I-Adobe isitini: amasu yokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa

Isintu kulo lonke umkhuba ukwakhiwa ukusebenzisa izinto zemvelo ezahlukene. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ethandwa kakhulu ngokuvamile ubumba, okuyinto usezuze bekholelwa kudalwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhiwo. I-Adobe noma odakeni, izakhiwo namuhla sekuthandwa hhayi kuphela ngenxa yothando endala, kodwa futhi ngenxa yezizathu eziphathekayo - yindlu adobe esimweni somnotho kanye nezemvelo sibambekile kahle ngangokunokwenzeka show ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo.

Material ngaphandle isikhathi

Saman, ngokuba eyandulela ubumba nezitini libhekisela izinto yohlobo esiyinhlanganisela, liqukethe amanzi, utshani, isihlabathi, ubumba kanye emhlabathini.

Ikhiqizwa eluhlaza ubumba isitini ne ukwengeza utshani oqoshiwe isetshenziswa zeminyaka. Yakhelwe kuwo futhi izindlu abavamile nezakhiwo ngokubabazekayo, okufakazela ukusetshenziswa adobe ekwakhiweni kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe ePeru neGibithe, ukudalwa Elikhulu Wall of China. Izindlu kanye indlu kwale nto atholakala Moldova, Turkey, Iran nakwamanye amazwe nge kushisa, kanye e-Kuban futhi laseStavropol.

Akunjalo kudala adobe zokwakha futhi baba abaklami ethandwa Ihlanganisa imibono izakhiwo zokuhlola umqondo ubunye impucuko kanye nemvelo, izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje ku eco zabo bazakha ngempumelelo. Imiphumela kuhluke kakhulu kuphela design, kusukela ubuchwepheshe ayikashintshi ngoba izinkulungwane eziningana iminyaka.

Emabhuloki ekwakha ka

Ukwenza adobe kwenziwe namuhla, efana eminyakeni eminingi edlule, nokusetshenziswa ubumba, isihlabathi, amanzi kanye fillers organic (yefilakisi imililo, ukusika utshani). Inani kusho ubumba uqweqwe kusuka 4 kuya ku-20% (nokuncipha izindonga ubumba incipha ukuncipha). Ngo samuntu, ukwakhiwa block isihlabathi, ubumba kanye notshani elixutshwe i ngisho ukungaguquguquki bese ukubumba amabhlogo iqala ku isikhunta lokhuni. Indawo yayo yangaphakathi kumele planed futhi ujabulele ezinye "reserve" ukuze akwenze kube lula ukususwa izitini.

Njengoba imikhiqizo kungukuthi ngaphansi yokuwugazinga, yomiswa elangeni (zingakapheli izinsuku 7-11, kuye ngokuthi izimo sezulu), udini sebete entwasahlobo ehlobo ngoba lemali edingekayo into kwadingeka isikhathi ukuze ome. izitini Ready qinani amandla lapho Bambulala oqoshiwe kalula futhi kahle ngensimbi ngembazo liqopha.

Ekubunjweni kwakwakhe impahla

Indlela Ukuxoshwa ukwakhiwa libhekene isandla walala kancane wahlwitha mass ngokwayo esisekelweni nge lokwela noma nemfoloko. Isendlalelo esisha ishiywa ukuze ome izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese kwakheka esilandelayo. Izindonga kuthiwa abaphundlwe njengoba omiswe futhi zihambisana ezinhlangothini. Sici sici ukuthi yonke izingqimba aphethwe ndawonye, esikhulu nomunye ngaphezu gluing, futhi plexus utshani zesivikelo sesifuba. Ngenxa yale njongo, endizeni kusendlalelo ngasinye ngokukhethekile agcinwayo engalingani, nge Imicu yotshani ophumile futhi izimbobo.

Izici ukwakhiwa

Mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa panel steel futhi formwork ngesikhathi kwakhiwa. Kulokhu, izitini adobe enikeziwe ebhokisini-timbering emi isikhundla design, kancane oswakanyiswe amanzi uphawu izingqimba ezincane usebenzisa tampers lokhuni. Clay uku formwork emhlabeni izinsuku ezingu-3-4 e sezulu esinamafu noma izinsuku ezingu-2 - e-solar. Ngemva ke idluliswa ngenhla elandelayo yenziwa futhi izindonga. Ngamunye indlela yokwakha iwindi futhi umnyango kuvuleka esiqongweni okuyinto wagibela steel noma ibhuloho lezingodo ngesikhathi kwakhiwa.

