Cupid: umfula umbuso izici kanye nezici

Uhlobo wamanzi imodi Amur River kuyivumela Ziningi nemingenela ezinkulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kulo bayizinkulungwane Zeyu, Bureya, Sungari Anuy, futhi Ussury Amgun.

Kuyadingeka ukuba sicabangele iqiniso ezilandelayo: kakade mpikiswano kuyaqhubeka mayelana eminyakeni embalwa okungukuthi Zeya owumthelela Amur noma cha. Ngenxa isikhala izithombe, ososayensi bakwazi ukukhomba ukuthi kwezinye izindawo eziningi Zeya ezijule kakhulu, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba ngobubanzi okuningi ngaphezu River Amur. River umbuso ezimweni ezinjalo idingidwa, kusukela lobo bufakazi alanele ukuphasiswa yimiphi izinguqulo.

igama

Hydronym kuhlobene izilimi Tungus. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi igama yokuqala okusho "nomfula omkhulu." EChina, ukugeleza kwamanzi kubizwa nge "omnyama emfuleni" noma "umfula black dragon." Ngokusho nganekwane wasendulo, wayephila ezansi dragon ezinhle abake wanqoba okubi, njalo ehlasela abadobi. Winner wahlala hlala la manzi, phakathi Amur kanye ezindaweni zamaJuda. Yileyo ndlela wamanzi usezuze igama ethakazelisa kangaka.

Cupid (umbuso komfula, singasho, e negama lakhe ngandlela-thile) uphela ensimini ka eMongolia Dauria. Uthatha isifunda Chinese ambalwa Russian futhi omunye. Ezintabeni kuyinto ekuqaleni nemingenela main.

AmaMongol esetshenziswa ukubiza Cupid "umfula black ebanzi." IsiManchu - "amanzi amnyama".

geography

Amur umcengezi itholakala empumalanga Asia. Umfula ngesikhathi esifanayo ezindaweni ezine: ihlathi, asemaqeleni, asemaqeleni kanye lulwimi ehlane. Inzika kaningi, inombolo yabo ngaphesheya endaweni yamanzi kuhluka amamilimitha angu-300 kuya ema-750.

Umthombo emfuleni sise kwalapho kuhlangana khona Shilka futhi Argun. Ubude ingqikithi wamanzi kuyinto 2824 km. Manje, kukhona izingxabano ngalokho kolwandle kungokwalabo Amur esizalweni somfula. TSB uthi eJapane futhi International lokuhlola amanzi Organization ithi ngasoLwandle Okhotsk.

Amur River (umfula ngempela ahlukahlukene yaphelela) luphakathi neRussia, Yabantu Republic of China futhi Mongolia. RF ekusakazeni aqueous sehlukaniswe eSiberia futhi Far Eastern ingxenye. Kulesi zone efanayo ke indawo evamile oluhlukaniswe engenhla, maphakathi nemifula aphansi.

emfuleni Hydrology

Phakathi kweminye imifula Russian Federation Amur zibalwa lesine. Emhlabeni - okweshumi. ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuhluka 9 kuya ku-11 eziyinkulungwane. ^M3.

Valley ekusakazeni aqueous uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu phakathi, aphansi kanye lase-Amur engenhla. umbuso umfula ngamunye wabo kuyahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, izinga ukugeleza kuhluka 4 km / h futhi 5.5 km / h.

Isici esiyinhloko lase-Amur ukuthi izinga lamanzi kuwo ngenxa inkathi yezimvula ezinkulu (80% amanzi emifula yonyaka) antante amazinga ezibucayi. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi maphakathi kanye engenhla kunyakaza kuyinto 12 m, ezansi - 8 m Phakathi imvula noma izimvula ezinkulu njalo ochithekile ubambe kufika ezinyangeni ezimbili futhi ukufinyelela ububanzi km 20.. Ngenxa ukwakhiwa izitshalo Hydropower kwamanye nemingenela iyehla iyenyuka encishisiwe kakhulu, izikhukhula ziye zaba siyindlala.

Ichthyofauna

Imodi Water Amur River kuyivumela ukuba ezinabantu "ezinabantu". Kuyinto isinabantu 140 zinhlobo futhi zenyathi izinhlanzi. Ngokwezimakethe ebalulekile phakathi kwabo kukhona mayelana 40. Ukusakaza aqueous njalo abameleli Chinese Ichthyofauna (carp, carp, Auha, skygazer) futhi Indian (Rotan, snakehead). Kaluga ezikhulayo lawa manzi, ifinyelela cishe 5 m ubude. Sturgeon Amur kanye Sakhalin ngokuvamile sokujabulisa abadobi. Ngaphezu kwalezi zilwane, butholakala lapha 9 abameleli ezahlukene salmonids. amachibi kuhlala Kaluga sendawo Auha, whitefish, snakehead, nabanye.

Amanzi umbuso

Amur ithatha nendawo ephambili phakathi wonke Far Eastern emifuleni kokuqukethwe amanzi. amanzi eNkulu emfuleni ibuthakathaka, izikhukhula abe ezingeni ngokwanele okusezingeni eliphezulu. Njengomthetho, ehlobo eziningi kubo, futhi leli qiniso kwenza abantu bakuphathe izikhukhula. Lona umbuso amanzi Amur emfuleni kanye nokulutheka yayo phezu sezulu oluphakeme sobala. Imvula ngaphezulu ziyokuwa, ukwanda okwengeziwe amathuba yezikhukhula. Cishe yonke indawo umfula Itholakala zone yezimvula sezulu (noma kunalokho, okufana yayo enyakatho). Lokhu kuchaza yokuthi ehlobo nasebusika ubuswa emimoyeni ebandayo by. Kwalapho kuhlangana khona Shilka futhi Argun, ie umthombo komfula, ngokuvamile bathonywa mass entshonalanga.

Ukugeleza yonyaka kuncike kakhulu emanzini umbuso. Ngokwesibonelo, i-course eliphezulu has a ukusebenza kuqhathaniswa eziphakemeyo, kepha noma eziphakathi nendawo has a okuqukethwe amanzi encishisiwe. Isitayela Photo Amur ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezine: amazinga liphansi, ngokulinganisela, high and low. Cishe bonke abangabohlobo uhlobo olufanayo ukugeleza, umehluko amanga kuphela ukudla sezulu. Ngokuyinhloko, lo mfula bondliwa imvula (phepho) amanzi. Isithwathwa umsoco kubalulekile kuphela kulezo zimo lapho ubusika uwela imvula eyanele.

Ngenxa evumayo izici emfuleni ke sisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingeni kwezomnotho: ukudoba, emifula Rafting, ukuzilibazisa. Nemingenela we Amur babe umbuso amanzi efanayo nomfula ngokwawo. umehluko Minor therebetween.

glaciation

Kuyini imodi Amur River: simisiwe noma cha le echibini? Umbuzo ungaphendulwa ngoyebo. Ngenxa lokushisa ongaphakeme (kumaka isifinyelele -40 degrees kuya Inyakatho neningizimu -15) iningi ukugeleza kwamanzi embozwe iqhwa. Lokhu ikhava isiqala ukuba angalandeli mayelana kwezingu-8 glaciation.

Ngesikhathi umthombo lase-Amur iqhwa cishe lapho, futhi ngisho noma uwela, bese bevala ukuphakama ingeqi 10 cm. Inombolo ingqikithi kwezulu inyuka uma hambisa ohlangothini entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Esikhathini sifinyelela engezansi isembozo iqhwa okuningi ukuphakama yabo ifinyelela cishe 50 cm, ngezinye izikhathi leli nani ikhula.