunikeza yinqwaba okungenani ngonyaka, ngesikhathi okuzokwenza ekugcineni oluhlehlela phansi futhi ukuvikela ukwakhiwa. Uma basheshe, akukho lutho okuhle kuzofika: futhi kukhona Izibuyekezo uthukuthele lapho abantu bekhononda ngezinto nomunye amaphutha ubuchwepheshe.

Isidingo inhlolovo geodetic

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yinqwaba akufanele screwed "njengoba wathola", nangokuhambisana yezakhi esisebenzayo. Ngaphambi ukwakhiwa kufanele ngokuthi Ochwepheshe kusukela Geodetic Survey futhi ukuthola zezendlalelo aminyene we nenhlabathi ejulile. Kuyinto ezingeni yabo kufanele sibeke isisekelo ezinjalo, njengoba kungenjalo inqwaba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngeke kancane okubi zingahamba kulelibala losebe.

Khumbula ukuthi kuyinto efiselekayo cap usimende inqwaba isisekelo ngokushesha, njengokungathi isikhathi uthele ukhonkolo kwesakhiwo ingxenye, ematfuba inqwaba ukuphambuka ancipha kakhulu.

Ukubaluleka ukuba khona ukuhamba komsebenzi

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa ngasizathu simbe izakhamuzi eziningi zethu nabo nya ngalokhu imininingwane encane. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi idumela has enkampanini yokwakha, kodwa wena (noma omele yakho) kufanele ibe indawo. Sishilo kakade ukuthi abasebenzi angambika nenqwaba namaqhinga ukuba lula inqubo, kodwa musa noma kunjalo engenakwenzeka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe ngokushesha hlola izinga lomsebenzi, kanye nenqubo bethwebula ngokugcwele, kusukela kusaqalwa, uma kunesidingo. Izibuyekezo zisikisela ukuthi khona izinto ezinjalo kubhekwa isiphi isimangalo ngokushesha. Ngisho abakhi abanganaki kuleli cala, uthanda ukuxazulula amicably udaba, kusukela ngenye inkantolo isazoqhubeka ume ohlangothini umthengi.

isipiliyoni Operating yezindlu ku inqwaba-Ground Izikulufu

Isihloko sethu wayengeke neze ephelele uma asizange nixoxe isipiliyoni esiwusizo zezakhiwo ukuqhuba leso bafakwa isisekelo isikulufa-inqwaba. Ngakho, yini unikeza inqwaba isisekelo? Izibuyekezo eziphikisanayo, kodwa ezinye izingqikithi ezivamile isekhona.

Okokuqala, cishe zonke abanikazi bathi phansi amakhaza asebusika. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi uma lapho endlini efakwa esigangeni, ezindaweni hhayi ebiyelwe kocingo okungenani. Umoya ushaya isikhala khulula phakathi efanele ekhaya, ukuqinisekisa esitebeleni (futhi abalulekile) ukulahlekelwa ukushisa. Ungakwazi kalula ukubona ukuthi isisekelo inqwaba, okuyinto has a isithombe esihlokweni, lingenza indlu ukuphakama ehloniphekile.

Ngakho, ngingathanda ukweluleka ukwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• Qiniseka vimbela phansi nge ngezinto zokwakha zesimanje, ungakhohlwa mayelana isithiyo umusi.
• Vikela kocingo ipherimitha noma izikhala ezingase ukunciphisa isivinini somoya.
• Ekugcineni, ebusika udinga iqhwa obkidyvat indlu, ukuvala igebe phakathi phansi futhi phansi.

Njengoba for ukuqina, kusenzima ekuseni kakhulu ukudweba noma iyiphi iziphetho. Kodwa akekho ekhaya, wagqoka isikulufa yinqwaba ezweni lethu, hhayi ngisho yayigubha iminyaka engu yesihlanu. Nokho, abanikazi ingabe uqaphele ukuthi khashana phi Ukuhlanekezelwa awaveli (ngaphandle uma ubuchwepheshe disorder).

Ngokuvamile, lapho lobu buchwepheshe phezu ezivulekile wezwe lakithi okuye kwaba uqobo umsebenzi oncomekayo, ngakho asikho isizathu esikhethekile hhayi ukuyisebenzisa.

Ubuciko Monolithic inqwaba isisekelo

Engxenyeni yokuqala yaleli sihloko sabuka indinganiso isisekelo inqwaba. Izimpendulo ngaye kunalokho eziphikisanayo, kodwa sithole ukuthi cishe kuzo zonke izimo, izici ezithile ezingathandeki cishe njalo zenzeka ngenxa iphutha noma abakhi ngokwabo, noma amakhasimende kungukuthi elawulwa basebenzi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi jikelele uhlobo yinqwaba nhlobo. Akuzona zonke izimo bakwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zakho ezihlukahlukene Kuvunguza, ngakho namuhla sizoxoxa Monolithic inqwaba isisekelo, ngokusekelwe impendulo evela kumakhasimende.

