Ebola: inkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni. Indlela batheleleke nge-Ebola

Ebola isifo "kwalinciphisa" sabantu zaseNtshonalanga Afrika. Igciwane singene nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Ucwaningo luthole e-UK, USA. imfiva, World Health Organization limenyezelwe usongo amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Bavelaphi lokhu sifo sibulale? Okuyingozi kuka-Ebola? I bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi, izimpawu, zokwelapha kanye lesi sifo manje okubangela lwendaba.

Kuyini Ebola?

Ithi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi livelaphi nokuthi igciwane-HIV kubo indoda, akekho ikani lapho. Kodwa wazalwa e-Afrika. Ngokokuqala ngqá ziqokonyiswe 1976. Ngakho, akuyona igciwane elisha. Emuva ngo-1976, ubhadane lwezifo babebhekwa ezindaweni eziningana. Nokho, igciwane kutholakala eZaire (manje Congo -) ogwini loMfula i-Ebola. Ngakho-ke lethiwa.

Uma emzimbeni, igciwane elibangela lesi sifo, ogama lakhe olusemthethweni - oluhambisana nemfiva Ebola. Izithombe labantu abanaleli gciwane umane olushaqisayo! Izinga lokufa ifinyelela cishe 90%. Futhi into embi kakhulu Ebola izisulu abanakulindela lokulondoloza wokugoma. Imane alikho. Ngisho ukuphathwa embuzweni. Phela, ama-ejenti esemthethweni imfiva noma.

Fever 2014

A kokugqashuka entsha ezilotshwe Guinea ngo-December 2013. Ukutheleleka nge swiftness okusezingeni eliphezulu yaqala ukusakaza emazweni angomakhelwane. iziguli Ebola babhaliswa eSierra Leone, eLiberia, Nigeria. Ngokuhamba umlando igciwane kokugqashuka esabulala abantu abaningi ukuzedlula.

abantu elinegciwane wahlangana hhayi kuphela eNtshonalanga Afrika. Odokotela ababili American, amavolontiya sezilufundile igciwane kokugqashuka imfiva. E-US, ilokhu isidumo yangempela. Phela, nesineke eyodwa kuphela ukuthi isifo sandile ngokushesha ezweni lonke.

On the kukadokotela nesiguli kwemvume egcwele ihlolwe umuthi omusha zokuhlola. Yelaphani isifo se-Ebola - inkampani ukuthuthukiswa biotech e-San Diego. Njengoba umzimba womuntu bayosabela kanjani lapho lokhu izidakamizwa, asizange ngisho ukwazi Abadali. Phela, ucwaningo yayiqhutshelwa kuphela izimfene. Lapho zonke izimpawu Ebola e bedolag odokotela ayelapho, banikezwa i izidakamizwa zokuhlola. Ngemva kwehora, izimpawu fever aqala ukuncipha.

Indlela Ebola gciwane?

Kusolakala ukuthi "abazali" igciwane waqala, amalulwane adla izithelo (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi ama-flying fox). Abathwali kungenzeka izinkawu (gorilla, izimfene, izimfene), ingungumbane, ihlathi izinyamazane nezinye izilwane.

kuyinto Ebola indoda kanjani? Ekuqaleni kwalo angadluliselwa ezilwaneni. Igciwane ayihambi ngokusebenzisa nokuzihlukanisa ngamathe. Ngakho, uma inkawu ogulayo emibi noma ulunywe yisilwane, umuntu Ufika utheleleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu ingozi kuhlanganisa abazingeli ezohlatshwa isilwane izidumbu.

Indlela Ebola kwathelela abantu abangekho ukuxhumana izilwane? Ngeshwa, omunye umuntu kwanele eyolanda igciwane elibulala. Bese isakazwa kanye iketanga. Igciwane ngegazi kanye zonke uketshezi lomzimba. Ngakho, ngisho ngesikhathi kiss ungathola lesi sifo sibulale.

Kwesinye isikhathi abantu ngisho ukwazi indlela batheleleke nge-Ebola, ukugula ngokwabo. Ngezinye izikhathi, bengaboni isilonda amancanyana akubonakali ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama, babutha imvuthuluka igciwane. Kukhona amacala amaningi ukutheleleka e-Afrika, kwabafileyo. Phela, ngisho isidumbu iyathelelwana. Sabalalisa Lingaqhubeka futhi ngenxa uxhumane ne izinto eziye abangenwe umuntu ogulayo.

symptomatology lesi sifo

Ukuba umqondo wokobana i-Ebola idluliselwa, kungenzeka ukuthi zibone izici isici isifo.

