Eziwukudla ku ichibi njengoba isimo semvelo esitebeleni

Nutrition linendima ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi ecosystem. Ukudla liwumthombo wamandla nokuqhubekela phambili ekuphileni izinqubo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho, ohlelweni ngamunye emvelweni akhiwa eziwukudla. Uma ichaze kubo, sithola lokhu okulandelayo: noma trophic eziwukudla - buhlobene izilwane, izitshalo, amagciwane isimiso "ukudla - umthengi".

Isakhiwo silula. Abamele okulandelayo isixhumanisi eziphilayo zidla isixhumanisi sangaphambilini. Njengomthetho, inani link ifinyelela 3-4, futhi kuphela kakhulu kuyaqabukela - 5. Supply Emaketangeni emanzini, ikakhulukazi fresh, iwe ngokugcwele ngaphansi trophic futhi kungaba zezinhlobo ezimbili.

Izinhlobo amaketanga ukudla

Eziwukudla ku ichibi umphakathi kungaba zezinhlobo ezimbili. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa emadlelweni yesibili - detrital. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zezindlu eziwukudla zihlukaniswe amazinga eziningana. Okokuqala hlala abakhiqizi - izitshalo lapho uqede amandla elanga. On ezingeni lesibili kukhona abathengi primary - izilwane ukudla isitshalo. Isigaba sesithathu ugajwe abathengi yesibili - izilwane, okuyinto uqede rastenieedov kuphela kanye nezinambuzane abathengi primary. Esikhathini nelesine decomposers futhi consuments oda yesithathu - ezizingelayo, izimuncagazi namagciwane.

Iklabile eziwukudla ku ichibi kukhona sici for ezingqimbeni eliphezulu, kanye detrital - kuze kufike phansi. Kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa kubo - bona, sengathi yonke e nature kuhlobene. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wesifunda ayengekho ku-ecosystem, ngabo kukhona ojwayelekile. Ngalinye ezingeni trophic (iyunithi) iningi lawo mandla amuncwa umzimba kusuka ukudla, uchitha ukulondoloza ukuphila okuvamile.

Eziwukudla ku ichibi. izibonelo

Kunoma emanzini kulula ukunikeza isibonelo kakhulu elula eziwukudla. Cabanga ubudlelwane bezinto eziphilayo Lake iBaikal. Ngenxa ukuhlukahluka izimila nezilwane circuit alondoloze nemithombo yamanzi ethulwa ukubukwa eziningana. Ngenxa anebudlelwano, enye yezingxenye sithathelwe indawo esinye izakhi. Trophic uchungechunge echibini lahlukaniswa - epipelegial futhi batipeligial. Izinga lokuqala owandile emanzini angasogwini nasemaxhaphozini izingxenye ukuxuba izingqimba, isici zone phansi yesibili.

Abakhiqizi (isixhumanisi okuyinhloko) izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ulwelwe. Konsumentami epishura wenza oda kuqala. Lolu hlobo ezinamagobolondo planktonic kuphuma main umthengi phytoplankton kanye ulwelwe, futhi zooplankton. Epishura ukhonza njengomdala ukudla isixhumanisi elilandelayo - consuments oda yesibili. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa macrohectopus (zooplankton) kanye omul kuzo zonke izigaba yentuthuko. Kodwa uma izinhlanzi kudle abathengi primary kuphela, futhi ibusa abakhiqizi makrogetopus. Lezi ezinamagobolondo kukhona ukudla omul, ITILOSI lishayela, golomyankas nezinye izinhlanzi. I element kokugcina kophawu, okuyinto sidlile abameleli ezingeni odlule.

ukudla Detrital chain

Noma yimuphi echibini, Echibini noma ulwandle babe ekujuleni ezahlukene ezingxenyeni ezahlukene endaweni ngimatasa futhi. ukudla Detrital chain in ichibi eyandile kukholamu amanzi, okuyinto engakutholi ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngenxa umkhiqizi kuyizinto izinsalela zezitshalo nezilwane imvelaphi. Ngu abathengi ye-oda okuqala ezinamagobolondo futhi izinhlanzi olwandle olujulile, kanye namagciwane. Lezi ngokuvamile detritophages consuments ukudla lokuqala nelesibili oda trophic ukunikezela wesifunda.

Variability zemvelo

Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba uthole emanzini, emanzini anosawoti noma angenawo, lapho isixhumanisi ngamunye eziwukudla yayiyobizwa emelelwa eyodwa kuphela zezilwane noma izitshalo. ecosystem enjalo iyashabalala ngoba engekho omunye isici kuholela ukuphazamiseka kwe-circuit ugesi kule ndawo. Uma isixhumanisi ngamunye ugcwele Kunezinhlobo eziningi izilwane noma izitshalo, uhlelo uqinile, kusukela ukungabi khona ingxenye esikhundleni noma kulekelelwa nomunye. labantu Lonyaka ngamunye akhawunti ngonyaka inombolo ehlukile kwabantu ngabanye. Futhi kuphela sibonga ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi akukho kuphazamiseka eziwukudla nokubhujiswa ecosystem.