Epiphysis - kuyini? Sakhiwo umsebenzi indlala pineal

Kaningi, zokwelapha zanamuhla, futhi nezincwadi zesayensi, ungase uhlangane igama elithi "ndlala pineal". Kuyini lokhu? Yini lolu gange na? Yiziphi izindawo? Lezi zinkinga esinesithakazelo kuyo abantu abaningi, ikakhulu uma kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi umzimba ivame ukuhlotshaniswa eminye imibono abanye esoteric.

Epiphysis - kuyini?

Empeleni, umzimba womuntu kukhona izakhiwo ezimbili zazo zibizwa ngaleli elithi. Ngiqinisekile nezwa epiphysis ithambo, okuyinto esigabeni ekupheleni amathambo ijabulise eziningi.

Kodwa ngo-ubuchopho bomuntu inekheli epiphysis. Kuyini lokhu? Lena isakhiwo esincane, ngokuvamile okuthiwa saqanjwa ngokukhukhumala kwentamo endocrine uhlelo. By endleleni, kukhona nezinye amagama lesi sitho, ezifana le ndlala pineal kanye indlala pineal. indlala pineal zobuchopho kuyingxenye okubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo fotoendokrinnoy, futhi, naphezu ubukhulu kuqhathaniswa nesizotha, indima yayo ngoba ukusebenza evamile umzimba nje omkhulu.

Epiphysis esihlasela amathambo futhi umsebenzi wayo

Bone epiphysis kuyinto yokhalo enwetshiwe wethambo ijabulise. Le ngxenye iyona ebusweni articular okuyinto yakha ezikanye ithambo eduze.

Kulo mnyango nezicubu ithambo has a isakhiwo sithambile. Kwamanzi embozwe uqwanga articular, epiphysis, nangaphansi izicubu uqwanga yiyona okuthiwa ipuleti subchondral ehlanganisa sebuningini capillary kanye kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa.

Ngaphakathi ithambo epiphysis ligcwele umnkantsha. Lesi sakhiwo kubalulekile ukusebenza evamile umzimba womuntu, ngoba kulapha lapho ukwakheka kanye nokuvuthwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

I epiphysis (pineal) futhi indawo yayo

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ndlala pineal - a zakamuva sitholakale okungenani wafunda zobuchopho bomuntu. Yiqiniso, izinto eziningi ezichaza indlela lokhu isakhiwo lwenziwe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. By endleleni, lokhu umzimba ezibonakala zincane kancane sifana Isigaxa zikaphayini, ngoba yena, ngoba eqinisweni, nabizelwa indlala pineal.

Rasplozhen isitho eduze ingxenye yobuchopho elawula, phakathi ama- ezimbili mezhtalamicheskogo umphetho. Liphinde enamathiselwe kokubili thalami elise diencephalon.

iseli isakhiwo

indlala Pineal - isitho esincane, ababethi okumpunga. Ngaphandle kokuthi camera capsule kwezicubu obukhulu zezinzwa. Capsule yakha trabeculae okuthiwa, okuyinto ukungena indlala ulwahlukanise zibe tincetu encane. Yilokho abantu indlala pineal - kungaba kuthathwe isakhiwo njengoba kahle elula.

Ingxenye kwangaphakathi yakhiwa parenchyma indlala futhi izakhi zezicubu zezinzwa. Izakhi eziyinhloko ezihlelekile epiphysis kukhona pinealocytes - zikanhlangothiningi parenchymal amaseli. Ngaphandle kwabo, kwatholakala, futhi ezine zamanye amangqamuzana - izinzwa iyona indlala pineal, endocrinocytes interstitial futhi peptidergic namangqamuzana ezinzwa isakhiwo kanye phagocytes perivascular.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekuqaleni ukuphila komuntu we ndlala pineal likhula ngokushesha, kodwa emhlabeni esikhathini sokuthomba, le pineal indlala ukukhula kancane kancane buphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba zikhula futhi ukuguga zomzimba womuntu kukhona involution we wendlala.

imisebenzi eyisisekelo

Yiqiniso, umsebenzi we indlala pineal is akukaqondakali ngokugcwele. Noma kunjalo, ukuthi main pineal-hormone okuthiwa i-melatonin unesibopho kumiswa okuthiwa isigqi lomzimba (ubuthongo futhi sihlale siphapheme) yaziwa. Lokhu hormone akabangeli nje kuphela ukuvama ubuthongo, kodwa futhi kusiza umzimba ukuzivumelanisa jet lag. Futhi uba i antioxidant futhi retards inqubo yokuguga.