Ngakho, ekuqaleni athuthukile njengendlela isifo imikhuhlane. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala libhekene okulandelayo izici Ebola:

• ukuphathwa ikhanda;
• nokuvusa lokushisa ukuze 39-40 degrees;
• palpitations inhliziyo;
• ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• isifuba esomile, umphimbo obuhlungu,
• ubuhlungu besifuba;
• amimichnost ubuso, amehlo lushone.

inchubekelembili kwaleso sifo libhekene izimpawu ezintsha. Yena livela ngosuku 2nd noma 3rd:

• ukuhlanza;
• ubuhlungu esiswini;
• uhudo ngegazi amanyela.

Esigabeni sesitsatfu, usuku lwesine, ngezinye izikhathi kuyabonakala oluhambisana syndrome. ukopha nasemkhakheni abamhlophe samehlo. Isikhumba, izitho zangaphakathi uqale opha.

5-7 ngosuku presents morbilliform ngamawala. Yesilinganiso kubonakala sengathi izindawo abomvu. Kulokhu, isiguli bengahlushwa ukulunywa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ku-site ukuqubuka avele uyaxebuka. I Lesi sifo siphatha kakhulu ukuba kokunqotshwa ohlangothini engaphakathi senyonga kanye ehlombe. In iziguli uhlangabezana ukucobeka, ukudideka. Ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo kubonakala uphawu obuhlukile - ukuyaluza.

usuku 8-9-haemorrhage olubanzi, ukushaqeka anobuthi okuholela iconsi elibukhali blood pressure. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukufa, zingaba khona.

Uma ukufa iye kugwenywe, isimo sizoba ngcono bubonakala ngosuku 10-12. Isiguli sinelungelo lokushisa evamile. Isiguli iqala ukuya isichibiyelo. Le nqubo ihlala 2 kuya ku-3 izinyanga.

bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi

Kubalulekile ukuqonda kulokho nkathi yesikhathi engaveza isifo. imithombo iningi labantu likholelwa ukuthi isifo ngaphambili njenge-Ebola, inkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni kusukela 2 izinsuku ukuze 21. Isikhawu isilinganiso phakathi inqubo ukutheleleka ukuvela izimpawu ezisukela 3 izinsuku ezingu-9. Ngokuvamile, lokhu isikhathi kwanele ukubonisa zonke kungamboza ububi Ebola. Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni, kufanele aqondwe, kodwa ihlala kufika ezingu-21. Ngakho-ke, lesi sifo simo singenzeka kunoma yimuphi lwalezizinsuku.

iqembu ingozi

Kasibili kungabikho ozibongayo yokuvikela igciwane esisabekayo. Nokho, kukhona izigaba kwenani kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka:

1. Odokotela, ngubani esenziwa umsebenzi bephoqeleka ukuba belaphe iziguli.
2. Mhlawumbe ngisho zisengozini izihlobo elinegciwane. Phela, nabo basuke unikwa umsebenzi wokunakekela abagulayo.
3. Ngo isigaba ekhethekile yokuma abazingeli.

sitholakele isifo

Ekuqaleni ihlaziye umlando epidemiological. Ngamanye amazwi, omisiwe Eqinisweni isiguli endaweni labo ababencishwe amathuba ngaphambilini. Sifundza kungenzeka ukuxhumana zomuntu onesifo. Uma kungenzeka enjalo, kuba ukuxilongwa ezisolisayo "Ebola". Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni, njengoba sesibonile, izinsuku ezingu-21. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiguli kufanele ungeniswe esibhedlela.

elandelayo nophenyo eyenziwa kule nkathi:

1. Ukuhlolisisa izikhalazo kanye nomlando nesineke. Ukunakwa ikhokhelwa isikhathi lokushisa ukwanda, ukopha okukhulu, izigqiki zamanzi nge khona igazi, nokunye.
2. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Virological. Uhlola uketshezi begazi. Kusukela igazi, igciwane elingalodwa ngamathe womuntu futhi ethula kube umzimba wesilwane laboratory. Kuye igadiwe ukuze abone intuthuko isici inqubo ezithathelwanayo.
3. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Serological. Ngosizo amasosha omzimba ukuqaphela igciwane lwegciwane. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuzama ukuqeda.
4. ezithathelwanayo isifo ukubonisana.

ukuphathwa umkhuhlane

iziguli Ebola compulsorily esibhedlela amabhokisi ekhethekile. abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kuphela abavunyelwe ekwelapheni iziguli anjalo. Ngeshwa, hhayi uhlelo ecacile elikuvumela ukuba ukunqoba lesi sifo njengoba Ebola. Ukwelashwa ihilela lokhu:

• ethola antivirals;
• esasikhipha a immunoglobulin donor - umzimba zokuzivikela ethathwa abantu noma amahhashi othola ukuhlupheka, futhi kungakho abazazi igciwane.

yokwelapha kuyehla kube nezimpawu ukulwa:

• embhedeni ukuphumula;
• ukudla digestible,-semi ketshezi ukudla;
• Ukuphatha glucose noma nosawoti izixazululo, uma isiguli yabukela ubuthi oqinile olubi nokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni;
• Vitamin (ascorbic acid, _B6, PP);
• platelet ukumpontshelwa (onikelayo) for the ukuzinza of igazi ekunqandeni;
• izidakamizwa antipyretic;
• Hemodialysis - ngegazi lenkawu uhlelo izinso yokufakelwa ubuthi, oveza igciwane;
• kwamaphilisi ukuthuthukiswa yezinkinga ezibangelwa amagciwane uhlamvu.