Indlu adobe izindonga kungenzeka kwanoma iyiphi ukuphakama. Kukhona izibonelo ezingokomlando zezindlela izakhiwo samaphansi eziningana, okuyinto hhayi kuphela zisesimweni esikahle kodwa zisasetshenziswa. isakhiwo esinjalo, ngokungafani samuntu zemlebitnyh, izindonga aphethwe ndawonye amandla adonsela phansi, esekelwe ezintathu isakhiwo ntathu okwakuthandelene utshani endwangwini, amandla Imininingwane inikezwa inqwaba ngabanye sifanamsindvo. Kulokhu, iningi izindlu adobe ayinakho angaphezu kweyodwa amathathu phansi. Le ndlu, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye isakhiwo, kudinga isisekelo esiqinile nophahla esiqinile ukuvikelwa imiphumela elimazayo yamanzi. izindonga bendabuko ivikela kusukela isembozo imvula ngesimo ngodaka lwe-lime noma kakhonkolo.

isithunzi

Ukwakhiwa adobe iyona ephephile kunazo zonke izindlela ezisebenzisa izinto zemvelo. Yenziwe ezivuselelekayo futhi akuyona ezinobuthi ezingaba yingozi kubantu, okuyinto ebaluleke ikakhulukazi isimo samanje ukungcola eqinile kwemvelo kanye resource Ukuwohloka.

Ngenxa amakhono plastic ungakha izakhiwo amafomu organic kumiswa niches, nemengamo, izindonga engonxantathu - ngakho umakhi isebenza nge ekhaya njengoba ne ebaziwe.

I-Adobe isitini kuyahluka izindleko sakugcina iqhathaniswa nezinye izinto. Ukuze ukwakhiwa akudingekile ukusebenzisa ezibizayo noma asebenzise imishini ethize zabasebenzi, ngokulandelana, ukusetshenziswa eliphezulu amandla engekho.

Ukumelana Water futhi ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa izici

Material uyakwazi ngokudlulisela izinkathi ezinde imvula ingekho ngaphansi weathering. Ngokwesibonelo, e-UK, esibonakala by imvula eliphezulu, ziningi ukhululekile kugcwele izindlu zodaka, engu-abaningi babo eseneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-500. Futhi kule ayisishiyagalolunye storey izindlu medieval eyakhiwe ukusetshenziswa olungaphelele adobe, okuyinto ingatholakala Yemen, abantu besele bahlale khona cishe 900 edlule. Umklamo ekhethekile kanye nokusungulwa impahla kanye labo abazokwazi ukuhlinzeka ukumelana eyanele zokuzamazama komhlaba.

Saman libhekene okusezingeni eliphezulu ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa properties kuqhathaniswa ngesitini, itshe noma ukhonkolo, ngakho lezi zindlu akudingeki i Ukushisa zandiswe ebusika futhi epholile isofthiwe ehlobo. Lokhu yokwakha engangenwa umlilo, esetshenziselwa kwetinhlavu noshimula futhi amaziko, okuyinto kungani kangcono amakhaya ezindaweni ingozi eliphezulu umlilo.

I-Adobe izakhiwo Yiqiniso, esiyingqayizivele, efana yokuthi ukusebenza kwabo kanye izinga sokunconywa kwezomnotho lomuntu ngamunye, akakushalazeli Ngokuzayo kwemvelo Zomhlaba.

amaphutha

Ukuze adobe nobunzima sekukaningi zeqhwa - imbangela eyinhloko ukubhujiswa izindlu futhi ngokuhlaziya bomhlaba. Kodwa isicelo ezindaweni ezibandayo kungenzeka ngaphansi ubuchwepheshe akhethekile yangaphandle odongeni ukwahlukanisa.

I-Adobe isitini abuzange okungcono izici zokuhlobisa, ezihlukile gidrostoykostyu encane. izakhiwo ezinjalo ngaphandle ukwelashwa okufanelekile ungamunca umswakama esimweni sezulu esiswakeme uqale deform futhi sikhuntile. Ukuvimbela ushintsho olunjalo ezindongeni ngaphandle kukhona siphelile calcined izitini ezivamile, futhi ngaphakathi ivikelwe isithiyo ububi ngentukuthelo. Indlu amabhlogo okuzenzela kuleli cala liyohlala isikhathi eside.