Empeleni, abakhi ushayele lolu hlobo izisekelo "ezishaywayo pier lesisekelo 'ukuthi akuvimbeli sicabangele ke kusukela enqwabelanisa isikhundla. Ukuze siphephe kungukuthi screwed ngaphandle futhi ugcwale ukhonkolo esikhundleni. Ngokungafani ubuchwepheshe ngenhla echazwe Omba wamukelekile. Okokuqala, kudingeka yamba imbobo ubukhulu enzansi yayo wathela isihlabathi embhedeni enamandla, sigcizelelwa, bese uthele nosimende ukhonkolo.

Ingxenye engenhla igibele grillage kuxhumene lonke esakhiweni dwala olulodwa kokuba kakhulu amandla izici. Yiziphi izinzuzo lobu buchwepheshe?

• Okokuqala, kulula kakhulu ukuthola amasu Drilling kuka ukusonta inqwaba.
• It is hhayi ukubuthola ukumba ukuze ukwazi ngokushesha ukubazi onalezizimpawu kwenhlabathi.
• Akukho ingozi ukuthi inqwaba lilimele noma zikhubazekile, njengoba ukugcwaliswa yayo kwenziwa ngqo kusayithi.
• ukhonkolo Good isetshenziswa amakhulu eminyaka kanye nalabo abafisa ukwakha yabo "isidleke" sikhombisa Monolithic inqwaba isisekelo. Ubuchwepheshe kusikisela ukuthi indlu uyokuma isikhathi eside.

Nobufakazi ikhasimende

Njengasendabeni yabase odlule, kufanele uxoxe umuzwa ngokushesha labo bahlala ezindlini ezifana. Okokuqala, abasebenzisi babike ngesilinganiso kancane amabhukhimaki (uma ziqhathaniswa yinqwaba Helical). Lokhu kulinganiswe izinga enkulu yomsebenzi, uma ukulawula ukulungiswa ukhonkolo, ngisho abasebenzi abanganaki kuyoba nzima ukumosha into.

abakhi abanolwazi ngikuveze ukuthi akudingekile umgodi omkhulu ambalwa amamitha ezijulile. Ngoba indlu ezweni isilinganiso kwanele ukuba bayamba kahle kumuntu ka 80 cm ukujula. Okubalulekile! Ukwahlulela ukubuyekezwa, abaningi uzama ukubeka lapho njengoba kweqembu yamathebhu (itshe ochotshoziwe, isitini agayiwe). i ukufakwa okunjalo inqwaba isisekelo itholakala kuyo yonke indawo.

Ngakho akufanele akwenze, okwenzekayo kubonisa ukuthi yinqwaba ezinjalo zivame ukwambula, kuyilapho abahlanzekile ukhonkolo situ ongema iminyaka. Ngokuvamile kukhona izindaba ngesikhathi ekususweni emadlangaleni ubudala (ngo-North of yinqwaba esetshenziswa isikhathi eside) amakholomu ukhonkolo (njengoba kwakunjalo eminyakeni 60-70) babe zisesimweni ephelele, kanti sekuyisikhathi eside kakhulu ukwakhiwa wahlala kudoti kuphela.

Okubalulekile! Akunakusetshenziswa musa ukusebenzisa kufaneleka ashiselwe ngoba ethela izisekelo! Uphenyo abanye abakhi abonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa izixazululo esinjalo siholela kwemifantu futhi ukusonteka inqwaba. Into wukuthi ngohlaka yokugcizelela kufanele kube nezimo (wathungela) ngokulinganayo ukusabalalisa umthwalo okwenzeka impahla.

isakhiwo ashiselwe akusho nalezi zimfuneko, futhi ngenxa yalokho zingase zibangele imifantu. Abanye abathandi wezwe lonke, okuyinto ngokuzimela wathela Monolithic inqwaba isisekelo, ngokuvamile wazi ukuthi uma imifantu ku ukuqinisa uqala ngokushesha ukungena emanzini. Umphumela kusengaphambili: ukugqwala asebenzayo nokubhujiswa inqwaba. Musa ukuphinda amaphutha abanye, okwenza umklamo inqwaba izisekelo!

Inketho kuphela ugonyuluka nenhlabathi

Umhlabathi, okuyinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (nenkathi ebandayo) kungalimaza kakhulu ukushintsha ukucushwa zabo, ngokoqobo vspuchivayas phezu, ibizwa ngokuthi ugonyuluka. Ziyakwazi kuyinkinga real cishe bonke abakhi kanye nalabo abahlala ukusatshalaliswa yabo.

Futhi nje okufanayo inqwaba isisekelo (intengo kuyinto encane ngempela), okuyinto ibekwe ngezansi zeqhwa inhlabathi ezingezwakali unjalo insindiso yangempela. Njengoba kwabika i-izakhamuzi izindlu zakhiwe phezu kwezingodo, akukho ukuphazamiseka kokulinganisela kwesisekelo abawubonanga, kuyilapho ezivamile ibhande-uhlobo elisekela ngokoqobo "izinyembezi" onyakeni wesibili noma wesithathu liqalile ukusebenza ekhaya.