Ingabe likhona ikhambi for Ebola?

Lo mbuzo uhlupha hhayi kuphela iziguli ngokwabo. It isethwe uquqaba ezibanzi abantu, uhlangabezana nokwesaba umqedazwe kungenzeka. Lo mgomo, ososayensi bezama ukuvikela abantu ebhekene nengozi. Futhi nakuba namuhla izinyathelo ngempela engaqinisekile ukuba ulwe nezifo ngaphambili njenge-Ebola ukwelashwa, mhlawumbe, maduze kungatholakala.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi esemthethweni komjovo ingakamiswa bhalisiwe, imithi eminingi engaba isivele yasungulwa. Isiqinisekiso esiphawulekayo lokhu kuyinto izidakamizwa ngokwakho, ihlolwe kwi odokotela American. Budebuduze ngemuva kanye Canadian corporation zemithi, ukwakha isidakamizwa ukuthi bangalwa imfiva.

ERussia nabo esebohlile. Eduze Novosibirsk ukuthuthukisa ukuhlolwa izinhlelo ezingaba ukuxilonga igciwane eliyingozi. Kwakulapho, maphakathi yesayensi "Vector", usebenzela ukudalwa wokugoma esiyingqayizivele ngokumelene Ebola. Ngisho nanamuhla, umuthi omusha ubizwa evivinywa izilwane. Nokho, izisebenzi ngokwabo isikhungo ukugcina konke ukwaziswa okuyimfihlo.

Ngakho, sethemba ukuthi maduzane wokugoma esiyingqayizivele ngokumelene imfiva ebulalayo izokwethulwa uquqaba sabantu.

Izinhlelo ezivimbayo futhi izincomo

Umbuzo we Ukuvikelwa sabantu kusukela igciwane elibulala aliphumi ngokucijile. Ngempela, kuze kube manje hhayi bhalisiwe isenzakalo esisodwa ukuqinisekisile okutheleleka kuleli zwe. Nokho, ngenjongo zokuvimbela kumele ayejwayele ezinye izincomo. Bavumela ilungile futhi ngesikhathi esifanele amanyathelo wonke afaneleyo ukuze singathwesi bagcina izisulu Ebola.

izincomo Key:

1. Ukuze avimbele kungenzeka ukutheleleka nge imfiva kangcono ukulahla ukuvakashela West kanye namazwe Central African.
2. Uma kudingeka, uhambo izindawo okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili kubalulekile ukusebenzisa buso zokuzivikela. Kufanele uzame ukugwema izindawo eziminyene futhi uma kunokwenzeka musa uxhumane nabantu abagulayo.
3. Ngokuya zokuvimbela kufanele kube njalo pholisa igumbi, esikhiqiza yokuhlanza ezimanzi, ngokucophelela ulandele imithetho kwenhlanzeko. Akubalulekile ukwenza ukuthenga ezindaweni okungagunyaziwe ukuhweba.
4. Uma usola isifo Ebola kufanele ezizenza futhi afune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
5. Lapho ebuya ohambweni ukuzwa izimpawu kancane efana Ebola, kufanele ngokushesha uthintane onguchwepheshe. Udokotela kumele anikeze ulwazi olugcwele mayelana amazwe eyayisele. Qiniseka ukuthi ucacise isikhathi sokuhamba.

isiphetho

Muva nje, ngokuyisisekelo Ebola akucaci, futhi yena imfiva bewutho kude kakhulu: zineminyaka endaweni ethile e-Afrika, thatha izinyathelo zokunqanda isifo. Kodwa izindaba isiguli kusukela UK abaphila ne odokotela kusuka America kwangenza ngokwanele igciwane usongo.

Nokho, ningatatazeli. Rospotrebnadzor uthi baseRussia kungukuthi ezisengozini umqedazwe. Nokho, ukuya ezweni laseNtshonalanga Afrika kufanele uyekwe. Kodwa kwamanye amazwe ungaya ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuletha "isikhumbuzo" esisabekayo. Ngemva olwenziwa esiqinile zokulawula ziyakwazi ukuvikela ngokumelene igciwane elibulala. Kodwa lapho esephindele kufanele ngokucophelela ukulalela umzimba wakho. Ngemva kwenkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni yokugula ezingemnandi ihlala izinsuku 21.