izici ezibalulekile

Blocks yokwakha indlu ezibekwe phezu isihlabathi nobumba ngezabelo isixazululo sakhiwa ngokwabo womshini amabhlogo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa utshani. Ukuze uchungechunge lokuqala ngokuhlukana kudingekile kwasekusekelweni esebenzisa ungangenisi amanzi. ukuqinisa Mesh kuyoqinisa enhlanganisweni yebhantshi lensimbi, izindonga namakhona. Point imithwalo ezilimazayo impahla, ngakho kwakhiwa setshe aseRama nemithi i ukusatshalaliswa alinganayo umthwalo phezu komduli. A ndlu ngokuvumelana nemithetho kuthokozise zabanikazi iminyaka eminingi.

isakhiwo

I-Adobe isitini, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, kantsi sicuketse loku zingxenye ezilandelayo: amanzi, utshani, isihlabathi nobumba. Lapho kwakhiwa kukhona ngezabelo okufunwayo kuzo zonke izingxenye kuqala kakhulu ancike izici ikhwalithi ubumba. It ayitholakali ifomu okumsulwa ngokwemvelo, futsi ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi ethile ukungcola, ikakhulukazi isihlabathi. Ungqimba ingqikithi ukwengeza emfuleni isihlabathi sieved kunqunywa degree ubumba amafutha.

Kungatholakala kubhalwe kulezo zindawo lapho misela abakhi nesitofu-abenzi. Mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa inhlabathi igodi kusukela emseleni isisekelo, uma isayithi libhekene ubumba Inhlabathi. Ubumba kusukela lapho amabhlogo uyozimisela ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu, kungabikho amatshe, doti futhi akhiphe amanyela. Lapho evuna semali impahla kungashiwo stowed ngaphansi ifilimu futhi bavunyelwe ukuba ukukhula kule mass - izinga layo ngenxa yalokhu ukwanda kuphela.

Isetshenziswa womshini isihlabathi indawo, usayizi elikhulu okusanhlamvu akuyona esingaphansi 1 mm. I-Adobe amabhlogo ayikwazi kwakhiwa kusuka uthuli ongakhetha. Sand izimpande isuswe, doti futhi lezinto angaphandle, bese-ke iyoma futhi sieved.

Ilingana yiluphi uhlobo utshani eziyisisekelo: ibhali, i-rye noma kakolweni, into esemqoka ukuthi asha ngokuphelele futhi kwadingeka noluncane umonakalo. Fresh utshani kangcono.

Amanzi akuloba engxenyeni yokugcina yencwadi ukuxubana, kodwa hhayi okungenani. On isitini amandla kuthinta ebumsulweni nasebunyeni ngoba amanzi equkethe acid nosawoti, kunomthelela nokucekelwa okusheshayo. Inketho engcono kakhulu amanzi emthonjeni noma Borehole, ngaphandle kobukhona amakhemikhali.

Indlela yokwenza Samaná ingxenye ethile

Ukuze ubone ukuthi ingxenye yawo wonke izingxenye, udinga ukuthatha omunye ingxenye isihlabathi nobumba, engeza amanzi, uhlanganise bese uxove isixazululo, kepha efaniswe esintamo inhlama ukungaguquguquki. Khona-ke ibhola Rolls aphume isixazululo ilingane ububanzi ibhola lethenisi futhi kusala ilanga ngehora elilodwa. Khona-ke kumelwe udedele ovela ukuphakama cishe amamitha isigamu phezu flat. Isilinganiso ekahle isihlabathi nobumba uzobuyisa umumo eyindilinga. Uma Liyashabalala ke, kudinga nokuncipha inani isihlabathi esimweni uma ibhola kungaba flat ngaphandle kumiswa imifantu, kubalulekile-ke ukwandisa ingxenye yayo.

ukwakha

Kwakheka adobe izitini plastic, metal kanye namafomu lokhuni ngesimo ibhokisi ngaphandle phansi kanye sebuningini amaseli zohlobo oluthile. Ozimele yokukhiqiza amafomu elula ngokhuni, ngesiswebhu amabhodi planed nge ukushuba-30 mm.

Ngemva sokunquma usayizi block liyadingeka zokuphetha amafomu kuso kamuva kwenziwa ukusika ebhodini. Ngaphezu kwakho konke kufanele ixhunywe ngaso sonke emalungeni ezindaweni eziningana nge ngezikulufo. Isibalo izitini kanyekanye ekhiqizwa kungaba yini, konke kuncike lingakanani, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba acabangele yokuthi ifomu akufanele abe izinsimbi ezisinda kakhulu. Kungaba ifakwe izibambo ezinhlangothini ukuze bakhululeke ukunyakaza.