Diencephalon

Ubuchopho obuphakathi ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke futhi kakhulu ezisebenza abalulekile stem ingqondo. Iqukethe lenqwaba cores ukuthi kukhona izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni autonomic, kanye ingxenye liqukethe nezindlala ezimbili endocrine - indlala pineal kanye indlala pituitary. Ubuchopho obuphakathi sise kakhulu Corpus callosum phakathi ama- cerebral, ke lilinganiselwe kuya ezingemuva ipheshana optic futhi posterior perforated izidakamizwa, futhi ngaphambi - the chiasm optic.

Lesisemkhatsini isakhiwo zobuchopho nzima, ngoba inombolo enkulu izikhungo ezahlukene esilawula ukusebenza evamile futhi usebenza ngendlela efanele izitho ezihlukahlukene futhi izinhlelo. Ebuchosheni (Intermediate) ababonakali ngezikhundla: epithalamus, thalamus, metathalamus, i-ventricle lwesithathu futhi le ngxenye.

I thalamus (hillocks ezibukwayo) ukwakha pair of ukuma side. Lakhiwa ekuqongeleleni grey ndaba ngesimo nuclei (amane), ahlukaniswa ungqimba omhlophe okuqinile. Epithalamus ethulwa epiphysis noma indlala pineal. Epiphysis ngokubukeka ufana Isigaxa * nomthidari, owenziwe waba owasendaweni phezu quadrigemina ubuchopho obuphakathi. Kusukela ngaphandle kuyahlanganiswa ne capsule, okuyindawo ukudlulisa ngaphakathi ngodonga uhlukanisa epiphysis zibe tincetu.

Metathalamus ethulwa medial futhi, Yebo, i-lateral geniculate emizimbeni, okuyizinto izikhungo asizwe nombono. Basuke etholakala ngemuva isiguqo izingxenye ezimbili thalamus futhi uxhumeke kwi- ubuchopho obuphakathi imilenze colliculus esiphakeme futhi aphansi. Le ngxenye uvezwa uphondo, le chiasm optic, ompunga egqumeni, pituitary kanye izindikimba ezimbili mastoid. Indlala pituitary iyona central endocrine uhlelo, ise-pituitary fossa sella ku sphenoid. Le ngxenye ukhiqiza ngokunembile Ezansi diencephalon.

Zonke nucleus hypothalamic, lapho emhlabeni amane indawo yayo okunye ihlukaniswe langemuva, Lesisemkhatsini phambi, iningi labo ukukhiqiza neurosecretion. nucleus Front emelelwa paraventikulyarnymi futhi supraoptic, bakhulise - nuclei hypothalamic futhi mastoid umzimba, naphakathi - ephansi futhi verhnemedialnymi nuclei hypothalamic, nuclei futhi uphondo serobugornymi.

Diencephalon iqukethe i-ventricle wesithathu, okuyinto ngaphakathi komgodi ingqondo. Wabika ezansi yesine ventricle, phambili nasemuva - ngokusebenzisa foramen interventricular - the ventricles lokuqala nelesibili. Njengazo zonke ezinye, basesimweni plexus lwesithathu semithambo, okuyinto ukukhiqiza cerebrospinal fluid.

Umsebenzi we ubuchopho Lesisemkhatsini incike zayo:

• Ukulawulwa ohlelweni endocrine, kusukela e diencephalon ahlelwe pituitary futhi pineal. Pituitary i-hormone ezizokhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana okulandelayo: ukukhula, prolactin (ukwakha ikhono ubisi ku-alveoli we nezindlala mammary), TSH, ACTH, follicle-eqabulayo, luteinizing, lyuteotropnogo, melanotropin, oxytocin, vasopressin. umsebenzi Neurosecretory we ndlala pineal imodi ocacile diurnal. Ebusuku synthesizes melatoksin, okuyinto ehilelekile exchange lesi sakhi, futhi ntambama - serotoksin.
• Ukulawulwa kohlelo autonomic. Ngo hypothalamus, etholakala izikhungo subcortical ka ikhaliphe autonomic, ezifana ukoma, indlala satiety, injabulo, ukungajabuli, thermoregulation, kanye zonke izinhlobo imizwa.
• I lateral emizimbeni geniculate elise izikhungo subcortical umbono, futhi medial - ukuzwa.
• I thalamus enkabeni ukuzwela jikelele, ngaphandle olfactory.

Ubuchopho obuphakathi, njengoba umthetho, inezici eziningi ayephuli okungenani omunye wabo kungaba nemiphumela emibi ungalungiseki, okwakuyoholela nakanjani kuholela ekutheni ukukhubazeka noma ukufa.