Yiqiniso, le ndlala ikhiqize ama-hormone pineal kanye nezinye izinto ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, yensimbi inike adrenoglomerulotropin ekhuthaza aldosterone zamagama izinqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlala pineal senze neminye imisebenzi ebalulekile eziningana. Isibonelo, kuvimbela ukukhishwa kwama-hormone ukukhula nokuthuthuka ngokobulili, kuvimbela ukwakheka nokukhula izimila, kuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Kukholakala ukuthi pineal hormone yegilo e ngezinga elithile ukulawula ukusebenza ohlelweni hypothalamic-pituitary kanjalo ezithinta ukusebenza kwazo zonke endocrine nezindlala zomzimba.

ukulawulwa ukusebenza

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izici indlala pineal nomthethonqubo Namanje ayiqondakali kahle. Ucwaningo thiya ubukhulu encane wesinye kungcono indawo. Noma kunjalo, kunobufakazi le ndlala pineal ilawulwa, ngokungagcini nje ngokubashumayeza kwalapho, kodwa futhi nozwelo ukukhanya.

Yiqiniso, ukukhanya akusho ukungena ngqo emzimbeni pineal. Noma kunjalo izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya obulimaza ganglion amaseli ezithile kuyi-retina. Ngakho, yisifiso emsipheni idluliselwa ku suprahiazmalnomu nucleus hypothalamus, lapho i-nucleus paraventricular iqondiswa ngokusebenzisa kumasegmenti engenhla thoracic nomgogodla. Yingakho excitation idluliselwa kuya epiphysis engenhla ngokusebenzisa ganglion wesibeletho. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umfutho ezivukayo suprahiazmalnom core, akusho zishukumisa, kodwa kunalokho ebambezela umsebenzi ndlala pineal. Ngakho, ekukhanyeni kwe-melatonin uketshezi kuyehla, futhi ebumnyameni (ebusuku) - liyaphuma. Ngokuqondene ukukhuthazwa indlala pineal, le neurotransmitter kuleli cala uba norepinephrine.

Izifo indlala pineal

Yiqiniso, ezinye izifo kungathinta, futhi lokhu ingxenye yobuchopho. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile phakathi ukuhlolwa of neoplasms ahlukahlukene zitholiwe isakhiwo ngokuthi epiphysis. Kuyini lokhu? Yebo, ngezinye izikhathi emisipheni pineal indlala kwenzeka ushintsho abulalayo amaseli. ISidlo ukubonakala isimila ingozi noma isimila.

Njengoba le ndlala pineal kuyinto indlala we uketshezi yangaphakathi ke, ngokwemvelo, ekhiqizwa hormone ukusebenza ohlelweni lonke endocrine. Ngisho nginesimila elincane indlala pineal ingabangela ukwehluleka hormone kanye nokuthuthukiswa nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi makrogenitosomiya. isifo okunjalo kuhambisana izinguquko izinga lama-hormone athile, okuholela ukuthuthukiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokomzimba futhi ngokocansi (ukubukeka zokwehlukaniswa esemncane, njll). Ngokuvamile ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona retardation engqondo.

Epiphysis e esotericism yesimanje

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi lihlotshaniswa pineal mass indlala zamaqhawe ezingaqondakali futhi eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma esoteric. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi sidumbu sitholwe kuqhathaniswa sihambile, othukuswe izakhiwo lapho ngezizathu ezenze abanye ososayensi nezazi zefilosofi umbono libaluleke we ndlala pineal ubuchopho,. Ngokwesibonelo, Rene Dekart emsebenzini wakhe ngokuthi indlala pineal "esihlalweni umphefumulo." Ngempela, lesi sakhiwo amashumi eminyaka ngisho eminyaka waqonda njengoba uhlobo kwesigubhu komphefumulo womuntu.

Kukhona futhi izinkolelo ngaphezulu lasendulo mayelana ezingaqondakali "iso yesithathu", okuvumela umuntu ukubona engabonakali futhi unesibopho ezihlukahlukene amakhono ngemilingo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-19 theory leminyaka iye phambili ukuthi iso ongaqondakali lwesithathu empeleni ukhona. Kodwa uma kwezinye izilwane itholakala phezu umzimba (isibonelo, ezinye cyclostomes epiphysis ngempela kuziwa kwamanzi kanye nezenzo njengoba photosensor), khona-ke abantu iso "ukufihla" ngaphakathi ugebhezi.